非对称流场流分离-超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱用于过敏原蛋白表位筛选

应用非对称流场流分离（AF4）技术结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC-QTOF-MS）对过敏原蛋白表位进行筛选。将选择的过敏原蛋白（虾原肌球蛋白，TM）酶解后经UPLC-QTOF-MS分析，建立蛋白质肽谱。将TM酶解后的肽段与免疫球蛋白E混合孵育30 min，孵育过程中含有抗原表位的特异性肽段与免疫球蛋白E（IgE）结合，未结合的肽段仍留在溶液中。将孵育后的溶液进行AF4分离，已结合的肽段随IgE一起由出口流出，未结合的肽段透过分离通道膜，滤出至废液。收集出口流出的组分进行UPLC-QTOF-MS分析，与蛋白质肽谱匹配，找到特异性肽段，进而检测抗原表位。本研究扩展了非对称流场流分离技术的应用，对过敏原蛋白表位的检测进行了初步探索，为过敏原蛋白表位的研究提供了一种新的研究策略。     

Characterisation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation, dynamic light scattering, and size exclusion chromatography

Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFIFFF) was used to determine the hydrodynamic particle sizes, molar masses, and phase transition behaviour of various poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) samples synthesised by reversible addition--fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and conventional free radical polymerisation processes. The results were compared with corresponding data obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Agreement between the three methods was good except at higher molar masses, where the molar mass averages obtained by SEC were much lower than those obtained by AsFIFFF and light scattering. The aggregation of the polymers, which are thermally sensitive, was studied by DLS and AsFIFFF at various temperatures. In deionised water there was an abrupt change in the particle size due to phase separation at approximately equal to 32-35 degrees C. The critical temperatures determined by AsFIFFF were 3-5 degrees C higher than those obtained by DLS.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速测定水产品中25种药物残留

采用了一种高效基质脂肪吸附剂（EMR-Lipid）去除水产品基质中的脂肪和磷脂等杂质,利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法（UPLC-Q Orbitrap HRMS）的同时定性定量功能,建立了水产品中25种药物残留的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取,EMR-Lipid净化,同时加入3 g氯化钠和3 g无水硫酸钠进行盐析,采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以含0.1%（v/v）甲酸的乙腈溶液和0.1%（v/v）甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在加热电喷雾离子（HESI）源、全扫描/实时二级质谱扫描（Full MS/dd-MS²）监测模式下进行检测。结果表明,25种目标化合物的质量浓度与母离子峰面积间的线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.997;25种目标化合物的检出限为0.1~1.0 μg/kg,其平均加标回收率为70.1%~108.9%,相对标准偏差为2.1%~13.8%。该法具有操作简单快捷、灵敏度高等优点。     

改良QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速检测茶叶中95种除草剂残留

基于改良的QuEChERS方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱同时测定茶叶中95种常见除草剂残留量的定性定量方法。实验以回收率和色素清除效率为指标,通过评估多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）、石墨化炭黑（GCB）、N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）和甲苯等在前处理步骤中的影响,优化了经典QuEChERS方法,最终采用含1%（v/v）乙酸的乙腈-甲苯（9：1,v/v）溶液提取,结合12.5 mg GCB、12.5 mg MWCNTs和150 mg PSA混合吸附剂净化的前处理方法。采用Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱分离,在全扫描和自动触发二级质谱（Full MS/dd-MS²）模式下,用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱检测,基质匹配校准曲线定量。结果表明,茶叶中95种除草剂在3个加标水平下的回收率为63.3%~129.1%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.7%~15.2%。该法简便、灵敏、快速、假阳性率低,适用于茶叶等复杂植物基质样品中多种除草剂的定性定量分析。     

Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) by liquid chromatography with negative-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS): application to house dust

Eight polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners of primary interest to the US EPA were separated using reverse-phase liquid chromatography on an octadecylsilane column. BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209 were baseline-resolved under isocratic conditions in 92:8 methanol/water (v/v). Negative-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (NI-APPI) with a toluene dopant produced precursor ions corresponding to [M–Br+O]^– for the eight congeners studied. Each congener was quantified by tandem mass spectrometry through a unique multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transition. On-column limits of detection were between 2.4 and 27.8 pg for the eight congeners studied, with an intra-day method precision of 9%. The LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS method was validated for the analysis of the eight PBDE congeners in NIST SRM 2585 (Organics in House Dust). Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with subsequent LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS analysis afforded quantitative recovery for all eight PBDE congeners with recoveries ranging from 92.7 to 113%. The liquid-phase separation of the LC/NI-APPI/MS/MS method is not prone to the thermal degradation issues that plague splitless GC based analyses of highly brominated PBDEs such as BDE-209.     

液相色谱-同位素比质谱法同时测定葡萄酒中甘油和乙醇的δ13C值

采用液相色谱-同位素比质谱(LC-IRMS)技术建立了同时测定葡萄酒中甘油和乙醇δ13C值的分析方法。优化了葡萄酒中影响甘油和乙醇色谱分离的条件。方法的精密度和准确度分别为0.15‰~0.26‰和0.11‰~0.28‰。对40个葡萄酒样品进行了测定,甘油和乙醇的δ13 C值分别为-26.87‰~-32.96‰、-24.06‰~-28.29‰,两者具有较强的相关性(R=0.82)。该方法不需要复杂的样品预处理,在相同条件下同时测定甘油和乙醇的δ13C值,较传统方法简单、快速。     

微波辅助萃取-超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速测定食品接触塑料制品中48种污染物残留

利用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法（UPLC-Q Orbitrap HRMS）的同时定性定量功能,建立了食品接触塑料制品中48种污染物残留的检测方法。用甲醇提取目标化合物,经微波辅助萃取,采用CAPCELL PAK MG Ⅱ C18色谱柱（150 mm×2.0 mm,5 μm）分离,以0.04%（v/v）甲酸甲醇溶液和含0.04%（v/v）甲酸与20 mmol/L（v/v）乙酸铵的水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在加热电喷雾电离（HESI）源、全扫描/实时二级质谱（Full MS/dd-MS²）监测模式下进行检测。结果表明,48种目标化合物在各自范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）均≥ 0.9950;检出限为0.1~1.0 μg/kg;平均加标回收率为71.2%~108.8%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~11.8%（n=6）。该法具有操作简单快捷、灵敏度高等优点。     

超高效液相色谱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法同时测定塑料食品接触材料中光稳定剂和抗氧化剂的特定迁移量

建立了超高效液相色谱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱同时测定塑料食品接触材料中多种光稳定剂和抗氧化剂特定迁移量的方法。采用30 g/L乙酸、体积分数分别为10%、20%、50%的乙醇和油类模拟物(异辛烷)这5种食品模拟物对塑料食品接触材料进行处理,对处理液进行超高效液相色谱/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱分析,外标法定量。该方法测定的40种目标化合物在相应的范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,定量限为0.01~1.00μg/L。考察了上述5种食品模拟物中光稳定剂和抗氧化剂的特定迁移量,平均加标回收率为81.46%~94.53%,相对标准偏差为3.25%~9.99%。应用该方法对市售塑料食品接触材料进行了测定,结果在部分样品中检出了不同含量的光稳定剂和抗氧化剂。该方法灵敏度高,定量限低,满足塑料食品接触材料中光稳定剂和抗氧化剂特定迁移量的检测要求。     

2-(2-Phenyl-1H-phenanthro-[9,10-d]imidazole-1-yl)-acetic acid (PPIA) and its application for determination of amines by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and identification with mass spectroscopy/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

A simple, sensitive, and mild method for the determination of amino compounds based on a condensation reaction with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC·HCl) as the dehydrant with fluorescence detection has been developed. Amines were derivatized to their acidamides with labeling reagent 2-(2-phenyl-1H-phenanthro-[9,10-d]imidazole-1-yl)-acetic acid (PPIA). Studies on derivatization conditions indicated that the coupling reaction proceeded rapidly and smoothly in the presence of a base catalyst in acetonitrile to give the corresponding sensitively fluorescent derivatives with an excitation maximum at λ_ex 260 nm and an emission maximum at λ_em 380 nm. The labeled derivatives exhibited high stability and were enough to be efficiently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Identification of derivatives was carried out by online post-column mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS/MS) and showed an intense protonated molecular ion corresponding m/z [MH]⁺ under APCI in positive-ion mode. At the same time, the fluorescence properties of derivatives in various solvents or at different temperature were investigated. The method, in conjunction with a gradient elution, offered a baseline resolution of the common amine derivatives on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C₈ column. LC separation for the derivatized amines showed good reproducibility with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase. Detection limits calculated from 0.78 pmol injection, at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 3.1-18.2 fmol. The mean intra- and inter-assay precision for all amine levels were <3.85% and 2.11%, respectively. Excellent linear responses were observed with coefficients of >0.9996. The established method for the determination of aliphatic amines from real wastewater and biological samples was satisfactory.