基于线性成像系统的光学超分辨显微术回顾

随着纳米科学技术的发展,如何打破光学衍射极限,将光学显微术的分辨本领推进到纳米尺度,已经成为光学领域的一个核心议题.在此背景下,过去的三十年间,发展了多种超分辨光学显微技术,并在生物、材料、化学领域取得了一系列令人瞩目的应用.本文以衍射理论为线索,回顾各类基于线性成像系统的超分辨光学显微技术;对以固浸物镜、结构光照明、扫描近场光学显微术、完美透镜以及超振荡透镜为代表的超分辨光学显微技术进行综述,讨论各种技术的原理,对其特点、应用与局限加以总结,并对该领域的未来发展予以展望.     

智能光学的概念及发展

智能光学是在主动光学和自适应光学基础上发展起来的新兴的概念。本文介绍了智能光学概念的提出和发展过程,并进一步明确和扩展了智能光学的概念和范畴。对智能光学的技术基础及其应用现状进行了总结和评述,主要包括动态光学调制技术、动态光学探测技术、智能光学系统等,涉及了天文、军事、空间、生物医学等领域中应用的望远镜、显微镜、激光器等光学系统和光学设备。最后,对智能光学的未来发展和应用前景提出了展望。     

光学相控阵技术研究进展与发展趋势

光学相控阵技术具有响应速度快、系统紧凑、功能多样和控制灵活等优点,在众多科学技术领域得到了广泛的应用。在近50年来的光学相控阵研究与应用中,涌现出了众多卓越的成果。为了对光学相控阵领域的发展进行梳理,简要回顾了光学相控阵技术的历史,并论述了光学相控阵技术的基本原理。从光束发射与接收等不同应用场景的角度,结合笔者的思考,深入介绍了光学相控阵在高品质的光源技术、激光相干合成技术、光束扫描技术、大气链路畸变控制技术以及合成孔径探测与成像技术多个领域的发展现状,并最后对光学相控阵技术的瓶颈与未来的发展研究趋势进行了评述。     

基于纳米孔径激光器的近场光存储的最新发展

近几年发展起来的近场光学原理和方法为实现超高密度光学数据存储开辟了新的技术途径。基于近扬光学方法的最小信息记录单元尺寸突破了经典光学分辨率的衍射极限 ,理论存储密度高达 1 0 0 0Gb/平方英寸 ,受到了研究人员和工业界的广泛关注。着重介绍了用于近场光学存储的纳米孔径激光器的原理、结构、优点 ,对它的实现方法和发展状况作了详细的阐述 ,并对其在近场光存储领域未来的发展趋势进行了展望     

光学自由曲面测量与误差评估技术研究进展

光学自由曲面是现代精密光学领域的重大变革,因其优异的光学、力学性能而有望进一步推进光学系统实现微型化、轻量化、集成化。随着光学自由曲面的面形复杂度不断提升,光学自由曲面的检测技术已成为制约其制造水平的关键因素。回顾了近年来光学自由曲面测量与误差评估的关键技术,包括点线式扫描、全口径光学测量方法以及面形误差评估方法,结合各种技术的优缺点,展望了该领域未来发展的新趋势,并介绍了一种结合多传感器实现共体自由曲面的测量及误差评估的新方法。     

我国光学科学技术的若干进展

本文综述了中国光学及应用光学(包括激光、红外和光电技术、基础光学和技术光学以及光学技术基础等领域)的发展概况及近况。对于进一步发展中国光学及应用光学,提出应注意的问题。     

中国的光学——回顾与展望

新中国成立50余年来,中国的光学事业在众多领域取得了重大进展,为推进社会主义现代化建设,加快社会的信息化进程作出了应有贡献,并在国际光学界占有一席之地.本文回顾了50余年来中国光学事业的发展历程,扼要介绍了中国光学工程领域发展过程中取得的一些重大进展,展望了中国光学的未来.     

光学合成孔径成像技术发展概况

介绍了光学合成孔径成像技术的发展现状。简要阐明了合成孔径成像技术的原理和分类以及在光学波段的主要应用。归纳出了光学合成孔径成像技术的发展趋势:地基合成孔径系统向长基线方向发展;天基系统向超轻量化方向发展;图像处理正在成为系统不可分割的一部分;技术重点是从地基系统向天基系统转移,并被应用于更多领域。概括了光学合成孔径成像系统的各种应用方案及特点。与传统的光学系统相比,合成孔径成像技术具有如下特征和优点:可降低光学元件的加工难度和天基光学合成孔径成像系统的发射体积和重量,可节约发射费用。     

征稿启事

《中国光学与应用光学》诚征光学领域综合评述国内外光学技术研究现状、发展动态和发展趋势的综述性学术论文;学术价值显著、实验数据完整的原创性论文;研究前景广阔,具有实用、推广价值的技术报告;有创新意识,能够反映当前先进水平的阶段性研究简报;以及关于当前光学领域的研究热点和前沿问题的专题报告。本刊目前已和美国光学学会（OSA）达成合作意向,     

跨尺度光学内窥成像技术

光学成像技术具备高分辨、多尺度、多维度、易集成以及低辐射等优势,在生物医学领域发挥重要的作用。在内窥镜领域,如何进行内窥图像信息的获取、处理及可视化是光学成像技术要解决的核心问题,在医学临床中获取内窥镜所观察部位的跨尺度图像有利于医师对于患者病情的诊断以及提升术中操作的精确程度。本文从跨尺度光学成像技术在内窥镜领域的应用入手,重点阐述了目前内窥镜临床中用于获取跨尺度图像的光学系统类型,包括跨尺度变焦光学系统、光纤扫描成像系统、多通道成像系统等,说明了这些跨尺度光学内窥镜系统如何获取跨尺度图像,并对跨尺度光学成像在内窥镜领域的未来发展做了展望。     

Veselago’s lens consisting of left-handed materials with arbitrary index of refraction

We study Veselago’s lens with arbitrary index of refraction and characteristic impedance. Using a full wave optics calculation, we show that this lens can be considered as an imaging system and we derive the appropriate lens formula. The lens with arbitrary index and impedance retains some of the properties of the matched lens, such as the invariance of its optical axis, three-dimensional imaging and easy manufacturing, but it loses the property of sub-wavelength resolution. We also show that identical results can be obtained for the impedance matched lens in the framework of paraxial geometrical optics, from which it can be inferred that optical systems containing such a lens can be studied and designed using traditional ray-tracing tools.     

多光子相长干涉解释光子的广义聚束效应

光的聚束效应的发现是量子光学的重要里程碑.对其进行合理解释的努力,促进了量子光学理论与技术的大发展,使量子光学迅速发展和完善起来.现在一般认为,光场二阶相干所体现的聚束效应的物理本质是双光子干涉.本文发现,在高阶相干中有类似的广义聚束效应,这种广义聚束效应也可以用光子相长干涉解释.而且在一些典型的光路中,Ⅳ个光子参与的干涉,可以使这种广义聚束效应的增强因子达到N!.     

光学元件的激光损伤问题

光学元件是各类激光系统不可或缺的光学功能实现部件,其性能决定了激光系统的输出能力和光束质量。光学元件的激光损伤问题从激光发明起就一直伴随着激光技术的发展,随着激光新技术的发展和激光新应用的牵引,激光的波段、脉冲宽度以及重复频率等参数不断拓宽,使得激光损伤问题更加复杂,但万变不离其宗,激光损伤问题的核心是光学元件或光学材料对激光的吸收机制问题。从激光与光学材料相互作用的基本原理出发,以惯性约束聚变（ICF）激光驱动器应用的典型光学材料和光学元件为研究对象,回顾了针对光学元件的激光损伤问题开展的科研工作,总结了在此期间形成的关键技术和里程碑进展,同时也对依然困扰该领域的几类光学元件存在的问题瓶颈以及进一步研究发展趋势进行了展望。     

Development and test of SEOP neutron spin filter in Japan

We have begun the development of an in-situ spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) system aiming to use it as a neutron spin filter for incident beam polarization at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). To use it, it is recommended that the optics be adjusted easily, have high stability, and have a small size. In this paper we improved our previous SEOP system aiming to use it in J-PARC and performed a neutron beam test at the JRR-3 NOP beamline to see the performance of the neutron spin filter (NSF). The polarization of the ³He gas reached 73%. This paper gives the present status of the development of in-situ SEOP system in J-PARC.     

Correspondence between quantum-optical transform and classical-optical transform explored by developing Dirac’s symbolic method

By virtue of the new technique of performing integration over Dirac’s ket–bra operators, we explore quantum optical version of classical optical transformations such as optical Fresnel transform, Hankel transform, fractional Fourier transform, Wigner transform, wavelet transform and Fresnel–Hadmard combinatorial transform etc. In this way one may gain benefit for developing classical optics theory from the research in quantum optics, or vice-versa. We cannot only find some new quantum mechanical unitary operators which correspond to the known optical transformations, deriving a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operators, but also can reveal some new classical optical transformations. For examples, we find the generalized Fresnel operator (GFO) to correspond to the generalized Fresnel transform (GFT) in classical optics. We derive GFO’s normal product form and its canonical coherent state representation and find that GFO is the loyal representation of symplectic group multiplication rule. We show that GFT is just the transformation matrix element of GFO in the coordinate representation such that two successive GFTs is still a GFT. The ABCD rule of the Gaussian beam propagation is directly demonstrated in the context of quantum optics. Especially, the introduction of quantum mechanical entangled state representations opens up a new area in finding new classical optical transformations. The complex wavelet transform and the condition of mother wavelet are studied in the context of quantum optics too. Throughout our discussions, the coherent state, the entangled state representation of the two-mode squeezing operators and the technique of integration within an ordered product (IWOP) of operators are fully used. All these have confirmed Dirac’s assertion: “...for a quantum dynamic system that has a classical analogue, unitary transformation in the quantum theory is the analogue of contact transformation in the classical theory”.     

Why optical data communications and why now?

Our focus here is on data communications within IT equipment and in IT data centers. Optical communications is not new. Thus the obvious question is likely; why a paper entitled, “Why optical data communications and why now?”. The reasons are twofold. First, optical data communications is more necessary now than it has ever been in the past. It is not excessive to even consider that it will be required in the not too distant future. Second, the advances in the broad field of photonics and optics have brought optical communications nearly to the point that it can finally cross over the threshold to be less expensive than electronic signaling. In this paper we make the case why we must aggressively pursue optics for data communications at all length scales within the data center. The summarization of this paper is that optical communications is inevitable, and we offer reasons why we believe this is true.     

Development of ultrawide-angle compact camera using free-form optics

Digital imaging enables us to easily obtain, store, process and display images as digital data, and it is used not only for digital cameras but also for surveillance and in-vehicle cameras, measuring devices, and so on. On the basis of our studies, a free-form optic is not suitable for a high-definition zooming capability; however, it makes optical devices smaller, thinner and lighter. Therefore, it is worth considering the applications of free-form optics other than camera modules for cellular phones. We have investigated the possibilities of miniaturization, which is the most significant feature of free-form optics, and developed a practical application. In this paper, we describe the results of design, prototyping, and evaluation of our ultrawide-angle compact imaging system using free-form optics.     

自成像局域空心光束产生的新方法及粒子俘获

本文提出了产生自成像局域空心光束(self-imaged bottle beams)的一种光学元件------液体轴棱锥.从衍射理论结合几何光学对经过轴棱锥后的光场进行了分析, 得出注入液体折射率小于轴棱锥材料折射率时可产生自成像局域空心光束.并通过软件MathCAD模拟, 得到一个完整周期光束的变换过程和局域空心光束的演变过程.研究发现液体轴棱锥产生的自成像局域 空心光束具有周期及相干长度可调的特点.分析了如何利用自成像局域空心光束对粒子进行俘获, 讨论了用自成像局域空心光束进行多层面粒子俘获的优势.     

Demonstration of a simple entangling optical gate and its use in bell-state analysis

We demonstrate a new architecture for an optical entangling gate that is significantly simpler than previous realizations, using partially polarizing beam splitters so that only a single optical mode-matching condition is required. We demonstrate operation of a controlled-z gate in both continuous-wave and pulsed regimes of operation, fully characterizing it in each case using quantum process tomography. We also demonstrate a fully resolving, nondeterministic optical Bell-state analyzer based on this controlled-z gate. This new architecture is ideally suited to guided optics implementations of optical gates.