The Fekete polynomials are defined as
where is the Legendre symbol. These polynomials arise in a number of contexts in analysis and number theory. For example, after cyclic permutation they provide sequences with smallest known norm out of the polynomials with coefficients.
The main purpose of this paper is to prove the following extremal property that characterizes the Fekete polynomials by their size at roots of unity.
Theorem 0.1. Let with odd and . If
then must be an odd prime and is . Here
This result also gives a partial answer to a problem of Harvey Cohn on character sums.
We study category counterparts of the notion of a universal measure zero set of reals.
We say that a set is universally meager if every Borel isomorphic image of is meager in . We give various equivalent definitions emphasizing analogies with the universally null sets of reals.
In particular, two problems emerging from an earlier work of Grzegorek are solved.
Theorem 1. Let be an -dimensional hereditarily indecomposable continuum. Then there exist -dimensional hereditarily indecomposable continua and monotone maps such that is an embedding and the space of all subcontinua of is embeddable in by .
Theorem 2. For every open monotone map with non-trivial sufficiently small fibers on a finite dimensional hereditarily indecomposable continuum with there exists a -dimensional subcontinuum such that and the restriction of to is also monotone and open.
The connection between these theorems and other results in Hyperspace theory is studied.
We establish a nonexistence theorem for stable currents (or stable varifolds) in complete -pinched hypersurfaces of a real space form with nonnegative constant sectional curvature. This is a partial positive answer to the well-known conjecture of Lawson and Simons.
We construct an example of a normal countably compact not absolutely countably compact space. We also prove that every hereditarily normal countably compact space is absolutely countably compact and suggest a method for construction of hereditarily normal spaces without property .
The results of this paper concern the expected norm of random polynomials on the boundary of the unit disc (equivalently of random trigonometric polynomials on the interval ). Specifically, for a random polynomial
let
Assume the random variables , are independent and identically distributed, have mean 0, variance equal to 1 and, if 2$">, a finite moment . Then
and
as .
In particular if the polynomials in question have coefficients in the set (a much studied class of polynomials), then we can compute the expected norms of the polynomials and their derivatives
and
This complements results of Fielding in the case, Newman and Byrnes in the case, and Littlewood et al. in the case.
The main results of the paper offer various characterizations for -convexity. One of the main results states that is -convex for some positive and if and only if can be decomposed into the sum of a convex function, a function with bounded supremum norm, and a function with bounded Lipschitz-modulus. In the special case , the results reduce to that of Hyers, Ulam, and Green obtained in 1952 concerning the so-called -convexity.
In this paper we prove that in various models of Martin's Axiom there are perfectly normal, non-metrizable non-archimedean spaces of .
Suppose that are degree-one maps between closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds with
Then, our main theorem, Theorem 2, shows that, for all but finitely many , is homotopic to an isometry. A special case of our argument gives a new proof of Gromov-Thurston's rigidity theorem for hyperbolic 3-manifolds without invoking any ergodic theory. An example in §3 implies that, if the degree of these maps is greater than 1, the assertion corresponding to our theorem does not hold.
We first show that the canonical solution operator to restricted to -forms with holomorphic coefficients can be expressed by an integral operator using the Bergman kernel. This result is used to prove that in the case of the unit disc in the canonical solution operator to restricted to -forms with holomorphic coefficients is a Hilbert-Schmidt operator. In the sequel we give a direct proof of the last statement using orthonormal bases and show that in the case of the polydisc and the unit ball in 1,$"> the corresponding operator fails to be a Hilbert-Schmidt operator. We also indicate a connection with the theory of Hankel operators.