聚合物互通多孔材料的乳液模板法制备及其功能化研究*

本文对近年来利用乳液模板制备聚合物互通多孔材料的研究进行了综述,主要介绍以高内相乳液模板制备互通多孔聚合物整体柱和利用双重乳液 (或称多重乳液) 制备多孔或多空聚合物微球的进展;分析目前多孔聚合物材料研究中存在的问题及其研究动态;讨论合成多孔聚合物材料的性能缺陷及其表面功能化改性的相关研究;并对聚合物互通多孔材料潜在的应用和研究前景进行了展望。     

核壳乳液在电解质作用下的破乳过程

核壳乳液在电解质作用下的破乳过程;分光光度计;核壳乳液;电解质;乳液破乳     

结构化乳液的理论、制备与应用Ⅰ.连续相结构化乳液

对乳液的结构化研究近来的进展进行了综述,涉及到普通乳液、微乳液和纳米乳液的结构、制备、性能及应用.其中,对连续相结构化乳液的叙述包含了溶致型液晶作为乳液连续相、热致型液晶作为乳液连续相以及凝胶连续相乳液三个方面,而在对其应用方面的介绍中,提及了嵌段共聚物作为连续相的实例和制备单分散乳液的一些技术.本文对微乳液和纳米乳液的介绍则主要分为结构、特征、形成机理、制备方法、应用、聚合工艺及机理等方面.     

结构化乳液的理论、制备与应用Ⅱ.结构化微乳液

对乳液的结构化研究近来的进展进行了综述,涉及到普通乳液、微乳液和纳米乳液的结构、制备、性能及应用.其中,对连续相结构化乳液的叙述包含了溶致型液晶作为乳液连续相、热致型液晶作为乳液连续相以及凝胶连续相乳液三个方面,而在对其应用方面的介绍中,提及了嵌段共聚物作为连续相的实例和制备单分散乳液的一些技术.本文对微乳液和纳米乳液的介绍则主要分为结构、特征、形成机理、制备方法、应用、聚合工艺及机理等方面.     

结构化乳液的理论、制备与应用Ⅲ.结构化纳米乳液

对乳液的结构化研究近来的进展进行了综述,涉及到普通乳液、微乳液和纳米乳液的结构、制备、性能及应用。其中,对连续相结构化乳液的叙述包含了溶致型液晶作为乳液连续相、热致型液晶作为乳液连续相以及凝胶连续相乳液三个方面,而在对其应用方面的介绍中,提及了嵌段共聚物作为连续相的实例和制备单分散乳液的一些技术。本文对微乳液和纳米乳液的介绍则主要分为结构、特征、形成机理、制备方法、应用、聚合工艺及机理等方面。     

卵磷脂类液晶乳液的性能

以卵磷脂为主乳化剂制备了一款液晶乳液。 该乳液在皮肤上具有良好的稳定性能,在皮肤表层停留6 h仍能保持完整的液晶结构,克服了一般液晶乳液中液晶织构无法在皮肤上长时间停留的问题。 液晶结构在皮肤温度范围内具有较高的稳定性,可为液晶乳液其他性能的发挥提供条件。 基于此,我们采用体外称重法研究了液晶乳液的锁水性,发现液晶乳液锁水性能明显优于传统乳液,实验7 h后仍能保持原有水分总质量的50%;体外透析实验证实,液晶乳液表现出显著的缓释性能且能释放完全,7 h后目标分子(水杨酸钠)释放率可达96%;耐温性能研究表明,液晶乳液耐高温性能及低温冻融性能优良,且温度对乳液中层状液晶的影响是可恢复的;采用离心法、高低温循环和高低温长时间(3个月)放置的方法探究了乳液储运稳定性,结果表明,液晶乳液产品储运稳定性极佳,便于实际的应用和储运。 该研究不仅可为开发多效的高端化妆品提供必要信息和参考数据,而且有望拓展卵磷脂类液晶乳化剂体系的应用范畴。     

W／O型乳液的稳定性和水St—DVB乳液悬浮聚合白球的孔结构研究

研究了乳化剂PAG和SPAN复配比例以及某些二价金属离子对W/O型乳液稳定性的影响,同时也研究了St—DVB水乳液的悬浮聚合条件和白球的孔结构。结果表明,水相中存在微量的Mg~(2+)或Zn~(2+),并用适当比例的PAG和SPAN80配制的W/O型乳液具有较好的稳定性;St—DVB水乳液通过悬浮聚合制得的白球部份地具有类似田垄状的孔道结构。     

MOFs在乳液中的可控生长

金属有机框架(Metal organic frameworks, MOFs)材料是金属离子与有机配体自组装形成的形貌可控的多孔晶体材料。表面活性剂的乳化作用是形成乳液的关键,其自组装形成不同形貌的胶束控制最终产物的形貌。因此,在MOFs的制备中,不同乳液体系中的胶束亦可以作为反应模板,从而调控MOFs的形貌。本文简要介绍了传统乳液、反相微乳液、无皂乳液和Pickering乳液的形成机理和特点。重点综述了近年来MOFs在不同乳液体系中可控生长研究。其中,利用无皂乳液法和Pickering乳液法是构建MOFs复合材料的理想思路。     

氟聚合物改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液的制备

氟聚合物改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液的制备;氟改性;聚四氟乙烯;聚丙烯酸酯乳液     

硅丙微乳液共聚物胶膜的热性能

硅丙微乳液共聚物胶膜的热性能;硅氧烷; 丙烯酸酯; 微乳液热分析     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.