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1.
González-Martín I Hernández-Hierro JM Bustamante-Rangel M Barros-Ferreiro N 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,386(5):1553-1558
The vitamin E (α- and (β+γ)-tocopherol) contents present in alfalfa (fresh or dehydrated) were analysed using near-infrared
spectroscopy (NIRS) technology together with a remote reflectance fibre-optic probe. The range of vitamin E was 0.55–5.16 mg/100 g
for α-tocopherol and 0.07–0.48 for (β+γ)-tocopherol. The regression method employed was modified partial least squares (MPLS).
The equations developed using the fibre-optic probe for 69 samples of alfalfa (dehydrated and fresh) to determine the content
of vitamin E in feeds had multiple correlation coefficients (RSQs) and prediction corrected standard errors (SEP (C)) of 0.946
and 0.321 mg/100 g for α-tocopherol and 0.956 and 0.022 mg/100 g for (β+γ)-tocopherol. The predicted values of vitamin E in
feeds using NIRS technology applying the fibre-optic probe directly on the sample with neither previous treatment nor manipulation
are comparable to those obtained using the chemical method, which included alkaline hydrolysis and hexane extraction of the
vitamin from the unsaponifiable fraction before chromatographic determination. 相似文献
2.
A new potential source of natural vitamin E from thirteen samples of Corylus avellana L. leaves was screened: the major Italian cultivar — Tonda romana (collected from Latium and Sardinia localities); ten local
genotypes from Sardinia — Moro seme, Suconcale, Moro, Sarda grossa, Sarda grossa seme, Sarda schiacciata, Coccoredda, Sarda
lunga, Sarda piccola and Sarda tardiva; wild genotype — Selvatico from Latium. The determination was performed after optimizing
the high-efficiency pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) conditions of α-tocopherol from Italian hazelnut tree green leaves.
Moro from Sardinia showed the highest content of α-tocopherol (237.4±0.3 μg/g d.w). Leaves of this genotype may be considered
as a potential new source for natural α-tocopherol.
__________
Published in Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 538–540, November–December, 2005. 相似文献
3.
P. Bermejo Barrera R. Domínguez González A. Bermejo Barrera 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1997,357(4):457-461
A method for the direct determination of copper in samples of whole milk, non-fat milk and whey milk by electrothermal atomic
spectrometry (ETAAS) was studied. The fat separation by centrifugation at 3200 rpm and the separation of casein mycelles to
obtain the whey milk by ultracentrifugation at 31 000 g were investigated. In all cases Mg(NO3)2 was used as chemical modifier and Triton X-100 (0.2% w/v) as emulsifying agent. The optimum pyrolysis temperature was 1500° C.
The detection limit was 0.4 μg/l of copper. The precision was studied for the whole milk and the coefficients of variation
(CV) were 5.7, 4.0, 2.4 and 2.8% for 0, 5, 10 and 20 μg/l of copper added. The accuracy was determined by using the Reference
Material Milk A-11 (IAEA) with a certified content of 378.4 ± 24 ng Cu/g; 359 ± 16 ng/g were found. The method was applied
to ten cow milk samples, the levels of copper being determined for whole milk, non-fat milk and whey milk. A statistical study
was applied and it was concluded that the majority of copper is in the non-fat milk.
Received: 29 February 1996 / Revised: 19 April 1996 / Accepted: 28 April 1996 相似文献
4.
F Granado-Lorencio C Herrero-Barbudo I Blanco-Navarro B Pérez-Sacristán 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2010,397(3):1389-1393
Our aim was to assess the suitability of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) for the simultaneous determination
of biomarkers of vitamins A (retinol, retinyl esters), E (α- and γ-tocopherol), D (25-OH-vitamin D), and the major carotenoids
in human serum to be used in clinical practice. UHPLC analysis was performed on HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm; 1.8 μm) using
gradient elution and UV–VIS detection. The system allows the simultaneous determination of retinol, retinyl palmitate, 25-OH-vitamin
D, α- and γ-tocopherol, lutein plus zeaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, α- and β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene. The method showed
a good linearity over the physiological range with an adequate accuracy in samples from quality control programs. Suitability
of the method in clinical practice was tested by analyzing samples (n = 286) from patients. In conclusion, UHPLC constitutes a reliable approach for nutrient/biomarker profiling allowing the
rapid, simultaneous and low-cost determination of vitamins A, E, and D (including vitamers and ester forms) and the major
carotenoids in clinical practice. 相似文献
5.
Z. R. Turel J. R. Merchant B. C. Haldar 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1978,45(1):203-207
Seeds of (the plant) P. Corylifolia Linn (Bawachi) known for their therepeutic value in indigenous medicine have been analysed
for Cu, As, Sb and Se by thermal neutron activation analysis involving substoichiometric extraction and precipitation technique.
The amounts of Cu, As, Sb and Se per gram of seeds dried at 80°C are 16.0±1.1 μg, 0.90±0.4 μg, 12.1±0.6 μg and 4.0±0.2 μg
respectively. 相似文献
6.
Li Shunxin Qian Shahua Huang Ganquan He Fei 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1999,365(5):469-471
A novel method for the separation and preconcentration of Se(IV)/ Se(VI) with algae and determination by graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) has been developed. The Se(VI) is extracted with algae from the solution containing
Se(IV)/Se(VI) at pH 5.0, and the remaining Se(IV) is then preconcentrated pH 1.0. The detection limits (3σ, n = 11) of 0.16 μg L–1 for Se(IV) and 0.14 μg L–1 for Se(VI) are obtained using 40 mL of solution. At the 2.0 μg L–1 level the relative standard deviation is 2.6% for Se(IV) and 2.3% for Se(VI). The method has been applied to the determination
of Se(IV)/Se(VI) in sediment and water samples. Analytical recoveries of Se(IV) and Se(VI) added to samples are ?97 ± 5% and
102 ± 6% (95% confidence), respectively.
Received: 10 February 1999 / Revised: 21 June 1999 / /Accepted: 22 June 1999 相似文献
7.
Norbert Szoboszlai Erzsébet Andrási Zsolt Ajtony Ivett Császma 《Mikrochimica acta》2001,137(1-2):81-86
A method is reported for measuring Se and Sn in human brain tissue. The patients from whom the samples were taken had no
diseases in their central nervous system. Microwave energy was applied to digest the brain samples. The digested samples were
analyzed without dilution by transversely heated graphite atomizer for atomic absorption spectrometry with longitudinal Zeeman
background correction. The dependence of integrated absorbance on various chemical modifiers has been examined. The most appropriate
technique proved to be 5 μl sample injection using 20 μg prereduced palladium-nitrate for Se determination, and 20 μl sample
injection applying 10 μg palladium-nitrate + 3 μg magnesium-nitrate for the measurements of Sn. The optimal temperature program
was found to be 1200 °C pyrolysis and 2100 °C atomisation temperature for Se and 1500 °C pyrolysis and 2300 °C atomisation
temperature for Sn. Accuracy of the applied techniques was tested by the analysis of standard reference materials. The precision
was ±5% for Se and ±10% for Sn. The range of recovery values was 85–95% for Se and 95–105% for Sn. The mean Se concentrations
in the investigated brain parts ranged from 200 to 700 ng/g, while the Sn concentrations were between 20 and 300 ng/g dry
weight.
Received October 3, 2000. Revision February 1, 2001. 相似文献
8.
Lu Sheng Jiaping Chen Jing Li Weiyun Zhang 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2011,163(5):669-678
The exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a polysaccharide from cultivated Cordyceps sinensis, which possesses immunomodulatory and antitumor effects, was purified by DEAE-32 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 gel. The preliminary
characters of EPS were analyzed by IR and GC, and the molecular weight was estimated by gel filtration. The effect of EPS
on proliferation ability of lymphocytes from ICR mice was assayed by MTT method. The mRNA and protein expression levels of
several cytokines in spleen and thymus cells were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. The results showed that EPS consists of mannose,
glucose, and galactose in a ratio of 23:1:2.6. Its molecular weight is about 1.04 × 105. EPS elevated proliferation ability of spleen lymphocytes only at 100 μg/ml after 48 h treatment. Tumor necrosis factor alpha
(TNF-α), interferon-α (IFN-γ), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) mRNA levels in splenocytes and thymocytes were increased after EPS
treatment for 2, 4, 8, or 20 h. EPS also significantly elevated splenic TNF-α and IFN-γ protein expressions at 100 μg/ml and
increased thymic TNF-α and IFN-γ protein levels at 50 and 100 μg/ml. These data indicated that EPS may stimulate cytokine
expressions of immunocytes. 相似文献
9.
M. Peisach 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1972,12(2):251-259
Triton-induced reactions on oxygen were studied with a view to using the prompt γ-rays for analytical purposes. Five γ-rays
were found to be potentially useful, of which three had a high intensity, the n(1, 0), n(2, 0) and p(1, 0) γ-rays, the other
two being the n(3, 0) and the unresolved pair α(1, 0)–α(2, 0). The γ-rays are labelled according to the conventions(a,b), wheres is the light prompt product and the γ-photon is emitted by de-excitation from levela tob in the heavy product nucleus. The method had a relative precision of 2 to 3.5% for surface oxygen concentrations from 50
to 3 μg/cm2. The sensitivity with 1 900 keV tritons was 0.13 μg/cm2 on surfaces of steel or copper which did not yield interfering γ-rays, but 0.45 μg/cm2 on aluminium where interfering γ-rays were emitted. 相似文献
10.
Abstract— The photoprotective effect of topically applied α-tocopheryl acetate (vitamin E acetate), a stable derivative of α-tocopherol (vitamin E), and its possible bioconversion to the active antioxidant species (α-tocopherol) was examined in skin tissue of female hairless mice (HRS/J) exposed to UV-B irradiation. Our results indicate that topically applied α-tocopheryl acetate is absorbed into and retained by skin tissue. Furthermore, skin tissue from UV-B-irradiated animals that received daily topical α-tocopheryl acetate treatments contained significantly higher levels (P < 0.001) of α-tocopheryl acetate than non-UV-B-irradiated mice that received identical daily topical α-tocopheryl acetate treatments. Finally, free α-tocopherol levels in skin also were significantly increased (P < 0.00 1) by topical applications of α-tocopheryl acetate and skin levels of free α-tocopherol were significantly greater (P < 0.001) in UV-B-irradiated animals that received daily topical α-tocopheryl acetate treatments than in non-UV-Birradiated animals. These results suggest that UV-B irradiation enhances both the absorption of α-tocopheryl acetate and its bioconversion to free α-tocopherol. 相似文献
11.
A procedure for the determination of the drug chloramphenicol using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was proposed.
The optimum pairs of antibodies and antigens labeled with fluorescein were chosen, and the analytical characteristics of the
procedure were determined. A rapid procedure for milk sample preparation with the use of a saturated solution of ammonium
sulfate was optimized. The total time of sample preparation and determination of chloramphenicol in milk was no longer than
10 min. The detection limits of chloramphenicol in water and milk were 10 ng/mL and 20 μg/kg, respectively. The procedure
developed for the determination of chloramphenicol was tested in the analysis of model and real milk samples. It was found
that some milk samples contained chloramphenicol in concentrations of 38–41 μg/kg, which are several times higher than the
maximum permissible concentration (MPC) (10 μg/kg). 相似文献
12.
PRODUCTS AND RELATIVE REACTION RATES OF THE OXIDATION OF TOCOPHEROLS WITH SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Abstract— The relative reactivity of singlet molecular oxygen, 02 (1 Δg ), α-,β-,Γ-and δ with -tocopherol (vitamin E) was investigated using microwave discharge generation as a uniquely clean source of singlet oxygen and using a hydrocarbon solvent to approximate the membrane environment. The relative efficiencies of the tocopherols for O2 (1 Δg) were found to decrease in the order: D-α-tocopherol > D-β-tocopheroI > D–Γ-tocopherol > D-δ-tocopherol. The reaction products in all cases were found to be mixtures of quinone and quinone epoxides apparently resulting from decomposition of the primary product, the hydroperoxydienone. 相似文献
13.
R. P. Choudhury R. Acharya A. G. C. Nair A. V. R. Reddy A. N. Garg 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,276(1):85-93
Four plant parts (leaves, roots, fruits and seeds) of twenty samples of sixteen antidiabetic herbs including three commercially
marketed capsules have been analyzed for 6 minor (Na, K, Ca, Cl, Mg, and P) and 21 trace (As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu,
Eu, Fe, Hg, La, Mn, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Th, V and Zn) elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Further,
Ni, Cd and Pb contents were determined by AAS. Elemental data were validated by simultaneously analyzing reference material
(RM), MPH-2 Mixed Polish Herbs. Several elements such as Cr and V (1–2 μg/g), Rb (10–40 μg/g), Cs (80–300 ng/g), Se (∼100
ng/g) and Zn (25–60 μg/g) play an important role in diabetes mellitus. Interelemental linear correlations have been observed
for Cu vs. Zn (r = 0.89) and Rb vs. Cs (r = 0.87). K/P ratio varies in a narrow range with a mean value of 6.2 ± 1.4. Toxic elements As and Hg were found in <1 μg/g
whereas Cd and Pb were in ∼5 μg/g and <10 μg/g, respectively. 相似文献
14.
Valiollah Babaeipour Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati Rasoul Khalilzadeh Nader Maghsoudi Amir Mohammad Farnoud 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2010,160(8):2366-2376
Development of inexpensive and simple culture media and appropriate induction conditions are always favorable for industry.
In this research, chemical composition and stoichiometric data for γ-interferon production and recombinant Escherichia coli growth were used in order to achieve a simple medium and favorable induction conditions. To achieve this goal, the effects
of medium composition and induction conditions on the production of γ-interferon were investigated in batch culture of E. coli BL21 (DE3) [pET3a-ifnγ]. These conditions were considered as suitable conditions for the production of γ-interferon: 2.5× M9 medium, supplemented
with a mixture of amino acids (milligram per liter), including glutamic acid 215, aspartic acid 250, lysine 160, and phenylalanine
90, and induction at late-log phase (OD600 = 4.5). Under these conditions, dry cell weight of 6 ± 0.2 g/l and γ-interferon concentration of 2.15 ± 0.1 g/l were obtained.
Later, without changing the concentration ratio of amino acids and glucose, the effect of increase in the primary glucose
concentration on productivity of γ-interferon was investigated. It was found that 25 g/l glucose will result in maximum attainable
biomass and recombinant human γ-interferon. At improved conditions, a dry cell weight of 14 ± 0.2 g/l, concentration and overall
productivity of γ-interferon 4.2 ± 0.1 g/l and 420 ± 10 mg/l h, respectively, were obtained. 相似文献
15.
Byrdwell WC 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2011,401(10):3317-3334
A method is demonstrated for analysis of vitamin D fortified dietary supplements that eliminates virtually all chemical pretreatment
prior to analysis, which is referred to as a “dilute-and-shoot” method. Three mass spectrometers, in parallel, plus a UV detector,
an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD), and a corona charged aerosol detector (CAD) were used to allow a comparison
of six detectors simultaneously. Ultraviolet data were analyzed using internal standard, external standard, and response factor
approaches. The contents of gelcaps that contained 2,000 IU (50 μg) vitamin D3 in rice bran oil, diluted to 100 mL, were analyzed without the need for lengthy saponification and extraction. Vitamin D3 was analyzed using UV detection, extracted ion chromatograms, selected ion monitoring (SIM) atmospheric pressure chemical
ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS), and two transitions of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) APCI-MS. The internal standard,
external standard, and response factor methods gave values of 0.5870 ± 0.0045, 0.5893 ± 0.0041, and 0.5889 ± 0.0045 μg/mL,
respectively, by UV detection. The values obtained by MS were 0.6117 ± 0.0140, 0.6018 ± 0.0244, and 0.5848 ± 0.0146 μg/mL
by SIM and two transitions of MRM, respectively. The triacylglycerols in the oils were analyzed using full-scan APCI-MS, electrospray
ionization (ESI) MS, up to MS4, an ELSD, and a CAD. The method proved to be very sensitive for vitamin D3, as well as triacylglycerols (TAGs), allowing identification of intact TAGs containing fatty acids up to 28 carbons in length.
LC-ESI-MS of glycerin polymers is also demonstrated. 相似文献
16.
G. J. Stock Jr. E. A. Schweikert 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1979,52(1):117-126
A novel method for the characterization of metal containing biological compounds has been developed which utilizes both nuclear
activation [e.g.,12C(3He, α)11C] and atomic activations (X-ray emission) induced by 8 MeV3He bombardment. Detection limits for carbon (≈1 μg), oxygen (≈1μg), and metals (1 to 10 ng for elements between P and Zn)
were obtained under routine experimental conditions. The metal stoichiometry of six different compounds (alkaline phosphatase,
amylase, carbonic anhydrase, diamine oxidase, my oglobin, vitamin B12) were determined with typical relative precisions of ±25% for a 40 μg sample. A comparison of these ratios with carbon and
metal measurements obtained by other methods showed a relative accuracy of 1 to 20%. 相似文献
17.
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been compared
for the analysis of 2-isopropyl thioxanthone (ITX) and 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EHDAB). Pressurized liquid extraction
(PLE) was applied for the extraction of ITX and EHDAB from milk and milk-based beverages. Samples were homogenized with sea
sand and anhydrous sodium sulfate, and were extracted with ethyl acetate at 100 °C and 10.3 × 106 Pa in one cycle of 10 min at 90% flush. Both, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS were suitable to determine these photoinitiators in the
PLE extracts, providing appropriate identification and quantification. The recoveries obtained ranged from 70 to 99% for ITX
and from 70 to 95% for EHDAB. These recoveries were equal as those obtained by a conventional liquid–liquid partitioning with
acetonitrile and tert-butyl methyl ether–hexane. The quantification limits using GC-MS, based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 10, were 0.5 μg/L for
ITX and 1 μg/L for EHDAB. The repeatability of the method, as indicated by the relative standard deviations, was within the
range 0.9–16.1%. The same parameters calculated using LC-MS/MS result in quantification limits of 0.1 μg/L for ITX and 0.02 μg/L
for EHDAB and repeatability within the range 5.2–19.4%. These results pointed out that both techniques are appropriate to
determine these compounds in food samples. The method was applied to milk and milk-based beverages from different supermarkets.
The ITX and EHDAB contents ranged from 2.5 to 325 μg/L and from 8 to 126 μg/L, respectively.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
18.
The thermal and structural properties of binary blends of Nylon-6 (N6) and a chemically related biopolymer, Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF), are reported in this work. Homopolymers and blends, in composition ratios of N6/SF ranging from 95/05
to 70/30, were investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Silk fibroin typically degrades at temperatures just
above 210°C, which occurs within the melting endotherm of N6. In TG studies, the measured mass remaining was slightly greater
than expected, indicating the blends had improved thermal stability. No beta sheet crystals of SF were detected by FTIR analysis
of the Amide I region.
Strong interaction between N6 and SF chains was observed, possibly as a result of formation of hydrogen bonds between N6 and
SF chains. DSC analysis showed that the addition of SF to N6 caused a decrease in the crystallization temperature, the melting
temperature of the lowest melting crystals and the crystallinity of N6. Furthermore, the α-crystallographic phase dominates
and the γ-crystallographic phase was not observed in N6/SF blends, in contrast to the homopolymer N6, which contains both
phases. We suggest that the addition of SF might result in changes of the chain extension of N6, which lead to the appearance
of α-rather than γ-phase crystals. 相似文献
19.
Summary The analysis of α, β, γ, δ-tocopherols, trienols, α-tocopheryl acetate and nicotinate (vitamin E) in complex matrices was
carried out using a new liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method giving better separation efficiency, selectivity and sensitivity
than that described in the literature. The use of normal-phase (NP)-HPLC on silica gel with issoctane-diisopropylether-1,4-dioxane
as optimized mobilepphase yielded higher resolution than conventional reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC using methanol mobile phase.
Identification of peaks was by UV-absorbance at 295 nm, diode array, or fluorescence detection (λ
ex = 295 nm,λ
ex = 330 nm). The latter was found to be more selective and ten times more sensitive than UV-absorbance detection. A quadrupole,
ion-trap mass spectrometer with an atmospheric-pressure ionization (APCl) interface was used to detect vitamin E constituents
in the femtomole range. With collision-induced dissociation (CID) in the ion source, which gave characteristic fragmentation,
the identity of the investigated compounds could be confirmed. Plots of peak area versus amount injected allowed quantitation
of α, β, γ, δ-tocopherols and-trienols, α-tocopheryl acetate and nicotinate in real samples such as peanut, almond, spinach,
spelt grain bran, latex and tablets. The method described offers fast identification and quantitation of vitamin E constituents
of complex biological origin.
Dedicated to Professor Dr. Heinz Engelhardt on the occasion of his 65th birthday. 相似文献
20.
The use, for analysis, of prompt gamma-rays excited by 5 MeV alpha-particles from the reactions19F(α,α′γ)19F,19F(α, nγ)22Na and19F(α, pγ)22NE, was studied. The precision of the analyses depended on the gamma-ray energy used for the measurement. Relative standard
deviations were ±1.8, ±0.9 and ±1.3% using the 110-, 197- or 1275 keV gamma-rays. The method was tested with N. I. M. standard
materials of calcium fluoride and fluorspar, and was used as a rapid method for the determination of fluorine in cements. 相似文献