Solid–liquid metastable equilibria in the quaternary system Li2SO4 + MgSO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O at T = 263.15 K

Solubility in the liquid–solid metastable system Li₂SO₄ + MgSO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O at T = 263.15 K was studied using the isothermal evaporation method. Based on experimental data, dry-salt phase and water-phase diagrams of the system were plotted. The dry-salt phase diagram of the system includes one three-salt co-saturation point, three metastable solubility isotherm curves, and three crystallization regions corresponding to lithium sulphate monohydrate (Li₂SO₄·H₂O), epsomite (MgSO₄·7H₂O), and mirabilite (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O). Neither a solid solution nor double salts were found. Based on the extended Harvie–Weare (HW) model and its temperature-dependent equation, the values of the Pitzer parameters β⁽⁰⁾, β⁽¹⁾, β⁽²⁾, and C^Φ for Li₂SO₄, MgSO₄, and Na₂SO₄, the mixed ion-interaction parameters θ_Li,Na, θ_Li,Mg, θ_Na,Mg, ΨLi,Na,SO₄${\Psi }_{\text{Li,Na,S}{\text{O}}_4}$, ΨLi,Mg,SO₄${\Psi }_{\text{Li,Mg,S}{\text{O}}_4}$, and ΨNa,Mg,SO₄${\Psi }_{\text{Na,Mg,S}{\text{O}}_4}$, and the Debye–Hückel parameter A^Φ in the quaternary system at 263.15 K were obtained. The solubility of the quaternary system Li₂SO₄ + MgSO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O at T = 263.15 K was also calculated. A comparison between the calculated and experimental results shows that the predicted solubility agrees well with experimental data.     

MgO-B2O3-28%MgCl2-H2O体系0℃热力学非平衡态相图

采用结晶动力学方法对MgO-B₂O₃-28%MgCl₂-H₂O体系0℃时过饱和溶液的结晶过程进行了研究，结晶析出固相通过化学分析确定了组成，并用X-射线粉末衍射和红外光谱等对其进行了表征。给出了该体系0℃时的热力学非平衡态相图。该相图有4个相区，分别与H₃BO₃、MgO·3B₂O₃·7.5H₂O、2MgO·2B₂O₃·MgCl₂·14H₂O和3Mg(OH)₂·MgCl₂·8H₂O相对应。     

四元体系Na2B4O7-Na2CO3-NaHCO3-NaBO2-H2O等温溶度研究(0℃和15℃)

本文首次测定了四元体系Na2B4O7-Na2CO3-NaHCO3-NaBO2-H2O在0℃和15℃时的等温溶度和溶液的折光率,绘制了相应的溶度图。在0－15℃时,该四元体系为简单体系,对应4个组分盐或其水合物有4个单胞和结晶区、5条双饱和结晶线和2个三饱和点。     

NaCl与Hg0对V2O5-WO3/TiO2SCR脱硝催化剂的协同作用研究

制备了纳米级V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂脱硝催化剂,采用浸渍法模拟催化剂NaCl中毒,吸附法模拟单质汞Hg⁰作用于催化剂,运用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积分析(BET)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(FT-IR)等技术表征分析了NaCl和Hg⁰对催化剂性能的影响。同时,结合已有的研究分析,提出两者对催化剂的作用机理。实验结果表明,NaCl的添加会造成催化剂表面团聚黏结,催化剂比表面积减小,且NaCl负载量越大,对催化剂毒害作用越大。Na会中和催化剂的Brønsted酸性位(V-OH),最终形成-V-O-Na及Cl-V-O-Na,造成催化剂失活。Hg⁰对催化剂的表面形貌及物相组成没有影响,并主要通过吸附在催化剂的V活性位上使其脱硝性能有所减弱。当NaCl和Hg⁰同时存在时,吸附的Hg会与NaCl中引入的Cl结合,形成HgCl、HgCl₂,并部分取代-Na,最终形成-V-O…Hg及-V-O-Hg-Cl。     

Cu0/Cu2+修饰Ti3C2Tx二维材料用于电催化还原二氧化碳

以Ti₃AlC₂和CuCl₂·2H₂O为前驱体,成功制备了Cu⁰纳米颗粒修饰和Cu²⁺自插层的手风琴状二维催化剂Cu⁰/Cu²⁺-Ti₃C₂T_x,用于电催化还原CO₂。对材料的电化学性能进行了测试,结果表明,在CO₂饱和的0.5 mol/L KHCO₃电解液中,与原始的Ti₃AlC₂相比,Cu²⁺/Cu⁰-Ti3C2Tx催化剂电催化CO₂转化为乙烯(C₂H₄)的起始电位从-0.65 V(vsRHE)降至-0.01 V(vs RHE),最大电流密度从0.19 mA/cm²增至2.50 mA/cm²     

PO43-掺杂Bi2O2CO3/Bi0的制备及其可见光催化性能

构建氧空位以及附着金属单质Bi(Bi⁰)是增强半导体材料光吸收性能、促进半导体光生载流子分离的有效方法。通过简单的共沉淀法及氢气热还原成功制备了PO₄^3-掺杂Bi₂O₂CO₃附着Bi⁰(Bi-P-BOC)的可见光催化剂,并对其在可见光下催化降解氧氟沙星(OFX)的性能及机理进行了研究。材料表征结果表明BOC随着PO₄^3-的均匀掺杂,可见光吸收能力增强,表面缺陷增多,比表面积增大。而随着氢气热还原,BOC表面形成 Bi⁰的同时也原位构建了大量的氧空位。可见光催化性能测试表明,Bi-P-BOC可以在180 min内降解约85%的OFX,降解速率为0.013 0 min^-1,是BOC降解速率的8倍。Bi-P-BOC光催化降解机理表明其具有更好的可见光吸收能力,Bi⁰以及氧空位的存在促进了光生载流子的分离,h+是其光催化降解过程中的主要的活性氧物种(ROS),此外,¹O₂和·O₂^-也对降解有一定贡献。     

PO43-掺杂Bi2O2CO3/Bi0的制备及其可见光催化性能

构建氧空位以及附着金属单质Bi(Bi⁰)是增强半导体材料光吸收性能、促进半导体光生载流子分离的有效方法。通过简单的共沉淀法及氢气热还原成功制备了PO₄^3-掺杂Bi₂O₂CO₃附着Bi⁰(Bi-P-BOC)的可见光催化剂,并对其在可见光下催化降解氧氟沙星(OFX)的性能及机理进行了研究。材料表征结果表明BOC随着PO₄^3-的均匀掺杂,可见光吸收能力增强,表面缺陷增多,比表面积增大。而随着氢气热还原,BOC表面形成Bi⁰的同时也原位构建了大量的氧空位。可见光催化性能测试表明,Bi-P-BOC可以在180 min内降解约85%的OFX,降解速率为0.013 0 min^-1,是BOC降解速率的8倍。Bi-P-BOC光催化降解机理表明其具有更好的可见光吸收能力,Bi⁰以及氧空位的存在促进了光生载流子的分离,h⁺是其...     

新型层状磷酸铝[Al6P8O32][(C2H5)2NHCH2CH2NH3]2·[C2H5NH2CH2CH2NH2C2H5] 的合成、表征及其共模板作用

在溶剂热体系中,以N,N-二乙基乙二胺为结构导向剂,合成了Al/P为3/4的层状磷酸铝[Al6P8O32][(C2H5)2NHCH2CH2NH3]2·[C2H5NH2CH2CH2NH2C2H5]单晶,并通过X射线单晶衍射结构分析.XRD,ICP,元素分析,差热-热重分析等手段进行了表征.该化合物属单斜晶系,P2(1)/c空间群,晶胞参数:a=0.90945(2)nm,b=1.46424(4)nm,c=1.87572(5)nm,β=102.672(2)°,Z=4.其阴离子层由AlO4四面体和PO3(=O)四面体单元交替连接构成,形成四、六、八元环拓扑结构,无机层以ABAB方式堆积,两种质子化的有机胺分子N,N-二乙基乙二胺及其重排产物N,N′-二乙基乙二胺填充在层间.用分子动力学模拟方法,考察了标题化合物中有机胺与无机层间的相互作用,讨论了这两种有机胺的共模板作用.     

[(NH2CH2CH2NH3)2WⅥO2(NHC6H4NH)2]2(NH2CH2CH2NH2)·H2O配合物的合成与晶体结构

Cis-dioxo-tungsten(Ⅵ) complex, (NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂)[(NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₃)₂W^ⅥO₂(NHC₆H₄NH)₂]₂·H₂O is synthesized at room temperature by the reaction of sodium tungstate with o-phenylenediamine. The crystal structure of complex was determined by X-ray diffraction structural analysis. The results show that complex belongs to monoclinic system with space group P2₁/ c, a=0.712 8(2) nm, b=3.081 1(10) nm, c=0.981 9(3) nm, β=102.615(4)°, V=2.104 4(11) nm³, Z=2, μ=55.26 cm^-1, F(000)=1 176. Compared the complex with its analogous biomimetic complexes of the cofactor of molybdoenzymes and tungstoenzymses, it is found that the variance of the coordination atoms and the metal ions center have no influence on the coordination feature, and exhibits distored octahedral coordination with cis-dioxo o-phenylenediamine. CCDC: 252834.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

Gas-sensing properties of Fe2−xTixO3+γ (x = 0–1.4)

As part of a systematic study of mechanisms of response of semiconducting oxides as trace gas sensors, we have explored the behaviour of iron–titanium oxide solid solutions Fe_2−xTi_xO₃ (x = 0.1–1.4). The materials were single-phase for x = 0.1 with increasing proportions of a pseudobrookite second phase at higher degree of substitution. Unmodified, pure iron oxide does not show sensitivity to CO. A significant signal was developed for x = 0.1, that then diminished with increasing x and was lost for x = 1.4. Three effects have been deduced important for the gas response: significant surface segregation of Ti at low Ti content; grain growth inhibition and agglomeration into more massive, non-porous lumps as Ti content increased; and the appearance of a band-gap state associated with Fe(II) at higher Ti content. The effects of microstructure change have been analyzed by fitting the data to a simple 2-resistor model of gas-insensitive ‘grains’ in series with gas-sensitive ‘grain boundaries’. A Mars–van Krevelen type model for the response is presented, based on reactions at surface-segregated defect clusters, to develop and remove electrically-active surface trap states.     

Solubility in the NaClO3 · 2CO(NH2)2-NH2CH2CH2OH-H2O system

The solubility in the NaClO₃ · 2CO(NH₂)₂-NH₂CH₂CH₂OH-H₂O system was studied over the range from the complete solidification temperature (−54.8°C) to 60°C. A polythermal solubility diagram was constructed where the regions of crystallization of ice, carbamide, sodium dicarbamidochlorate, monoethanolamine dihydrate, monoethanolamine monohydrate, and anhydrous monoethanolamine were demarcated. The system is a simple eutonic.     

Mechanistic studies on reaction of [ReH4(η-H2)(Cyttp)] with ketones to give the hydrido-oxo complex [ReH2(O)(Cyttp)] (Cyttp = PhP(CH2CH2CH2PCy2)2)

Mechanistic studies were conducted on reaction of [ReH₄(η²-H₂)(Cyttp)]OTf (1(OTf); Cyttp = PhP(CH₂CH₂CH₂PCy₂)₂, OTf = O₃SCF₃) with ketones, both neat and in solution. Treatment of 1(OTf) with excess acetone at 60-65 °C affords [ReH₂(O)(Cyttp)]OTf (2(OTf)) in high yield, nearly 1 equiv. of H₂, 2 equiv. of 2-propanol, 1 equiv. of each of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (B) and 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one (C), and smaller amounts of other organic products derived by condensation or related reactions of acetone. The presence of C, apparently arising by dehydration of B, points to the formation of 1 equiv. of H₂O in the reaction system. Use of acetone-d₆ in conjunction with 1(OTf) gives 2(OTf) containing no deuterium, as well as 1 equiv. of each of (CD₃)₂CHOH/OD and (CD₃)₂CDOD/OH. Reactions of 1(OTf) with cyclohexanone, including cyclohexanone-2,2,6,6-d₄, under comparable conditions, give analogous results. The ketones cyclopentanone, 2-butanone, and 3-pentanone also convert 1(OTf) to 2(OTf) upon heating, as does isobutyraldehyde, but only in the presence of the stabilizer BHT. In contrast, the more robust ketones 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone, and 2-adamantanone, which do not undergo condensation, failed to effect this transformation. Other organooxygen compounds, i.e., methanol, cyclohexanol, 1,2-butene oxide, cyclohexene oxide, DMSO, and Me₃NO, also are ineffective. A mechanism is proposed which begins with loss of H₂ by 2 to give a 16-electron “[ReH₄(Cyttp)]⁺” which, depending on the experimental conditions, binds a solvent or ligand molecule. A [ReH₄(R₂CO)(Cyttp)]⁺ intermediate generated in this manner reacts spontaneously by elimination of R₂CHOH (containing methine hydrogen even when deuteriated ketone is used), which results from transfer of two hydride ligands to coordinated ketone. Continued reaction leads to the formation of 2 and another molecule of R₂CHOH (containing methine deuterium when deuteriated ketone is employed), with the added hydrogens coming from H₂O, which derives from solvent/reactant ketone.     

Synthesis and structure of the monometallic cationic complex [Cp(CO)2Fe{η-(CH2CHCH2CH3)}]PF6 (Cp = η-C5H5)

The bimetallic carbocation complex [{Cp(CO)₂Fe}₂(μ-C₄H₇)]PF₆ reacted with trifluoroacetic acid to give the mononuclear cationic complex [Cp(CO)₂Fe{η²-(CH₂CHCH₂CH₃)}]PF₆, which formed yellow orthorhombic crystals in the space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a = 7.652(4), b = 13.422(7), c = 14.037(7); α = β = γ = 90.00 and Z = 4. The carbocation is coordinated to the metal in a η²-fashion forming a chiral metallacyclopropane type structure. The β-CH carbon (C9) is disordered over two positions (C9A and C9B), each having about 50% occupancy. This is attributed to there being both the R and S enantioface isomers in equal amounts in the crystal sample. NMR data indicate that the metallacyclopropane structure observed in the solid state is preserved in solution.     

Effect of solvent on reactions of Cp2Zr{(μ-H)2BHR}2 and Cp2ZrH{(μ-H)2BHR} (R = CH3, Ph) with B(C6F5)3

The effect that a solvent has on reactions of Cp₂Zr{(μ-H)₂BHR}₂ and Cp₂ZrH{(μ-H)₂BHR} (R = CH₃, Ph) with B(C₆F₅)₃ has been studied. From the reaction in benzene the metathesis product Cp₂Zr{(μ-H)₂B(C₆F₅)₂}₂, 2, was isolated. In the case of diethyl ether, different hydride abstraction products, including [Cp₂Zr(OEt₂){(μ-H)₂BHPh}][HB(C₆F₅)₃], 3, [Cp₂Zr(OEt₂){(μ-H)₂BHCH₃}][HB(C₆F₅)₃], 4, [Cp₂Zr(OEt₂){(μ-H)₂BH₂}][HB(C₆F₅)₃], 5, and [Cp₂Zr(OEt)(OEt₂)][HB(C₆F₅)₃], 6, were isolated depending on the starting zirconocene complex. The diethyl ether molecules of 3-6 are weakly coordinated to Zr and displaced in THF solution. Isolation of 3 and 4 is attributed to their fast precipitation from the reaction mixture, which prevented further reactions from occurring. In addition to the hydride abstraction, a hydride metathesis was also involved in the formation of 5. Time-elapsed ¹¹B NMR studies indicate that 3 and 4 are the intermediates on the pathway to 5 and 6. The molecular structures of 2-6 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Li2O-Na2O-B2O3-SiO2烧结助剂对BaAl2Si2O8陶瓷结构与介电性能的影响

采用传统固相反应工艺,按化学计量比合成BaO-Al_2O3-SiO_2(BAS)-x%(w/w) Li_2O-Na_2O-B_2O3-SiO_2(LNBS)(x=0,1,2,3,4)陶瓷。研究不同LNBS烧结助剂添加量对BAS系微波介质陶瓷的结构和介电性能的影响。通过Clausius-Mossotti公式计算讨论了BAS理论与实验介电常数(εr)的差异。研究结果表明:LNBS烧结助剂中Li+进入钡长石Al3+位或单四元环(S4R)间隙,并产生了O_2-空位或Ba2+空位,从而促进BAS六方相向单斜相的转变。添加适量的LNBS烧结助剂后,BAS陶瓷的烧结温度从1 400℃降低到1 325℃,同时BAS陶瓷样品密度、品质因数(Qf)值以及频率温度系数(τf)得到改善。当x=1,烧结温度为1 325℃时,可获得综合性能相对较好的BAS陶瓷,其介电性能:Qf=35 199 GHz,εr=6.37,τf=-1.613×10-5℃-1。     

SO2F2/H2O2/碱和硫醚的氧化反应

考察了一种新型高效的氧化体系SO₂F₂/H₂O₂/碱应用于硫醚的氧化反应,结果以良好到优秀的收率生成了相应的产物砜.对该反应中碱和溶剂进行了优化,确定了最优的反应条件.对底物普适性进行了研究,实验结果表明该氧化体系显示了良好的官能团耐受性.该氧化体系的一个突出的优点是,所使用的试剂都为无机物,反应后副产物为易溶于水的无机盐和水,后处理时易于除去,从而大大简化了产物的分离和纯化.     

Facile synthesis and X-ray structures of (η-C5Me5)Ti(OAr)3 (OAr = OC6F5, OCH2C6F5, and OCH2C6F2H3)

New half-sandwich titanocene complexes (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Ti(OC₆F₅)₃ (1), (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Ti(OCH₂C₆F₅)₃ (2), and (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Ti(OCH₂C₆F₂H₃)₃ (3) were synthesized via the displacement of methoxide ligands in (η⁵-C₅Me₅)Ti(OMe)₃ by the corresponding aryloxy or benzyloxy ligands. These compounds have been fully characterized by various spectroscopic methods including X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 has a distorted three-legged piano stool structure. However, complexes 2 and 3 have the chariot-like structure, where chariot means a two-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle. The π electron donation of oxygen atom to Ti center in complexes 1-3 is considerable.