A simple technique for real time pulsewidth measurements of single ultrashort laser pulses

A simple technique is described employing noncollinear second harmonic generation, for real time measurement of the pulse duration of individual pulses in the 1 ps to 1 ns range. The pulsewidth is derived from the recorded two points of the second-order autocorrelation function. The system may be used as a permanent on-line monitor of the pulsewidth.     

超短激光脉冲

概述了超短激光脉冲技术的发展进程、研究进展及其在液态分子研究方面、超快现象等领域的应用。     

高功率超短激光脉冲信噪比的研究

针对高功率激光系统中信噪比低的问题,基于描述超短脉冲传输的非线性薛定谔方程进行数值模拟,研究了高阶群速度色散、光谱调制及自相位调制对脉冲信噪比的影响;新建立了用于分析光栅平整度对脉冲信噪比的影响的物理模型并进行了相应的模拟,分析了光栅的质量要求或补偿精度。研究表明：对于100 fs的高斯脉冲,要保证信噪比达到108,应将三阶色散量限制在4.8×105 fs3以下,B积分的值应小于0.2,光谱的调制幅度应小于10-4,光栅平整度应优于λ/100。     

Dynamics of ultrashort pulse focusing

The method for studying the transformation of an ultrashort pulse of a spherical wave in the vicinity of the focus was developed. It was shown that the impulse response of the circular aperture contains two components: the transmitted one “cut” by the aperture from the incident wave and the toroidal edge one. Simple algebraic relations describing the propagation process were derived and corresponding software was developed. An example of a change in the pulse shape with Gaussian envelope is given. It was shown that pulses propagating with velocity ν > c, one of which overtakes the primary wave, are formed on the system axis.     

高功率超短激光脉冲信噪比的研究

 针对高功率激光系统中信噪比低的问题，基于描述超短脉冲传输的非线性薛定谔方程进行数值模拟，研究了高阶群速度色散、光谱调制及自相位调制对脉冲信噪比的影响；新建立了用于分析光栅平整度对脉冲信噪比的影响的物理模型并进行了相应的模拟，分析了光栅的质量要求或补偿精度。研究表明：对于100 fs的高斯脉冲，要保证信噪比达到10⁸，应将三阶色散量限制在4.8×10⁵ fs³以下，B积分的值应小于0.2，光谱的调制幅度应小于10^-4，光栅平整度应优于λ/100。     

Generation and propagation of pulse trains with ultrashort pulse separation

We investigate the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients by employing perturbation method. The analysis solution of the harmonic form is presented. The solution is one of forms to describe pulse trains with ultrashort pulse separation, which is about two orders of magnitude shorter than one of sech-type solitons considered before. And we could systematically adjust the perturbation parameter to obtain different pulse separation. As an example, we consider a nonlinear dispersive system with spatial parameter variations, and the results show that, the pulse train with ultrashort pulse separation presented by analysis solution may keep its shape even if the velocity is changed. The stability of the solution is discussed numerically, and the results reveal that the finite initial perturbations, such as white noise could not influence the main character of the solution. In addition, the stability of the solution is also discussed under more general conditions.     

简易自相关仪对飞秒激光脉冲宽度的测量

用自制的简易自相关仪测量了飞秒的光脉冲宽度,测量结果与理论结果基本一致,并在此基础上分析了一些实验中的光学器件对飞秒激光脉冲宽度的影响.     

To measure chirped ultrashort laser pulse by the Talbot effect of a grating

We study the Fresnel diffraction of a phase grating under the illumination of a chirped femtosecond laser pulse. Using spatial spectrum theory, first we extract the central wavelength signal from the diffraction wave of the chirped pulse through a diaphragm. Then the central wavelength waves are directed to interfere in remote regions by two reflectors. The interference stripes at different distance will be exactly the same in interference region. Since the intensity distribution of the stripes is related to the chirp parameter of the femtosecond pulse, through measuring the stripe intensity distribution, we can indirectly detect the chirp parameter of the femtosecond pulse.     

负折射介质中超短脉冲的反常分裂现象

对超短脉冲在负折射介质中的传输特性进行了研究,着重分析其不同于常规介质的反常脉冲分裂现象。结果表明:由于负的折射率影响,介质将通过反常群速度色散与自散焦非线性的相互作用机理来诱导脉冲的对称分裂。同时,分析由色散磁导率所导致的可控自陡效应对脉冲分裂的影响,发现负折射介质中正负的自陡效应都会引脉冲非对称分裂。其中负的自陡效导致脉冲裂变后其后沿比前沿高,这与常规介质自陡效应（恒为正）情形相同;而负折射介质正的自陡效应对脉冲分裂影响刚好与前者相反,即裂变后脉冲后沿比前沿低。     

紫外超短脉冲激光的单次测量

 利用瞬态光栅衍射法研制了一台单次频率分辨光学开关激光参数测量仪,可以对脉宽范围在10 ps以内的紫外超短脉冲激光进行单次测量。利用该仪器对重复频率为10 Hz的放电泵浦和单次运行的电子束泵浦KrF准分子激光器的输出脉冲分别进行了单次测量,结果表明：对于放电泵浦,当系统工作在零啁啾附近时,脉冲波形和光谱分布较规则,相位分布起伏较小,当系统偏离零啁啾状态时,脉冲波形和光谱分布不再规则,并且相位分布为抛物线结构;对于单次运行的电子束泵浦,脉冲波形具有多峰结构,光谱具有复杂的调制,脉宽约为2 ps,带宽约为1.3 nm,相位分布为抛物线结构。     

Effect of the dispersion spread of an ultrashort pulse on the results of measurements with a femtosecond crystal interferometer

The effect of the dispersion spread of a femtosecond pulse on the result of measurement of the firstorder autocorrelation function in a femtosecond crystal interferometer based on the use of a crystalline anisotropic medium with a controlled thickness is considered. The results of solution of this problem with the use of computer simulation are presented, along with the experimental verification of these results for cw light sources with a femtosecond-scale coherence time. A comparison of the results of calculations with the experimental data shows that the dispersion spread of the femtosecond pulse, implied in the calculation model, does not affect the results of measurement of the first-order autocorrelation function.     

超短脉冲经过小数值口径透镜的聚焦特性

 从亥姆霍兹方程出发，考虑透镜的色差和球差，得到了超短脉冲经过小数值口径透镜后光场的解析表达式；利用数值模拟得到了旁轴焦平面和边缘焦平面上光场强度的时空分布，以及聚焦区域内轴上点的强度分布图，并分析了色差和球差的大小对它们的影响。由于通过透镜中心和边缘之间的大部分脉冲产生了干涉相消，因此在旁轴焦平面与边缘焦平面上都出现前、后两个峰值相差很大的脉冲，并且随着球差的增大，两峰值差更大了；聚焦区域内轴上点的强度分布基本是对称的，强度最大点不是出现在旁轴和边缘焦平面上，而是在它们之间的某个位置，并且随着球差的增加，该位置将向聚焦区域的边缘靠近。     

紫外超短脉冲激光的单次测量

利用瞬态光栅衍射法研制了一台单次频率分辨光学开关激光参数测量仪,可以对脉宽范围在10 ps以内的紫外超短脉冲激光进行单次测量。利用该仪器对重复频率为10 Hz的放电泵浦和单次运行的电子束泵浦KrF准分子激光器的输出脉冲分别进行了单次测量,结果表明：对于放电泵浦,当系统工作在零啁啾附近时,脉冲波形和光谱分布较规则,相位分布起伏较小,当系统偏离零啁啾状态时,脉冲波形和光谱分布不再规则,并且相位分布为抛物线结构;对于单次运行的电子束泵浦,脉冲波形具有多峰结构,光谱具有复杂的调制,脉宽约为2 ps,带宽约为1.3 nm,相位分布为抛物线结构。     

负折射介质中超短脉冲的反常分裂现象

对超短脉冲在负折射介质中的传输特性进行了研究,着重分析其不同于常规介质的反常脉冲分裂现象。结果表明：由于负的折射率影响,介质将通过反常群速度色散与自散焦非线性的相互作用机理来诱导脉冲的对称分裂。同时,分析由色散磁导率所导致的可控自陡效应对脉冲分裂的影响,发现负折射介质中正负的自陡效应都会引脉冲非对称分裂。其中负的自陡效导致脉冲裂变后其后沿比前沿高,这与常规介质自陡效应（恒为正）情形相同;而负折射介质正的自陡效应对脉冲分裂影响刚好与前者相反,即裂变后脉冲后沿比前沿低。     

超短脉冲展宽压缩系统的三维模型分析

在超短脉冲的展宽压缩系统的实验过程中,需要入射到展宽器中的光束倾斜一定角度.研究了在三维下光束倾斜入射到展宽压缩系统的情况,通过光束追迹法建立了展宽压缩系统的三维数学模型,给出了光束的水平倾斜角对展宽压缩系统的光程、群延时(GD)、群延时色散(GDD)等的影响,给出了展宽压缩系统的不同参数的相互补偿关系.通过计算,在引...     

高阶效应对超短艾里-高斯脉冲相互作用的影响

本文运用分步傅里叶变换,对满足高阶耦合非线性薛定谔方程的超短艾里脉冲与超短高斯脉冲,利用MATLAB数值模拟了在高阶效应下两脉冲相互作用后的演化过程以及时域上的强度变化.获得了负三阶色散效应使超短脉冲相互作用能传输更远距离;正三阶色散效应会减慢超短脉冲相互作用的传输.自陡峭效应通过孤子分裂现象的形式使超短脉冲相互作用产生时域位移.内拉曼效应可以将超短脉冲相互作用的能量由前沿处转移到后沿处.     

Ionization of two-electron atom in ultrashort laser pulse

The method of numerical integration of the classical equations of motion was used to study interaction of a model two-electron atom with ultrashort laser pulses. Mechanisms and specific features of the ionization process were analyzed in a broad range of laser-field parameters.     

Diffraction of an ultrashort pulse by an aperture

The scalar problem of diffraction of an infinitely short pulse by a plane screen is solved within Kirchhoff’s approximation. The response of an infinitely small aperture is calculated, and the explicit solution is found for the case of a circular aperture.     

高阶效应对超短艾里-高斯脉冲相互作用的影响

本文运用分步傅里叶变换,对满足高阶耦合非线性薛定谔方程的超短艾里脉冲与超短高斯脉冲,利用MATLAB数值模拟了在高阶效应下两脉冲相互作用后的演化过程以及时域上的强度变化。结果表明：负三阶色散效应使超短脉冲相互作用能传输更远距离;正三阶色散效应会减慢超短脉冲相互作用的传输。自陡峭效应通过孤子分裂现象的形式使超短脉冲相互作用产生时域位移,内拉曼效应可以将超短脉冲相互作用的能量由前沿处转移到后沿处。