Cesàro α-Integrability and Laws of Large Numbers-II

For a sequence of random variables, a new set of properties called Cesàro α-Integrability and Strong Cesàro α-Integrability was recently introduced in an earlier paper and these properties were used to prove several new laws of large numbers, namely both Strong and Weak Laws of Large Numbers for pairwise-independent random variables as well as WLLN for some dependent sequences of random variables. In this paper, a set of weaker conditions called Residual Cesàro α-Integrability and Strong Residual Cesàro α-Integrability are introduced and significant improvements over earlier results are obtained. In addition, new results on L _p -convergence, for 0 < p < 2, and SLLN for some dependent sequences are proved.      

Stability of contact discontinuities for the nonisentropic Euler equations

We study the stability of contact discontinuities for the nonisentropic Euler equations in two or three space dimensions. A simple criterion predicting neutral stability or violent instability is given.

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Sunto Si studia la stabilità delle discontinuità di contatto per le equazioni di Eulero non isentropiche in dimensione di spazio 2 e 3. Viene presentato un criterio semplice per la stabilità neutrale e l’instabilità violenta.

     

Principe d’Incertitude et Positivité des Opérateurs à Trace; Applications aux Opérateurs Densité

We discuss a necessary (but generally not sufficient) condition for a self-adjoint trace-class operator to be positive. This allows us to state a relation between density operators and the notion of symplectic quantum cell introduced in a previous work. We also apply Hardy’s uncertainty principle to Gaussian estimates for the Wigner distribution. This allows us to recover in a very simple way the fact that the Wigner transform of a square integrable function cannot have compact support.

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Résumé. Nous discutons une condition nécessaire (mais non suffisante en général) pour qu’un opérateur à trace auto-adjoint soit positif. Ceci nous permet d’énoncer une relation entre l’opérateur de densité et la notion de cellule quantique symplectique introduite dans un travail précédent. Nous appliquons également le principe d’incertitude de Hardy à l’étude des majorations de la distribution de Wigner par des gaussiennes; ceci nous permet de retrouver très simplement le fait que la transformée de Wigner d’une fonction de carré intégrable ne peut être à support compact.

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Les auteurs de cet article ont été financés par le projet Eucetifa MEXT-CT-2004-517154 de l’Union Européenne.

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Submitted: February 19, 2007. Accepted: October 3, 2007.     

Brill–Noether theory of curves on Enriques surfaces I: the positive cone and gonality

We study the existence of linear series on curves lying on an Enriques surface and general in their complete linear system. Using a method that works also below the Bogomolov–Reider range, we compute, in all cases, the gonality of such curves. We also give a new result about the positive cone of line bundles on an Enriques surface and we show how this relates to the gonality. Dedicated to the memory of Silvano Bispuri. The work of A. L. Knutsen is partially supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 6th European Community Framework Programme. The work of A. F. Lopez is partially supported by the MIUR national project “Geometria delle varietà algebriche” COFIN 2002--2004.     

Asymptotic height optimization for topical IFS, Tetris heaps, and the finiteness conjecture

Given an Iterated Function System (IFS) of topical maps verifying some conditions, we prove that the asymptotic height optimization problems are equivalent to finding the extrema of a continuous functional, the average height, on some compact space of measures. We give general results to determine these extrema, and then apply them to two concrete problems. First, we give a new proof of the theorem that the densest heaps of two Tetris pieces are sturmian. Second, we construct an explicit counterexample to the Lagarias-Wang finiteness conjecture for the joint spectral radius of a set of matrices.

RÉSUMÉ. Etant donné un système itéré de fonctions (IFS) topicales, vérifiant certaines conditions, nous montrons que les questions d'optimisation asymptotique de la hauteur sont équivalentes à la recherche des extrema d'une fonctionnelle continue, la hauteur moyenne, sur un certain espace compact de mesures. Nous présentons des résultats généraux permettant de déterminer ces extrema, puis appliquons ces méthodes à deux problèmes concrets. Premièrement, nous redémontrons que les empilements les plus denses de deux pièces de Tetris sont sturmiens. Deuxièmement, nous construisons un contre-exemple effectif à la conjecture de finitude de Lagarias et Wang sur le rayon spectral joint d'un ensemble de matrices.

     

A non-commutative version of the first alexandroff decomposition theorem in ordered topological groups

In this paper we establish a decomposition theorem for a positive regular measure on an orthoalgebra with values in an ordered topological group not necessarily commutative. We deduce from it the A. D. Alexandroff’s classical first decomposition theorem and we discuss its uniqueness in the setting of metric spaces. This research is partially supported by the project Analisi Reale of Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (Italy) and by Gruppo Nazionale per l’Analisi Funzionale e Applicazioni (Italy).     

About the properties ( V ) and ( R.D.P. ) in injective tensor products

In questo lavoro vogliamo provare che seX è uno spazio di Banach del tipoL _∞ con la proprietà (V) of Pelczynski (rispettivamente con la Reciproca Proprietà di Dunford Pettis) eY è uno spazio di Banach riflessivo alloraX⊗_ɛ Y ha la proprietà (V) (rispettivamente la Reciproca Proprietà di Dunford Pettis).

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Work partially supported by M.U.R.S.T. (40%).     

On the Proper Homotopy Invariance of the Tucker Property

A non-compact polyhedron P is Tucker if, for any compact subset K begong to P, the fundamental group π1 （P - K） is finitely generated. The main result of this note is that a manifold which is proper homotopy equivalent to a Tucker polyhedron is Tucker. We use Poenaru＇s theory of the equivalence relations forced by the singularities of a non-degenerate simplicial map.     

Piecewise linear approximations in nonconvex nonsmooth optimization

We present a bundle type method for minimizing nonconvex nondifferentiable functions of several variables. The algorithm is based on the construction of both a lower and an upper polyhedral approximation of the objective function. In particular, at each iteration, a search direction is computed by solving a quadratic program aiming at maximizing the difference between the lower and the upper model. A proximal approach is used to guarantee convergence to a stationary point under the hypothesis of weak semismoothness. This research has been partially supported by the Italian “Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca”, under PRIN project Ottimizzazione Non Lineare e Applicazioni (20079PLLN7_003).     

On locally <Emphasis Type="Italic">A</Emphasis>-convex <Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>*-algebras

We endow any proper A-convex H*-algebra (E, τ) with a locally pre-C*-topology. The latter is equivalent to that introduced by the pre C*-norm given by Ptàk function when (E, τ) is a Q-algebra. We also prove that the algebra of complex numbers is the unique proper locally A-convex H*-algebra which is barrelled and Q-algebra.      

An Identification Problem for First-Order Degenerate Differential Equations

We study a first-order identification problem in a Banach space. We discuss the nondegenerate and mainly the degenerate case. As a first step, suitable hypotheses on the involved closed linear operators are made in order to obtain unique solvability after reduction to a nondegenerate case; the general case is then handled with the help of new results on convolutions. Some applications to partial differential equations motivate this abstract approach.Communicated by I. GalliganiWork partially supported by MIUR (Ministero dell’ Istruzione, dell’ Università e dalla Ricerca), Project PRIN 2004011204 “Analisi Matematica nei Problemi Inversi,” and by the University of Bologna Funds for Selected Research Topics.     

Distributional versions of littlewood’s Tauberian theorem

We provide several general versions of Littlewood’s Tauberian theorem. These versions are applicable to Laplace transforms of Schwartz distributions. We employ two types of Tauberian hypotheses; the first kind involves distributional boundedness, while the second type imposes a one-sided assumption on the Cesàro behavior of the distribution. We apply these Tauberian results to deduce a number of Tauberian theorems for power series and Stieltjes integrals where Cesàro summability follows from Abel summability. We also use our general results to give a new simple proof of the classical Littlewood one-sided Tauberian theorem for power series.     

Monomial ideals, edge ideals of hypergraphs, and their graded Betti numbers

We use the correspondence between hypergraphs and their associated edge ideals to study the minimal graded free resolution of squarefree monomial ideals. The theme of this paper is to understand how the combinatorial structure of a hypergraph ℋ appears within the resolution of its edge ideal ℐ(ℋ). We discuss when recursive formulas to compute the graded Betti numbers of ℐ(ℋ) in terms of its sub-hypergraphs can be obtained; these results generalize our previous work (Hà, H.T., Van Tuyl, A. in J. Algebra 309:405–425, 2007) on the edge ideals of simple graphs. We introduce a class of hypergraphs, which we call properly-connected, that naturally generalizes simple graphs from the point of view that distances between intersecting edges are “well behaved.” For such a hypergraph ℋ (and thus, for any simple graph), we give a lower bound for the regularity of ℐ(ℋ) via combinatorial information describing ℋ and an upper bound for the regularity when ℋ=G is a simple graph. We also introduce triangulated hypergraphs that are properly-connected hypergraphs generalizing chordal graphs. When ℋ is a triangulated hypergraph, we explicitly compute the regularity of ℐ(ℋ) and show that the graded Betti numbers of ℐ(ℋ) are independent of the ground field. As a consequence, many known results about the graded Betti numbers of forests can now be extended to chordal graphs. Dedicated to Anthony V. Geramita on the occasion of his 65th birthday.     

Classification des métriques invariantes à gauche sur le groupe de Heisenberg

We give the classification, up to automorphisms, of the left invariant metrics on the Heisenberg group. We determine the Riemannian curvature tensor, the Killing vector fields for these metrics and the minimal codimension of the totaly geodesic submanifolds.

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Travail élaboré à partir d’un séjour du premier auteur à l’Università di Cagliari, dans le cadre d’un contrat de Visiting Professor du C.N.R. d’Italie.     

Uniqueness of weak solutions of unsteady motions of viscous compressible fluids

The uniqueness of compressible viscous fluids has been proved in an exterior domain or in a bounded domain when the density tends to zero.

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Sunto In questo lavoro è dimostrata l’unicità della soluzione debole per fluidi viscosi compressibili in un domino esterno e anche in un dominio limitato quando la densità va a zero.

     

Extensions of commutative rings in which trees of prime ideals contract to trees

Résumé  Une extensionA⊂B des anneaux (commutatifs) satisfait à la propriété si tout arbre dans Spec(B) couvre un arbre dans Spec(A). Il est possible qu'une extension entière d'un anneau Noethérien ne satisfait pas à . SiA⊂B soit unei-extension satisfaisante à soit “going-up” soit “going-down”, alorsA⊂B satisfait à . Cependant, une extension d'anneaux satisfaisante à “going-up”, “going-down”, et peut être nonunibranche dans hauteur >1. Un anneau intègreA a le spectre d'un arbre si et seulement siA⊂B satisfait àP pour tout anneau intègreB contenantA (resp., suranneau de BézoutB deA). De plus, si un anneau intègreA n'ait pas de spectre d'un arbre mais soit localement de dimension finie, (par exemple, tout anneau intègre Noethérien de dimension au moins 2), alors il existe un suranneau de BézoutB deA et un arbre saturé dans Spec(B) de sorte que card=4 et l'image de à l'égard de la flèche canonique Spec(B)→Spec(A) est un ensemble saturé tel que card =3 mais n'est pas d'arbre. On donne également des caractérisations associées des classes desi-domaines et des ai-domaines.      

Tuning Strategy for the Proximity Parameter in Convex Minimization

We present a new bundle method in which the use of the proximal trajectory of the cutting plane function allows the automatic tuning of the proximity parameter. An updating criterion of the stability center based on the agreement between the objective function and the polyhedral model is presented. Convergence properties are provided together with some numerical results.This research has been partially supported by the Italian Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca Scientifica under FIRB Project RBNE01WBBB, Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization.     

Nonstationary probabilities and time correlation functions for an asymmetric exclusion process

We give the complete solution of the master equation for a system of interacting particles with finite density. We obtain the solution using a new form of the Bethe ansatz for an asymmetric simple exclusion process on the ring. We first find the one-point time correlation function for the discrete version of the process. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 146, No. 3, pp. 499–508, March, 2006.     

Ordered sets with interval representation and (m,n)-Ferrers relation

Semiorders may form the simplest class of ordered sets with a not necessarily transitive indifference relation. Their generalization has given birth to many other classes of ordered sets, each of them characterized by an interval representation, by the properties of its relations or by forbidden configurations. In this paper, we are interested in preference structures having an interval representation. For this purpose, we propose a general framework which makes use of n-point intervals and allows a systematic analysis of such structures. The case of 3-point intervals shows us that our framework generalizes the classification of Fishburn by defining new structures. Especially we define three classes of ordered sets having a non-transitive indifference relation. A simple generalization of these structures provides three ordered sets that we call “d-weak orders”, “d-interval orders” and “triangle orders”. We prove that these structures have an interval representation. We also establish some links between the relational and the forbidden mode by generalizing the definition of a Ferrers relation.