The Interaction of a N-Type Four Level Atom with the Electromagnetic Field for a Kerr Medium Induced Intensity-Dependent Coupling

The interaction of a N-type four-level atom with a single field in the presence of an intensity-dependent coupling in a nonlinear Kerr medium is investigated. The exact analytic solution is obtained in the case that the atom and electromagnetic field are initially in a higher excited state and a coherent state, respectively. It is then demonstrated that effects such as nonclassical light generation, degree of entanglement stabilization, Kerr medium nonclassical control, and squeezed light are can be more efficiently implemented within this four-level framework than in many competing procedures. Additionally, inversion, linear entropy, Mandel Q-parameter and normal squeezing dynamics are examined.     

Thermal Squeezed State Representation of Scalar Field and Energy Density in Semiclassical Theory of Gravity

The semiclassical theory of gravity is studied in terms of representation of scalar field in thermal coherent state and thermal squeezed state formalisms. For the FRW cosmological model with a minimal scalar field, the semiclassical Einstein equation reduces to zero-point energy term plus a finite temperature term and classical term in thermal coherent state. In thermal squeezed vacuum state it reduces to quantum term in addition to the finite temperature term and zero-point energy term. The present study can account for nonclassical state and finite temperature effect contributions to energy density in semiclassical theory of gravity.     

叠加激发双模压缩真空态的量子统计特性(英文)

从激发双模压缩真空态a^+mb^+m|ξ>出发构造了叠加态|Ψ>,研究了|Ψ>的量子统计特性.结果表明:在一定的条件下,随着相位差的变化,叠加态|Ψ>的平均光子数出现类似于Rabi振荡的崩塌与复原现象,而且与单个激发双模压缩真空态a^+mb^+m|ξ>相比,在叠加态|Ψ>中光场的相位压缩和亚泊松光子统计特性都得到了加强.     

Four modes of optical parametric operation for squeezed state generation

We report a versatile instrument, based on a monolithic optical parametric amplifier, which reliably generates four different types of squeezed light. We obtained vacuum squeezing, low power amplitude squeezing, phase squeezing and bright amplitude squeezing. We show a complete analysis of this light, including a full quantum state tomography. In addition we demonstrate the direct detection of the squeezed state statistics without the aid of a spectrum analyser. This technique makes the nonclassical properties directly visible and allows complete measurement of the statistical moments of the squeezed quadrature.Received: 10 March 2003, Published online: 26 August 2003PACS: 42.50.Dv Nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field, including entangled photon states; quantum state engineering and measurementsU.L. Andersen: Present address: Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics, Max-Planck Research Group, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.     

Deterministic generation of squeezing for a cavity field with a collection of driven atoms

We propose an efficient scheme for realizing squeezing for a cavity mode. In the scheme, a collection of ladder-type three-level atoms are trapped in a cavity and driven by two classical fields. Under certain conditions, the cavity field deterministically evolves to a squeezed state. The scheme can also be used for conditional generation of superpositions of different squeezed vacuum states.     

The ionization of atoms in an intense nonclassical electromagnetic field

The ionization of atoms in a strong nonclassical unimodal electromagnetic field was considered. It was shown that the probability of ionization could substantially change depending on the quantum state of the field even at a constant mean number of quanta in the radiation mode. The difference of ionization rates was especially large for multiphoton ionization processes. It was, in particular, shown that a nonclassical field could be much more effective from the point of view of the ionization of atoms than a classical field of the same intensity. The characteristics of the decay of a bound atomic system state in a strong nonclassical field were studied without invoking perturbation theory.     

The nonclassical properties of the superposition involving two squeezing coherent states

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Effect of squeezed vibrational states on the optical properties of molecular systems in a field of laser radiation

Specific features of optical and nonradiative transitions in molecular systems in the field of an intense electromagnetic wave are studied with account of squeezed vibrational states. It is shown that a field of laser radiation considerably enhances the tunneling processes in electronic vibrational systems and makes it possible to obtain the generation of higher harmonics. Conditions are found under which squeezed vibrational states can lead to some stabilization of excited electronic states with respect to the processes of luminescence.     

Nonclassical Field States in Quantum Optics and Particle Physics

The primary aim of the present paper is to draw the attention of particle physicists to new developments in studying squeezed and correlated states of the electromagnetic field, and those working on the latest developments to new findings about multiplicity distributions and other specific effects in quantum chromodynamics. New types of nonclassical states used in quantum optics such as squeezed states, correlated states, and even and odd coherent states (Schrödinger cat states) for one-mode and multimode interactions are reviewed. Their distribution functions are analyzed according to the method first used for multiplicity distributions in high-energy particle interactions. The phenomenon of oscillations of particle distribution functions of squeezed fields is described and related to the phenomenon of oscillations of cumulant moments of some distributions for squeezed and correlated field states. Possible extension of the method to fields different from the electromagnetic field (gluons, pions, etc.) is conjectured, and some predictions of specific effects in nucleus-nucleus interactions at high energies are presented.     

Coherence Properties of Squeezed Photon States

Within the algebraic frame of smeared photon fields, the coherence properties of squeezed multi-photon states are elaborated. The squeezing Bogoliubov automorphisms are constructed by means of suitable one-mode symplectic transformations in the infinite-dimensional test-function space. Transposed into the state space, these transformations are shown to preserve first-order coherence when applied to coherent, classical, Fock-normal states in spite of rendering them nonclassical. The cases, where first-order coherence is destroyed, are also classified. Very special conditions on the initial state modes and on the operation parameters are worked out, under which even second-order coherence is still valid for the transformed classical coherent states, in spite of exhibiting squeezed fluctuations.     

纠缠微波信号的特性及表示方法

纠缠微波信号是电磁场微波频段量子特性的体现.在总结了现有纠缠微波信号产生及验证实验的基础上,针对目前没有统一的表达式来描述纠缠微波信号格式的问题,通过深入分析纠缠微波信号的特性,提出了两种纠缠微波信号的表示方法.一种是在量子框架下,利用双模压缩真空态表示,并分别在光子数表象下和Wigner分布下分析了其信号特征,刻画了正交分量之间的正反关联特性;另一种是在经典框架下,利用关联随机信号表示,刻画了测量后纠缠微波信号场幅度正交分量随时间变化的波形图.两种表示恰当合理地反映了纠缠微波信号连续变量纠缠的特性.     

Squeezed states in the Jaynes-Cummings model

It is shown that squeezed states of the electromagnetic field are obtained in the Jaynes-Cummings model of an atomic transition coupled to a single mode, quantized electromagnetic field.     

Direct sampling of negative quasiprobabilities of a squeezed state

Although squeezed states are nonclassical states, so far, their nonclassicality could not be demonstrated by negative quasiprobabilities. In this work we derive pattern functions for the direct experimental determination of so-called nonclassicality quasiprobabilities. The negativities of these quantities turn out to be necessary and sufficient for the nonclassicality of an arbitrary quantum state and are therefore suitable for a direct and general test of nonclassicality. We apply the method to a squeezed vacuum state of light that was generated by parametric down-conversion in a second-order nonlinear crystal.     

Effects of vacuum fluctuation suppression on atomic decay rates

The use of atomic decay rates as a probe of sub-vacuum phenomena will be studied. Because electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations are essential for radiative decay of excited atomic states, decay rates can serve as a measure of the suppression of vacuum fluctuations in non-classical states, such as squeezed vacua. In such states, the renormalized expectation value of the square of the electric field or the energy density can be periodically negative, representing suppression of vacuum fluctuations. We explore the extent to which atomic decays can be used to measure the mean squared electric field or energy density. We consider a scheme in which atoms in an excited state transit a closed cavity whose lowest mode contains photons in a non-classical state. A crucial feature of our analysis is that we do not employ the rotating wave approximation. The change in the decay probability of the atom in the cavity due to the non-classical state can, under certain circumstances, serve as a measure of the mean squared electric field or energy density in the cavity. We make some estimates of the magnitude of this effect, which indicate that an experimental test might be possible, although very challenging.     

压缩相干态腔场的类自旋GHZ态的制备

压缩相干态是准粒子空间的相干态,研究大振幅情况下的单模压缩相干态腔场,其特性类似于大振幅下的单模相干态腔场,与自旋1/2的两态粒子同构.文中提出一种方案,利用大失谐的JaynesCummings模型来制备处于压缩相干态的三个腔场的类自旋GreenbergerHorneZeilinger(GHZ)态. 关键词： 压缩相干态 类自旋GHZ态 大失谐JaynesCumminys模型 同构     

A Scheme for Generating Entangled Squeezed States Based on Cavity QED

We propose a scheme for generating entangled squeezed vacuum states of electromagnetical fields. The scheme is based on cavity QED. In this scheme, an atom interacts, successively, with a classical field, two quantum cavity fields, and another classical field. By detecting the final states of the atom, the two quantum cavity fields will be projected to an entangled state.     

PREPARATION OF TWO-MODE NONCLASSICAL STATES IN AN ION TRAP BY A QUANTIZED LASER BEAM

Based on the former quantum-mechanical study on the effective harmonic trap confining an ultracold ion, we make a quantum-mechanical treatment for the radiation field of the laser. Thus some two-mode nonclassical states, i.e., an approximate two-mode squeezed state and different two-mode entangled Fock states can be prepared in the red- and blue-detuning cases, respectively, within Lamb-Dicke regime and strong confinement limit.     

真空场注入三态叠加MFSS光场广义电场的等幂偶次Y压缩

对真空场注入三态叠加MFSS(多模泛函叠加态)光场|ψ_0~(3)〉q广义电场分量的等幂次偶次振幅压缩特性进行了详细研究,分析了光场经典强度、经典振幅和经典相位的任意空间分布特征、以及真空场注入对该光场的广义电场分量的等幂偶次Y压缩效应其压缩幅度和压缩量的影响。结果发现:导致态|ψ_0~(3)〉q的广义电场分量存在等幂偶次2m次方Y压缩效应的根本原因在于模间的量子干涉效应、态间的量子干涉效应以及模间和态间的量子纠缠效应;真空场注入可使该光场广义电场分量的2m次方Y压缩效应增强、压缩幅度增大、压缩程度加深。     

Nonclassicality and Decoherence of Generalized Photon-Modulated Squeezed Thermal State

In this paper, we introduce the generalized photon-modulated squeezed thermal states (GPMSTS) obtained by repeatedly acting the combination of Bosonic creation and annihilation operation on the squeezed thermal state. We investigate the nonclassical properties of GPMSTS and its decoherence in a thermal environment according to the negative region of Wigner function. It is found that the normalization factor of GPMSTS is a Legendre polynomial. Especially, the decoherence effect is discussed by deriving the time evolution of the Wigner function.     

真空场注入非对称五态叠加多模泛函叠加态的高次振幅压缩

构造了由多模真空态、多模泛函相干态、多模泛函相干态的相反态、多模复共轭泛函相干态和多模复共轭泛函相干态的相反态这五个宏观上完全可分辩的量子态线性叠加所构成的强度不等的非对称五态叠加多模泛函叠加态光场|Ψ(5)vas〉q.利用多模压缩态理论,首次研究了态|Ψ(5)vas〉q的广义非线性等幂奇数次高次振幅压缩特性.结果发现:在一定的条件下,态|Ψ(5)vas〉q可呈现任意次的广义非线性等幂次高次振幅压缩效应,其压缩程度、压缩深度和压缩幅度与压缩次数、腔模总数、态间叠加几率幅、各模光场的经典强度以及经典初始相位的空间分布函数等强烈地非线性相关联;特别是,在特定条件下,真空场的注入可以提高压缩程度.