矩形微槽道气体流动的速度分布

矩形微槽道的各个流向截面可以局部近似为平面Poiseuille流动,应用信息保存(IP)方法和直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)方法计算了从连续介质区到自由分子流区的平面Poiseuille流动,利用其结果对Beskok-Karniadadis公式和质量流率动理论因子进行修正和重新拟合,给出在整个稀薄气体流动领域都适用的微槽道气体流动速度分布.     

Stokes Flows under Random Boundary Velocity Excitations

A viscous Stokes flow over a disc under random fluctuations of the velocity on the boundary is studied. We give exact Karhunen-Loève (K-L) expansions for the velocity components, pressure, stress, and vorticity, and the series representations for the corresponding correlation tensors. Both the white noise fluctuations, and general homogeneous random excitations of the velocities prescribed on the boundary are studied. We analyze the decay of correlation functions in angular and radial directions, both for exterior and interior Stokes problems. Numerical experiments show the fast convergence of the K-L expansions. The results indicate that ignoring the stochastic fluctuations in boundary conditions dramatically underestimates the variance of the velocity and pressure in the interior/exterior of the domain. The support of the RFBR Grant N 06-01-00498 is kindly acknowledged.     

高纯铝层裂的自由面速度剖面特征分析

 采用任意反射面激光干涉测速（VISAR）系统,对高纯铝（纯度为99.999%）材料开展了层裂实验研究,获得了未完全层裂和完全层裂样品的自由面速度剖面。基于实验测量中观察到的层裂回跳（Pullback）信号的脉冲宽度、速度幅值差异以及回跳信号上升过程中的两次速度斜率变化特征,详细讨论了高纯铝材料从出现损伤到完全断裂的过程中波剖面演化的行为特征。结合“软回收”样品的细观分析,指出这些自由面速度变化特征可能与材料中应力波的能量释放速率以及材料中晶粒的断裂行为密切相关。研究结果可以为延性金属损伤断裂的演化过程提供有意义的认识。     

Velocity Profiles of Slow Blood Flow in a Narrow Tube

A fractal model is introduced into the slow blood motion. When blood flows slowly in a narrow tube, red cell aggregation results in the formation of an approximately cylindrical core of red cells. By introducing the fractal model and using the power law relation between area fraction φ and distance from tube axis ρ, rigorous velocity profiles of the fluid ia and outside the aggregated core and of the core itself are obtained analytically for different fractal dimensions. It shows a blunted velocity distribution for a relatively large fractal dimension (D～2), which can be observed in normal blood; a pathological velocity profile for moderate dimension (D = 1), which is similar to the Segre-Silberberg effect; and a parabolic profile for negligible red cell concentration (D = 0), which likes in the Poiseuille flow.     

热化学非平衡流动的DSMC-ME算法研究

将最大熵方法(Maximum Entropy,缩写为ME)引入Direct Simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC)模拟热化学非平衡流动过程中,构造一个计算非平衡条件下化学反应几率和反应碰撞能量分配的最大熵模型.在DSMC-ME的模拟过程中,对分子间的非反应碰撞,采用传统的Larsen-Borgnakke唯象论模型模拟碰撞分子内能的激发与松弛;对分子间反应碰撞,采用最大熵模型模拟分子间的化学反应和能量交换.通过模拟高空高超声速绕圆柱和低密度高焓绕钝头锥体流动,并与DSMC算法和HEG实验结果比较,论证了DSMC-ME算法的有效性.     

Barodiffusion in Slow Flows of a Gas Mixture

Technical Physics - Barodiffusion in slow flows of a gas mixture is studied with an approximation using hydrodynamic equations of motion for the individual mixture components. It is shown that...     

Shear Profiles and Velocity Distribution in Dense Shear Granular Flow

We perform DEM simulations to investigate the influence of the packing fraction γ on the,shape of mean tangential velocity profile in a 219 annular dense shear granular flow. There is a critical packing fraction γc. For γ 〈 γc, the mean tangential velocity profile shows a roughly exponential decay from the shearing boundary and is almost invariant to the imposed shear rate. However, for γ 〉 γc, the tangential velocity profile exhibits a rate-dependence feature and changes from linear to nonlinear gradually with the increasing shear rate. Furthermore, the distributions of normalized tangential velocities at different positions along radial direction exhibit the Gaussian or the composite Gaussian distributing features.     

一种气体/液滴混合流动模型与数值计算

研究均匀液滴单态氧发生器(TUDOG)的工作机理,为Cl₂/He混合气体横向流过垂直下落的BHP(按重量25%KOH,25%H₂O₂,及50%H₂O)液滴场的化学反应流动建立模型,并对模型方程做数值求解.模型方程中考虑液滴与气体间的质量、动量交换.混合流动的二维模型方程用SIMPLEC方法求解.模拟结果与相关文献提供的实测结果对比较好.结果发现:氯气利用率、单态氧产率随入流气体速度增大而减小,随液滴速度增大而增大;在含液滴区域的上游氯气的吸收利用较显著,对TUDOG的工程设计有参考价值.     

Shock Waves for a Discrete Velocity Gas Mixture

We introduce three new models for a binary mixture which have only 6+5, 8+5, and 12+5 velocities and study the properties of the first two. The models are plane and have five conservation laws as expected for a binary mixture in the plane case. We look for exact solutions corresponding to traveling waves, which turn out to have the properties of a structured shock wave, and study their properties. Particular attention is paid to the overshoots in the profiles of internal energy for the mixture and the two components.     

稀薄气体流动非线性耦合本构关系研究进展

临近空间高超声速飞行器流场蕴含着复杂的非线性流动机理与丰富的热化学非平衡流动现象, 基于Newton摩擦定律和Fourier热传导定律的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程不足以描述高超声速飞行器从连续流到稀薄流的多尺度非平衡现象。非线性耦合本构关系(nonlinear coupled constitutive relations, NCCR)作为一种全新的本构方程体系, 在严格满足热力学熵条件的基础上, 巧妙地构建了应力与热流的非线性表达形式。然而, NCCR方程的强非线性耦合特性是求解过程的一大难题。为了克服这一技术瓶颈, 提出了混合迭代算法, 为实现NCCR方程的高效稳定求解提供了坚实的理论基础。在该理论研究的基础上, 考虑到原始NCCR方程对热通量演化方程的简化处理, 降低了方程的计算精度, 提出了改进的NCCR+方程。该方程在强激波压缩区域和膨胀区域表现出比传统NCCR方程更高的计算精度与更强的非平衡流动模拟能力。同时, 为了解决临近空间高超声速空气动力学的多尺度与多物理效应耦合难题, 提出了NCCR与转动非平衡的耦合计算模型, 拓展了NCCR方程在双原子气体中的模拟能力。为了揭示稀薄气体效应与真实气体效应的耦合作用机理, 进一步建立了NCCR与热化学反应的耦合计算方法。大量研究结果表明, 考虑多物理效应的NCCR方程在低Kn下能够恢复到与N-S方程一致的解。随着Kn的增加, 流场的非平衡程度逐渐增强, 其结果与N-S方程差异显著, 而与DSMC方法计算结果和实验数据具有更好的一致性。      

A Class of Planar Discrete Velocity Models for Gas Mixtures

We present a method for the construction of a simple class of physically acceptable planar discrete velocity models (DVMs) for binary gas mixtures. We want five conservation laws (no more, no less) with binary collisions. We first consider a collision with a particle at rest and different possibilities for the three other particles. We associate other particles and find semisymmetric qv _i models with q=7, 9, 11, 13 and 15, symmetric with respect to the two coordinate axes, but not to an exchange between the two axes. In order to avoid spurious mass conservation relations for the species without particle at rest, we find, for the two coordinate axes, that the tips of the momenta of the particles must be on two intervals parallel to one axis with opposite values on the other. There remain some physically acceptable q=9 (the smallest) and 11, 13, 15 models (adding multiple collisions for some others). Second, we construct the associated symmetric models qv _i^qv _i, which are superpositions of the qv _i model and another ^qv _i, rotated by /2. The possible previous defect of the spurious mass invariant for qv _i is transmitted to the symmetric one. We explain another defect coming from qv _i and ^qv _i having only one common particle, then spurious invariants exist for the momentum conservations along the two axes. We get four physically acceptable symmetric 17v _i (and three intermediate semisymmetric 13v _i models) and one 25v _i model superposition of two 11v _i and two 15v _i models (other acceptable symmetric 11v _i, 13v _i, and 25v _i models exist with multiple collisions).     

OH分子示踪法用于气态流场速度测量

研制了一套单线羟基(OH)分子标记示踪流场速度测量系统,OH分子标记线由193 nm波长脉冲氟化氩(ArF)准分子激光柬解离流场中的水分子产生,利用脉冲染料激光倍频的约282 nm激光片显示OH分子荧光图像,由获得的两个时间关联的OH分子标记线位置图像计算流场的速度分布.研究了空气和火焰中193 nm波长激光解离水产生的OH分子寿命,实现了常温空气流场和高温超音速流场速度分布的测量,并对测量结果进行了分析讨论.     

Shadow Doppler Velocimetry for Simultaneous Size and Velocity Measurements of Irregular Particles in Confined Reacting Flows

We report the application of the Shadow Doppler Velocimeter (SDV) for spatial precise, simultaneous measurement of the size and velocity to assess the particle retention performance of a laboratory, 1/6 scale, 10 kW vertically-fired atmospheric model of the pressurised pulverised-coal furnace of Reichert et al. [1]. The SDV is based on the imaging of a conventional LDV probe volume onto a linear photodiode array and has the advantage over other sizing methods for irregular particles that it is tolerant of the optical misalignment and fouling which are inevitable when passing laser beams through windows in such furnaces. The size and two components of velocity of burning coal particles were measured in the present geometry which has 172 mm furnace diameter and 40 mm lateral exit duct diameter and a calculated exit bulk velocity of 4 m/s, evaluated at 300 K. The Sauter mean diameter of the particles is, within the experimental error, uniform at about 40 μm in the vertical profile normal to the axis of the exhaust pipe, 34.5 mm upstream of the exit. Coal particle velocities in the near-exit region are directed towards the exit, closely following the gas-phase velocities. Both these observations imply that particle retention efficiency due to streamline curvature is low and extrapolation suggests that there will be even less at large scales.     

乙烷含量对天然气、煤层气燃烧速率和火焰稳定性的影响

本文在定容燃烧弹中,研究了高温高压(0.75 MPa,450 K)下甲烷-乙烷-空气预混合气火焰传播规律,并系统分析了当量比、混合气中乙烷含量对混合气层流燃烧及火焰稳定性的影响.实验结果表明:随着混合气中乙烷含量的增加,不同当量比下无拉伸火焰燃烧速率均增大,马克斯坦长度增大,表明火焰稳定性增强.在实验范围内,无拉伸火焰...     

Simulation of Viscous Flows Around a Moving Airfoil by Field Velocity Method with Viscous Flux Correction

Based on the field velocity method, a novel approach for simulating unsteady pitching and plunging motion of an airfoil is presented in this paper. Responses to pitching and plunging motions of the airfoil are simulated under different conditions. The obtained results are compared with those of moving grid method and good agreement is achieved. In the conventional field velocity method, the Euler solver is usually used to simulate the movement of the airfoil. However, when viscous effect is considered, unsteady Navier-Stokes equations have to be solved and the viscous flux correction must be taken into account. In this work, the viscous flux correction is introduced into the conventional field velocity method when non-uniform grid speed distribution is occurred. Numerical experiments for the flow around NACA0012 airfoil showed that the proposed approach can well simulate viscous moving boundary flow problems.     

From Discrete Velocity Boltzmann Equations to Gas Dynamics Before Shocks

This article is devoted to the proof of the hydrodynamic limit for a discrete velocity Boltzmann equation before appearance of shocks in the limit system. Partially supported by the National Science Foundation Grants DMS-0607053, DMS-0555272 and DMS-0757227, and by the program “Pythagoras” of the Greek Secretariat of Research.     

Nano-scale processes behind ion-beam cancer therapy

This topical issue collates a series of papers based on new data reported at the thirdNano-IBCT Conference of the COST Action MP1002: Nanoscale Insights into Ion Beam CancerTherapy, held in Boppard, Germany, from October 27th to October 31st, 2014. The Nano-IBCTCOST Action was launched in December 2010 and brought together more than 300 experts fromdifferent disciplines (physics, chemistry, biology) with specialists in radiation damageof biological matter from hadron-therapy centres, and medical institutions. This meetingfollowed the first and the second conferences of the Action held in October 2011 in Caen,France and in May 2013 in Sopot, Poland respectively. This conference series provided afocus for the European research community and has highlighted the pioneering research intothe fundamental processes underpinning ion beam cancer therapy.     

Nano-scale complexities in the superconducting cuprates

Underdoped cuprates are characterized by nano-scale complexity with strong spatial variation in the electronic properties, including superconductivity. It is often assumed that the stripe order underlies this spatial complexity, but the evidence of local stripe order in the superconducting phase is weak. We propose an alternative idea of electronically driven two-dimensional local order that leads to phase separation in the reciprocal space, which could be the basis for two-component superconductivity.     

Nano-scale metal cluster deposition using STM

Received: 27 March 1998