新型光电技术将改变潜艇作战

潜艇执行水上监视任务需要能在桅杆出水几秒钟内获取完整水上图像的先进光学／光电传感器。潜艇利用光学瞄准具和光电桅杆仔细探测和分辨难以辨认的目标或那些在远距离上通过协同或非协同的方式使用杂波有限弹道的目标。Kollmorgen光电公司、Zeiss Optronik公司和Thales光电公司等专业公司正在生产潜艇光电桅杆系统。其中，Thales公司为将多光谱成像传感器引入潜艇和将潜望镜传感器数据集成到潜艇作战系统铺平了道路。美国光电系统领域的专业公司Kollmorgen公司为包括阿根廷（2艘TR1700型SANTA CRUZ级潜艇）、荷兰（4艘WALRUS级潜艇）和意大利（装备6艘SAURO级潜艇）在内的世界范围用户提供各种先进的光电桅杆系统。     

基于光电校正惯性导航系统的光电桅杆方位角度的修正

针对驻车情况下光电桅杆系统的工作特殊环境,提出基于光电校正INS的光电桅杆方位角度修正方法。采用光电系统定时瞄准某一固定目标,获得参考方位角修正光电系统中惯性导航系统(INS)的方位角误差,然后采用该误差修正INS的方位角,实现抑制INS的方位角误差发散,提高长时间工作情况下光电系统方位角精度。实验表明,在桅杆摆动造成光电系统瞄准目标时的等效方位角误差为0.06°的情况下,以STIM300作为IMU的INS,采用提出的修正方案在60 min内的方位角误差为0.059°,而没有进行修正时在31 min内的误差发散到1.14°。     

90年代现代潜艇潜望镜的发展

本文综述潜艇潜望镜的发展,重点论述９０年代现代光电潜望镜和光电桅杆的技术特点及其典型产品。     

光电桅杆水动力作用下的模态分析

通过对光电桅杆在复杂海洋工况下的水动力学分析,得到了光电桅杆的相关力学参数。在理论分析的基础上,通过对光电桅杆进行有限元模型的建立、材料定义、加载和求解,分析了光电桅杆在受到复杂水动力作用下的静态受力变形和动态固有频率和固有振型,为桅杆的最优化设计提供了设计依据。     

车载升降桅杆系统的关键技术思考

为提高车载光电系统的作用距离,设计了一种升降式桅杆,采取液压驱动和机械传动相结合的复合传动形式,桅杆采用方形结构,长宽比控制在1∶20之内,采用硬铝合金材料,壁厚不小于3mm,桅杆最大升起高度10m,升起或降下时间1min,最大负重200kg。分析了桅杆的载荷能力、抗风特性和振动特性,给出了一种无滑环发条式收线装置,适合桅杆上下多路光电信号和电源电压传输。     

振动对潜望式光电仪器影响的数理分析

潜望式光电仪器具有细长桅杆的典型外形,对因桅杆振动所导致的瞄准线通过俯仰反射镜折转后在成像靶面上的移动量进行了分析计算,讨论了像点的移动对成像质量的影响,并提出了一些改善其观测效果的措施。     

书讯

《潜艇光电技术》将于2007年3月由哈尔滨工程大学出版社出版。本书以潜艇潜望镜为主线，从研究设计的角度，介绍了潜艇光电装备的类别、用途、工作原理，并较为详细地介绍了与此相关联的一些基础技术；安装和动态环境条件的影响、结构总体技术、光学设计技术、电气控制技术、测距技术、红外热像技术、动态基座上光电设备的图像稳定原理；本书还从总体的角度专门介绍了国内外正在大力发展的光电桅杆与光电浮标技术、水下光电成像探测技术、潜用与舰用天文导航定位定向的原理与相关技术。     

一种新的光电设备方位角度检测方法

针对工作在静座桅杆条件下的光电设备,提出一种低成本的方位角度检测方法。采用2个倾角仪检测光电设备的俯仰轴和倾斜轴的角速度,用1个陀螺检测光电设备的方位轴角速度,完成光电设备方位角度变化量的解算。在已知初始方位角度的情况下,获取光电设备的实时方位角度值。实验表明,采用0.01的倾角仪和零偏稳定性为0.015/h的激光陀螺,方位精度达到0.009。     

基于姿态测量的光电桅杆侦察方法

描述了一种用于桅杆式光电系统的侦察定位方法,采用单一陀螺和双轴倾角传感器组合,替代三轴正交的陀螺仪,对光电设备进行姿态测量;结合惯性导航设备获得的大地北向、激光测距机获得的目标相对距离、卫星定位设备获得的本地坐标,通过坐标系转换,能够准确获得目标的大地坐标。试验结果表明:通过该方法获得的系统定向精度达到0.3 mil,目标的定位精度优于10 m(CEP)。     

舰船光电系统技术及其演进方向

21世纪是光电技术发展的新时代.随着新一代信息技术的发展,以及人工智能、无人平台的广泛应用,光电技术在军事上的作用日益突出.与陆军、空军以及其他军兵种的光电系统相比,海军舰船光电系统有其突出的特点.结合近六十年来舰船光电系统的发展,介绍了舰船光电系统的概念与分类,简述了舰船光电系统的主要传感器、系统研制开发中的关键技术...     

Development of mast cells

Mast cells are progeny of the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell (MHSC). Mast cell-committed progenitors (MCPs) leave hematopoietic tissues, migrate in peripheral blood, invade to connective or mucosal tissue, proliferate and differentiate to morphologically identifiable mast cells. Phenotype of mast cells (connective tissue-type or mucosal type) is determined by the site of lodgment of MCPs. Most progeny of the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell lose proliferation potential after maturation, but connective tissue-type mast cells (CTMCs) possess appreciable proliferation potential after maturation. Even after functioning by degranulation, CTMCs proliferate and restore the original morphology. The most important cytokine for development and survival of mast cells is KIT ligand, and the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed through the whole developmental process of mast cells from MHSC to mature mast cells. The loss-of-function mutation of KIT gene results in depletion of mast cells, whereas its gain-of-function mutation causes mast cell tumors. Since mast cells are involved in various disease processes, intervention in development of mast cells might be beneficial to the treatment.     

Estimation of the lightning strike incidence of free-standing masts

An efficient method is proposed in this paper for estimating the lightning strike incidence of free-standing masts. In the proposed method, the attractive volume is defined to describe the lightning attraction characteristic of the mast. Its border is determined from the interception condition of the upward leader to the downward leader. Introducing the modified formula allows the mast height dependency to be included in the evaluation of the striking distance. An integral is performed on the attractive surface to obtain the equivalent exposure area of the mast, with the stochastic distribution of approach angle of the downward leader taken into account. Then, the annual strike incidence is calculated for various mast heights. To confirm the validity of the proposed method, a comparison is made between calculated results and empirical formulas.     

集成芯片LED场地照明灯新型叠片散热器热分析

针对大功率LED场地照明集成芯片散热问题,提出了一种新型散热器结构。该散热器利用高导热纯铝材料,采用叠片的方式成型。采用实验和有限元模拟相结合的研究方法,对包括直流电源的新型叠片式LED散热器的散热性能进行了研究。结果表明：LED电源达到稳态所需时间较长,最终能够稳定在一个较低的温度范围。叠片式纯铝散热器通过增加散热面积和提高散热器材料的导热系数能有效降低LED结温。所设计的散热器和选择的电源在自然对流条件下能够很好地满足250 W大功率LED散热要求。     

Assessment of Submarine Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Satellite Communication

This communication examines the theoretical basis for estimating the maximum gain of proposed millimeter-wave antenna systems when the space available for such antennas in the submarine mast is fixed. Limits derived in Harrington's classic paper are found to be applicable. The role of the gain-bandwidth product in assessing the system performance is also discussed.     

Pulse Sensing of a Forest Canopy

Results of experimental investigations into the effects arising in the detection and ranging of the earth's forest cover with the use of pulse ultrabroadband radio-frequency radiation are described. A narrow-beam transmitting and receiving antennas oriented at a sliding angle to the forest canopy were mounted on a special mast at an altitude of 21 m above the ground. A corner-cube reflector was used to align and to calibrate the measurement system. The results obtained are compared with the data of independent biometric measurements.     

Periodically poled potassium niobate for second-harmonic generation at 463 nm

We report on the fabrication and characterization of quasi-phase-matched potassium niobate crystals for second-harmonic generation. Periodic 30-mum -pitch antiparallel ferroelectric domains are fabricated by means of poling in an electrical field. Both birefrigence and periodic phase shift of the generated second harmonic contribute to phase matching when the d(31) nonlinear optical tensor element is used. 3.8 mW of second-harmonic radiation at 463 nm is generated by frequency doubling of the output of master-oscillator power-amplifier diode laser in a 5-mm-long crystal. The measured effective nonlinear coefficient is 3.7pm/V. The measured spectral acceptance bandwidth of 0.25 nm corresponds to the theoretical value.