高分辨连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定面制食品中的铝

使用微波消解-高分辨连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定四种面制食品(挂面、饺子皮、油条和梳打饼干)中铝的含量.样品置于密闭聚四氟乙烯消解罐中经HNO3和H2O2混合溶液完全消解.对微波消解条件、灰化温度和原子化温度进行了优化.确定最佳实验条件为:消解液HNO3和H2O2体积比7∶1,微波功率1 000 W,190℃消解4...     

转基因水稻糙米中痕量铅和镉的交联羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖微柱预富集-GFAAS测定研究

建立了以交联羧甲基魔芋葡甘聚糖(CCMKGM)为微柱预富集-GFAAS测定转基因水稻糙米中痕量铅和镉的新方法。考察了溶液的pH值、样品流速和体积、洗脱液的浓度和体积及共存离子干扰等因素对CCMKGM微柱吸附重金属的影响。结果表明:在优化条件下,方法用于富集、测定转基因水稻及亲本糙米中Pb和Cd的检出限分别为0.11和0.002μg.L-1;测定大米标准参考物质中Pb和Cd的含量,结果与标准参考值相吻合。对转基因水稻及亲本糙米进行标准加入回收实验及测定,回收率分别在90%～103%和93%～105%范围。该研究可为转基因水稻中痕量Pb和Cd分析提供技术支持。     

高分辨连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中铅、镉和铬含量

使用高分辨连续光源石墨炉原子吸收光谱法对谷类、蔬菜、饮品、海产品和乳制品五类共22种常见食品中的重金属元素铅、镉和铬进行了研究。建立了样品预处理、样品消解和定量分析的实验方法,得到了良好的分析精密度(RSD=1.3%～4.9%) 和回收率(95.1%～104.6%)。结果表明,茶叶中的铅和贝类中的铬含量远远大于其他食品,小米、韭菜和贝类中的镉含量较高。本研究为食品中重金属的检测建立了可靠的定量分析方法,为推动食品质量安全相关标准的制定提供了实验依据;同时,根据测定结果得出的食品中重金属含量的分布情况,对提高消费者的食品安全意识能够起到积极的引导作用。     

激光波长对水中金属元素激光诱导击穿光谱探测的影响

针对激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)在海洋应用中的问题,对1 064和532nm两个激发波长下水中LIBS光谱特性进行探测分析,以比较其烧蚀效果。通过激光诱导等离子体的时间分辨光谱,分析水下等离子体电子密度随时间的演化规律,1 064nm激光诱导等离子体寿命约为1 200ns,而532nm激光激发情况下等离子体寿命仅约为600ns。基于光在水中的传输特性和LIBS的实验结果,建立了获得最佳LIBS探测效果所需的入水前激光脉冲能量Eiopt(r)与探测距离r的关系,并应用到水下原位探测的模拟分析。结果表明,当探测距离不大于5cm时,所需的入水前1 064nm激光单脉冲能量小于100mJ,该激发波长可用于LIBS的水下探测;当探测距离增至10cm时,所需的入水前532nm激光单脉冲能量只需30mJ左右。因此,当原位探测距离增加时,则需考虑选择532nm激光作为烧蚀光源。     

Effects of Cl, NO3 and SO4 anions on the anodic behavior of carbon steel in deaerated 0.50 M NaHCO3 solutions

The effects of Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ aggressive anions on the corrosion and passivation behavior of carbon steel electrode in deaerated 0.50 M NaHCO₃ solutions were studied using potentiodynamic anodic polarization and SEM techniques. It was found that the presence of Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ anions stimulates the anodic dissolution rate in both the active and the pre-passive potential regions. Moreover, significantly great effects were observed in both the passive and the trans-passive potential regions. Pitting corrosion was observed only in the presence of Cl⁻ anions, while the presence of NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ anions facilitate only passivation by oxygen of water without themselves participating in the cathodic process. Also, it was observed that the effect of NO₃⁻ anion, which is a strong oxidizing agent acting “primarily” as stimulator of the cathodic process and then its reaction product acts “indirectly” retarding the anodic process. On the other hand, the effect of SO₄²⁻ anion, which is a non-oxidizing agent, exerts an “indirect” effect on the cathodic reaction increasing its rate and then “directly” influence on the anodic reaction, retarding it.