弱不连续问题高阶有限元离散系统的GAMG法

弱不连续问题(如含夹杂问题)是固体力学计算中的一类重要问题。高阶有限元方法由于其具有更好的逼近效果,是确保数值解在界面保持较高精度的计算方法之一。但与线性元相比,高阶单元需要更多的计算机存储单元,具有更高的计算复杂性。本文利用两水平算法的思想,将高阶有限元离散系统化归于线性元离散系统的求解,为弱不连续问题高阶有限元离散系统设计了一种新的基于几何与分析信息的代数多重网格(GAMG)法,并应用于圆形求解域含单夹杂问题的高阶有限元离散系统的求解。数值试验结果表明,相比于常用GAMG法,新方法的迭代次数基本不依赖于问题规模、单元阶次以及杨氏模量的间断性,CPU计算时间得到明显改善,具有更好的计算效率和鲁棒性,可大大提高弱不连续问题有限元分析的整体效率。     

A Boundary Element-Finite Element Equation Solutions to Flow in Heterogeneous Porous Media

Abstract. A coupled boundary element-finite element procedure, namely, the Green element method (GEM) is applied to the solution of mass transport in heterogeneous media. An equivalent integral equation of the governing differential equation is obtained by invoking the Green's second identity, and in a typical finite element fashion, the resulting equation is solved on each generic element of the problem domain. What is essentially unique about this procedure is the recognition of the particular advantages and particular features possessed by the two techniques and their effective use for the solution of engineering problems.By utilizing this approach, we observe that the range of applicability of the boundary integral methods is enhanced to cope with problems involving media heterogeneity in a straightforward and realistic manner. The method has been used to investigate problems involving various functional forms of heterogeneity, including head variations in a stream-heterogeneous aquifer interaction and in all these cases encouraging results are obtained without much difficulty.     

Coupling between finite element method and material point method for problems with extreme deformation

As a Lagrangian meshless method, the material point method (MPM) is suitable for dynamic problems with extreme deformation, but its efficiency and accuracy are not as good as that of the finite element method (FEM) for small deformation problems. Therefore, an algorithm for the coupling of FEM and MPM is proposed to take advantages of both methods. Furthermore, a conversion scheme of elements to particles is developed. Hence, the material domain is firstly discretized by finite elements, and then the distorted elements are automatically converted into MPM particles to avoid element entanglement. The interaction between finite elements and MPM particles is implemented based on the background grid in MPM framework. Numerical results are in good agreement with experimental data and the efficiency of this method is higher than that of both FEM and MPM.     

断裂力学的半解析相似边界元法

本文首先对弹性力学的相似边界元法进行了研究，推导了相应的计算公式。与传统的边界元法相比，相似边界元法由于只需在少数单元上进行数值积分，大大减少了计算量。在此基础上，对断裂力学问题，利用裂纹尖端位移场的解析表达式将裂纹尖端节点未知量转化为几个待定常数，提出了半解析相似边界元法，可大大减少最终形成的线性代数方程组的系数矩阵的阶数，进一步减小计算量。最后给出了算例，说明了本文方法的有效性。     

基于扩展有限元的应力强度因子的位移外推法

针对平面裂纹问题,阐述了扩展有限元法的单元位移模式、推导了扩展有限元法的控制方程、介绍了特殊单元的数值积分技术.基于最小二乘法,建立了应力强度因子位移外推法的计算公式.利用MATLAB编写计算程序,对平面裂纹问题用扩展有限元法进行了计算.基于扩展有限元法的计算结果,分别利用位移外推法和相互作用积分法,对平面裂纹的应力强度因子进行了计算.计算结果表明,位移外推法比相互作用积分法能更方便和准确地计算平面裂纹的应力强度因子.     

扩展有限元法(XFEM)及其应用

扩展有限元法(extended finite element method,XFEM)是1999年提出的一种求解不连续力学问题的数值方法, 它继承了常规有限元法(CFEM)的所有优点, 在模拟界面、裂纹生长、复杂流体等不连续问题时特别有效, 短短几年间得到了快速发展与应用. XFEM与CFEM的最根本区别在于, 它所使用的网格与结构内部的几何或物理界面无关, 从而克服了在诸如裂纹尖端等高应力和变形集中区进行高密度网格剖分所带来的困难, 模拟裂纹生长时也无需对网格进行重新剖分.重点介绍XFEM的基本原理、实施步骤及应用实例等, 并进行必要的评述. 单位分解概念保证了XFEM的收敛, 基于此, XFEM通过改进单元的形状函数使之包含问题不连续性的基本成分, 从而放松对网格密度的过分要求. 水平集法是XFEM中常用的确定内部界面位置和跟踪其生长的数值技术, 任何内部界面可用它的零水平集函数表示. 第2和第3节分别简要介绍单位分解法和水平集法;第4节和第5节介绍XFEM的基本思想、详细实施步骤和若干应用实例, 同时修正了以往文献中的一些不妥之处; 最后, 初步展望了该领域尚需进一步研究的课题.      

自然单元法研究进展

自然单元法是一种基于Voronoi图和Delaunay三角化几何结构,以自然邻点插值为试函数的一种新型数值方法.其既具有无网格方法和经典有限元方法的优点,又克服了两者的一些缺陷,是一种发展前景广阔的求解微分方程的数值方法.自然单元法的形函数满足插值性质,可以像有限元法一样直接施加本质边界条件,不存在基于移动最小二乘拟合的无网格方法不能直接施加本质边界条件的难题.由于自然单元法是无网格方法,可以方便处理有限元方法较难处理的一些问题,例如移动边界和大变形等问题.自然单元法与其他数值方法的最根本区别于其插值格式的不同.将自然邻点插值用于Galerkin过程,就得到基于Voronoi结构的自然单元Galerkin法.自然邻点插值有自然邻点Sibson插值和Laplace插值(非Sibson插值)两种.Laplace插值比Sibson插值在计算上要简单的多,并且不论对凸的或非凸的区域都能精确施加本质边界条件.以Laplace插值为试函数的自然单元法在数值实施上比以Sibson插值为试函数的自然单元法简单.本文对基于Voronoi结构的自然邻点插值和自然单元法的基本思想作了介绍,综述了国内外关于自然单元法的研究成果,总结了自然单元法的优点和尚需解决的问题.      

求解不连续中厚板自由振动的微分容积单元法

基于区域叠加原理和微分容积法，发展了一种新型的数值方法——微分容积单元法，用以分析具有不连续几何特征的中厚板的自由振动。根据板的不连续情况将其划分为若干单元，在每个单元内用微分容积法将控制微分方程离散成为一组线性代数方程．在相邻的单元连接处应用位移连续条件和平衡条件，引入边界约束条件后得到一套关于各配点位移的齐次线性代数方程，由此可导出求解系统固有频率的特征方程。本文用子空间迭代法求解特征方程，并以开孔板、混合边界条件板和突变厚度板为例研究了方法的收敛性和计算精度。     

近场动力学与有限元方法耦合求解热传导问题

求解含裂纹等不连续问题一直是计算力学的重点研究课题之一,以偏微分方程为基础的连续介质力学方法处理不连续问题时面临很大的困难. 近场动力学方法是一种基于积分方程的非局部理论,在处理不连续问题时有很大的优越性. 本文提出了求解含裂纹热传导问题的一种新的近场动力学与有限元法的耦合方法. 结合近场动力学方法处理不连续问题的优势以及有限元方法计算效率高的优势,将求解区域划分为两个区域,近场动力学区域和有限元区域. 包含裂纹的区域采用近场动力学方法建模,其他区域采用有限元方法建模. 本文提出的耦合方案实施简单方便,近场动力学区域与有限元区域之间不需要设置重叠区域. 耦合方法通过近场动力学粒子与其域内所有粒子(包括近场动力学粒子和有限元节点)以非局部方式连接,有限元节点与其周围的所有粒子以有限元方式相互作用. 将有限元热传导矩阵和近场动力学粒子相互作用矩阵写入同一整体热传导矩阵中,并采用Guyan缩聚法进一步减小计算量. 分别采用连续介质力学方法和近场动力学方法对一维以及二维温度场算例进行模拟,结果表明,本文的耦合方法具有较高的计算精度和计算效率. 该耦合方案可以进一步拓展到热力耦合条件下含裂纹材料和结构的裂纹扩展问题.      

动态断裂力学的无限相似边界元法

对弹性动力学的相似边界元法进行了进一步研究,推导了相应的计算公式,并在此基础上提出了动态断裂力学的无限相似边界元法.与传统的边界元法相比,相似边界元法由于只需在少数单元上进行数值积分,大大减少了计算量.对动态断裂力学问题,无限相似边界元法由于在裂纹尖端的边界上设置了逼近于裂纹尖端的无限个相似边界单元,可直接得到裂纹尖端具有奇异性的应力,而不需要设置奇异单元,从而突破了奇异单元对应力奇异性阶次的局限.另外,还讨论了无限相似边界元法得到的无限阶的线性代数方程组的求解方法.     

Dispersion error reduction for acoustic problems using the smoothed finite element method (SFEM)

The smoothed finite element method (SFEM), which was recently introduced for solving the mechanics and acoustic problems, uses the gradient smoothing technique to operate over the cell‐based smoothing domains. On the basis of the previous work, this paper reports a detailed analysis on the numerical dispersion error in solving two‐dimensional acoustic problems governed by the Helmholtz equation using the SFEM, in comparison with the standard finite element method. Owing to the proper softening effects provided naturally by the cell‐based gradient smoothing operations, the SFEM model behaves much softer than the standard finite element method model. Therefore, the SFEM can significantly reduce the dispersion error in the numerical solution. Results of both theoretical and numerical experiments will support these important findings. It is shown clearly that the SFEM suits ideally well for solving acoustic problems, because of the crucial effectiveness in reducing the dispersion error. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN EULERIAN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR TIME-DEPENDENT FREE SURFACE PROBLEMS IN HYDRODYNAMICS

A numerical method based on the finite element method is presented for simulating the two-dimensional transient motion of a viscous liquid with free surfaces. For ease of numerical treatment of the free surface expressed by a multiple-valued function, the marker particle method is employed. Numerous virtual particles are spread over all regions occupied by liquid. They move about on a fixed finite element mesh with the liquid velocity at their positions. These particles contribute nothing to the dynamics of the liquid and only serve as markers of liquid regions. The velocity field within liquid regions is calculated by solving the Navier– Stokes equations and the equation of continuity by the finite element method based on quadrilateral elements. A detailed discussion is given of the methodological problems arising in the implementation of the marker particle method on an unstructured finite element mesh and of the solutions to these problems. The proposed method is demonstrated on three sample problems: the broken dam problem, the impact of a falling liquid drop on a still liquid and the entry of a rigid block into water. Good agreement has been obtained in the comparison of the present numerical results with available experimental data.     

Fluid-structure impact analysis with a mixed method of arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian BE and FE

A mixed method of arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian boundary element and finite element method (ALE-BE-FE method) is proposed for solving fluid-structure impact problems, in which the effect of structural deformation due to hydrodynamic pressure is taken into account. In addition, this method also enables us to analyze the influence of nonlinear free surface conditions on the impact response. Two numerical examples of an impacting cylinder and an impacting wedge into an initially calm water treated as 2-D problems are presented. It shows that the proposed method is effective to obtain a fluid-structure impact solution.This project is financially supported by the National Education Foundation of China.     

非均质问题中的无网格边界单元法

介绍了一种不需要内部网格计算非均匀介质问题的边界元算法.该算法是建立在一种能将任何区域积分转换成边界积分的径向积分转换法基础上,首先用对应各向同性问题的基本解来建立以正规化位移表示的非均质问题的积分方程,然后用径向积分转换法将出现在积分方程中的区域积分转换成边界积分,从而形成不需要使用内部网格来计算区域积分的纯边界元算法.与其它无网格法相比,此方法需要很少的内部点,有些问题甚至不需要内部点都能得到满意的结果,因此,可以计算大型的三维非均匀介质工程问题.由于此方法继承了边界元和无网格算法的优点,因而具有广阔的发展前景.     

Numerical simulations of viscous flows using a meshless method

This paper uses the element‐free Galerkin (EFG) method to simulate 2D, viscous, incompressible flows. The control equations are discretized with the standard Galerkin method in space and a fractional step finite element scheme in time. Regular background cells are used for the quadrature. Several classical fluid mechanics problems were analyzed including flow in a pipe, flow past a step and flow in a driven cavity. The flow field computed with the EFG method compared well with those calculated using the finite element method (FEM) and finite difference method. The simulations show that although EFG is more expensive computationally than FEM, it is capable of dealing with cases where the nodes are poorly distributed or even overlap with each other; hence, it may be used to resolve remeshing problems in direct numerical simulations. Flows around a cylinder for different Reynolds numbers are also simulated to study the flow patterns for various conditions and the drag and lift forces exerted by the fluid on the cylinder. These forces are calculated by integrating the pressure and shear forces over the cylinder surface. The results show how the drag and lift forces oscillate for high Reynolds numbers. The calculated Strouhal number agrees well with previous results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nodeless variable finite element method for heat transfer analysis by means of flux-based formulation and mesh adaptation

Based on flux-based formulation, a nodeless variable element method is developed to analyze two-dimensional steady-state and transient heat transfer problems. The nodeless variable element employs quadratic interpolation functions to provide higher solution accuracy without necessity to actually generate additional nodes. The flux-based formulation is applied to reduce the complexity in deriving the finite element equations as compared to the conventional finite element method. The solution accuracy is further improved by implementing an adaptive meshing technique to generate finite element mesh that can adapt and move along corresponding to the solution behavior. The technique generates small elements in the regions of steep solution gradients to provide accurate solution, and meanwhile it generates larger elements in the other regions where the solution gradients are slight to reduce the computational time and the computer memory. The effectiveness of the combined procedure is demonstrated by heat transfer problems that have exact solutions. These problems are: (a) a steady-state heat conduction analysis in a square plate subjected to a highly localized surface heating, and (b) a transient heat conduction analysis in a long plate subjected to a moving heat source. The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

Finite volume element method for analysis of unsteady reaction–diffusion problems

A finite volume element method is developed for analyzing unsteady scalar reaction-diffusion problems in two dimensions. The method combines the concepts that are employed in the finite volume and the finite element method together. The finite volume method is used to discretize the unsteady reaction-diffusion equation, while the finite element method is applied to estimate the gradient quantities at cell faces. Robustness and efficiency of the combined method have been evaluated on uniform rectangular grids by using available numerical solutions of the two-dimensional reaction-diffusion problems. The numerical solutions demonstrate that the combined method is stable and can provide accurate solution without spurious oscillation along the high-gradient boundary layers.     

On the use of characteristic‐based split meshfree method for solving flow problems

This study presents characteristic‐based split (CBS) algorithm in the meshfree context. This algorithm is the extension of general CBS method which was initially introduced in finite element framework. In this work, the general equations of flow have been represented in the meshfree context. A new finite element and MFree code is developed for solving flow problems. This computational code is capable of solving both time‐dependent and steady‐state flow problems. Numerical simulation of some known benchmark flow problems has been studied. Computational results of MFree method have been compared to those of finite element method. The results obtained have been verified by known numerical, analytical and experimental data in the literature. A number of shape functions are used for field variable interpolation. The performance of each interpolation method is discussed. It is concluded that the MFree method is more accurate than FEM if the same numbers of nodes are used for each solver. Meshfree CBS algorithm is completely stable even at high Reynolds numbers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic response of underground structures by time domain SBEM and SFEM

The dynamic interaction problems of three-dimensional linear elastic structures witharbitrary shaped section embedded in a homogeneous,isotropic and linear elastic half spaceunder dynamic disturbances are numerically solved.The numerical method employed is acombination of the time domain semi-analytical boundary element method(SBEM)usedfor the semi-infinite soil medium and the semi-analytical finite element method(SFEM)used for the three-dimensional structure.The two methods are combined throughequilibrium and compatibility conditions at the soil-structure interface.Displacements,velocities,accelerations and interaction forces at the interface between undergroundstructure and soil medium produced by the diffraction of wave by an underground structurefor every time step are obtained.In dynamic soil-structure interaction problems,it isadvantageous to combine the SBEM and the SFEM in an effort to produce an optimumnumerical hybrid scheme which is characterized by the main advantages of the two methods.The     

线性定常对流占优对流扩散问题的无网格解法

应用无网格Galerkin方法求解对流占优对流扩散问题时会出现非物理现象的数值伪振荡,本文将SUPG方法、GLS方法、SGS方法与无网格Galerkin方法相耦合,成功解决了对流扩散方程中对流项占优时的数值伪振荡问题。运用本文构造的方法,采用线性基和具有C2连续的权函数,应用移动最小二乘法可容易地构造高阶导数连续的形函数,从而避免了有限元方法中当采用线性元插值时,因忽略稳定项中二阶导数项而降低计算精度和稳定性的问题。数值实验表明:本文构造的方法具有计算精度高、稳定性好、计算算法实施简单、前后处理方便的优点,这些方法不仅能适用于对流项占优问题,而且也能很好地消除反应项占优时的数值伪振荡问题。