低交换量大孔弱碱树脂的合成、表征及其对绞股蓝皂甙的吸附性能

为筛选适用于天然皂甙分离纯化的吸附树脂,以高交联聚苯乙烯型大孔树脂S-008(Ⅰ)为原料,经氯甲基化和胺化反应,合成了低交换量弱碱树脂(Ⅱ—Ⅴ)。然后,对其结构进行了表征,测定了它们对绞股蓝皂甙的吸附性能。结果说明,胺化试剂与反应条件影响产物树脂的结构,并进而影响产物树脂对绞股蓝皂甙的吸附性能。     

叔胺弱碱树脂的强度研究

研究了影响苯乙烯系叔胺弱碱性阴离子交换树脂性能的诸因素．提出了经二甲胺胺化 后所形成的胺基桥是影响树脂强度的主要原因的观点．用磷酸一渗磨圆球率方法对树脂进行强 度检验,使强度数据更为可靠．     

氧化叔胺树脂的合成及其对苯酚的吸附性能研究

将D301树脂的叔胺基氧化，合成了大孔交联氧化叔胺树脂．比较D301树脂与氧化叔胺树脂对正己烷溶液中和水溶液苯酚的吸附性能，发现氧化叔胺树脂对苯酚的吸附量比D301树脂的有明显的增加．为弄清吸附量增加的原因，根据氧化叔胺树脂对正己烷溶液中苯酚的吸附等温线，利用热力学函数关系计算了等量吸附焓、吸附Gibbs自由能和吸附熵，发现叔胺树脂氧化后，与苯酚的相互作用和吸附的自发倾向增强，但吸附过程仍为氢键吸附．     

胺类萃淋树脂吸萃金(Ⅲ)性能及萃合物组成研究

研究了三种胺类萃淋树脂（季胺7402-Cl、叔胺7301-Cl、伯胺1923-Cl）吸萃金的性能,确定了三种树脂吸萃金的最佳条件,比较了各种树脂吸萃金的最大吸萃容量。分别用饱和吸萃法、离子分析法、电导法、IR、UV法,推测出负栽树脂上吸萃物的组成为R（H）：AuCl4^-=1：1的离子缔合物,吸萃机理为配阴离子交换机理。     

新型双马来酰亚胺—二烯丙基双酚A共聚树脂的合成及性能研究

在叔胺的催化作用下，合成了一类含芳醚结构的新型二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺－二烯丙基双酚Ａ共聚树脂，与未用催化剂时合成的共聚树脂相比，该树脂具有更优良的贮存稳定性和热稳定性，耐热温度指数达２１４～２３８℃而固化性能相似。     

脱氢枞胺键合交联聚苯乙烯树脂的制备

运用高分子反应法，制备脱氢枞胺键合交联聚苯乙烯树脂，反应分三步进行：醚化反应，双键环氧化和脱氢枞胺与环氧基开环反应，探讨了每一步合成的最佳工艺条件，通过红外光谱对该功能高分子进行了结构表征，并对该合成产物进行对映体分离的初步应用。     

聚苯乙烯型双季铵树脂的制备及性能研究

三乙烯二胺和四甲基乙二胺与氯甲基聚苯乙烯反应,得到同时含有季铵和叔胺的强-弱碱型树脂,再用碘甲烷季铵化叔胺,制备聚苯乙烯双季铵树脂;另一种方法是将二甲基苄胺型叔胺树脂用4-溴丁基三甲基溴化铵季铵化引入4碳链双季铵基团。反应结果表明,两类强弱碱基树脂的季铵化反应结果并不理想,二甲基苄胺型叔胺树脂季铵化反应的转化率最高为36%。考察了这些新型双季铵树脂的热稳定性及对水溶液中有机酸(如苯磺酸和对-硝基苯乙酸)的吸附、脱附性能。     

反应温度对弱碱树脂交换容量的影响

本文探讨了用二甲胺胺化的大孔弱碱性阴离子交换树脂，在胺化过程中，不同的反应温度对树脂强碱基因含量及全交换容量的影响．     

二(β-氨基乙基)胺型聚苯乙烯树脂的合成和性能研究

以二乙烯三胺和氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂微球为起始原料,通过伯胺保护、树脂胺化、脱保护等3个步骤,合成了以二(β-氨基乙基)胺为功能基的聚苯乙烯树脂,分析了该树脂的结构,研究了其对Cu2+的螯合性能。与二乙烯三胺型树脂相比,本文合成的树脂具有吸附速度快、吸附容量大,脱附完全,易于重复使用等优点,对Cu2+吸附量达2.42mmol/g,脱附率为99.8%,吸附-脱附3次后,活性仍达95.0%。     

REM树脂的制备及亲核加成应用研究

用Mitsunobu反应及丙烯酰氯酰化反应制备了用于固相有机合成的载体REM树脂，将REM树脂与苄胺加成，考查了所合成REM树脂的反应性能，并通过元素分析测定氮含量，推出REM树脂的烯丙基固载量。利用所合成的REM树脂进行了与胺、酚的加成反应动力学研究。结果表明，REM树脂与脂肪族伯胺和促胺的加成反应能够进行，与苯胺不发生反应；REM树脂与酚不能发生亲核加成反应。     

Studies of aminolysis of acrylonitrile–divinylbenzene–methyl methacrylate copolymers

Aminolysis of nitrilacrylate–divinylbenzene–methyl methacrylate copolymers by diethylenetriamine is studied under various conditions. The effect of temperature and catalyst concentration on the properties of synthesized anion exchangers depending on the duration of aminolysis is investigated. The conditions for synthesizing anion exchangers with high capacity characteristics are proposed according to the study results.     

Synthesis of Polyanionic Cellulose Carbamates by Homogeneous Aminolysis in an Ionic Liquid/DMF Medium

Polyanionic cellulose carbamates were synthesized by rapid and efficient homogeneous aminolysis of cellulose carbonate half-esters in an ionic liquid/DMF medium. Cellulose bis-2,3-O-(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate), as a model compound, reacted with different chloroformates to cellulose carbonates. These intermediates were subjected to aminolysis, for which both the reactivity of different chloroformates towards C6-OH and the reactivity/suitability of the respective carbonate half-ester in the aminolysis were comprehensively studied. Phenyl chloroformate and 4-chlorophenyl chloroformate readily reacted with C6-OH of the model cellulose derivative, while 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate did not. The intermediate 4-chlorophenyl carbonate derivative with the highest DS (1.05) was then used to evaluate different aminolysis pathways, applying three different amines (propargyl amine, β-alanine, and taurine) as reactants. The latter two zwitterionic compounds are only sparingly soluble in pure DMF as the typical reaction medium for aminolysis; therefore, several alternative procedures were suggested, carefully evaluated, and critically compared. Solubility problems with β-alanine and taurine were overcome by the binary solvent system DMF/[EMIM]OAc (1:1, v/v), which was shown to be a promising medium for rapid and efficient homogeneous aminolysis and for the preparation of the corresponding cellulose carbamate derivatives or other compounds that are not accessible by conventional isocyanate chemistry. The zwitterionic cellulose carbamate derivatives presented in this work could be promising chiral cation exchangers for HPLC enantiomer separations.     

新型交联烯丙基葡聚精离子交换剂的合成和性能

本文以N，N’－甲叉双丙烯酰胺交联的烯丙基葡萄聚糖凝胶（CADB）为基体，分别合成了其羧甲基和二乙基氨基乙基两种衍生物，作为分离生物大分子的离子交换剂。研究了合成中诸因素的影响，并对其性能进行了测试。产品的全交换量分别为2．5～3．5mmol／g（CMCADB）和1．2～2．0mmol／g（DEAE－CADB）。     

N-取代甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成——苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物与羟基胺氨解反应的研究

通过苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯(St-MMA)共聚物与羟基胺氨解反应,进行线型可溶和交联不溶的两种N-取代甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成。线型可溶性共聚物是将St-MMA聚合所得的产物进行氨解得到;交联小球是通过使St-MMA-DVB悬浮聚合产物氨解制备。为得到具有适度亲水性的共聚物,考察了氨解条件;用元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振谱证实发生了氨解反应。实验结果表明,通过控制共聚物的组成比,交联度和氨解度,以期获得具有预想亲水程度的甲基丙烯酰胺共聚物。     

含磺酸,羧酸双功能基树脂对混合氨基酸的分离性能研究

对苯乙烯-丙烯腈-二乙烯基苯(S/AN/DVB)交联共聚机理研究曾发现,丙烯腈作为第三单体,可使DVB竞聚率比在S/DVB共聚体系中降低,相互分离显著,从而有利于合成性能较好的离子交换树脂;本文在此基础上,将S/AN/DVB共聚体中的氰基水解成羧基来合成含磺酸、羧酸双功能基树脂,解决了前人研究中仅有50％的氰基水解成羧基的问题,并首次将这种树脂应用于混合氨基酸的分离。     

Ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography of nucleotides and polypeptides on new types of ion-exchange sorbents, based on polystyrene-coated silicas.

A novel type of ion exchanger was prepared by multipoint covalent binding of polystyrene chains onto the surface of porous silica followed by polymer-analogous modification of the bonded layer. Both anion and cation exchangers were synthesized and examined in the separation of nucleotides and proteins. Rapid and efficient separation of basic polypeptides on strong anion exchangers and that of acidic polypeptides on strong cation exchangers could be achieved. For the separation of complete mixtures of polypeptides the application of zwitter-ionic ion exchangers can be recommended.     

Preparation of Organic-Inorganic Composite Adsorbent Beads for Removal of Radionuclides and Heavy Metal Ions

Composite ion exchanger beads were prepared to remove the strontium and silver ions in acidic solution. Potassium titanate and nickelferrocyanate powder, which are acid resistant inorganic ion exchangers were synthesized and then mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) binder to form a PAN-potassium titanate and a PAN-nickelferrocyanate composite ion exchanger beads. Spherical composite beads could be obtained by adjusting the viscosities of the composite dope in the range of 700–1000 cP. The composite beads porosities such as macropore volume and pore size were increased in proportion to the contents of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) which was used as the porosity modifying chemical. The synthesized composite ion exchangers were evaluated on their adsorption characteristics for the Ag¹ and Sr²¹ ion solutions of pH 2.     

Synthesis and Physicochemical Study of Polyfunctional Ion Exchangers Based on Dextramine Waste from Levomycetin Production

New polyfunctional anion exchangers are synthesized from dextramine (waste from levomycetin production) by condensation of its glycidyl ethers with certain polyamines. The polycondensation conditions are optimized, and physicochemical properties of the resulting ion exchangers are studied.     

3]rotaxane synthesized via covalent bond formation can recognize cations forming a sandwich structure

A novel [3]rotaxane composed of two 25-membered crownophanes and one axle molecule having two anthryl end groups was successfully synthesized via covalent bond formation followed by aminolysis, and can incorporate caesium ion into the space between the two macrocycles as a 1 : 1 sandwich-type complex, whereas it makes a 1 : 2 complex with lithium ion.     

Epichlorohydrin-Based Polyfunctional Ion Exchangers

Polyfunctional polyelectrolytes were synthesized by polycondensation of epichlorohydrin oligomer in the presence of allyl bromide. The polycondensation conditions were optimized, and composition and the properties of the resulting ion exchangers were studied.