Total and visible cross sections for multilepton events in e+e− collisions

We calculate cross section for e⁺e^? scattering into four-lepton final states such as e⁺e^?e⁺e^?, e⁺e^?μ⁺μ^?, μ⁺μ^?μ⁺μ^?, μ⁺μ^?τ⁺τ^?. We also give exclusive cross sectionsfor all cases where one or more lepton tracks are at large angles to the beams. The calculations are performed using a Monte Carlo event generator which takes into account the complete set of relevant lowest order Feynman diagrams.     

Z boson effects in electron positron scattering at epic energies at 14 GeV

We discuss the problem of testing the intermediate vector boson effects in the reactions e^?e⁺ → e^?e⁺ + hadrons, e^?e⁺ → e^?e⁺ + μ^?μ⁺, e^?p → e^?x with the next generation of accelerators, and conclude that these reactions must be considered. The differential cross sections for the one lepton at large four-momentum transfer are obtained, and a significant contribution of Z effects is found.     

Analysis of e + e −→π+π−π+π− and e + e −→π+π−π0π0 processes in the energy range of \sqrt 2 = 0.98 - 1.38 GeV in experiments with a spherical neutral detector

The cross sections of the e ⁺ e ^?→π⁺π^?π ⁺π^?, e ⁺ e ^?→π⁺π^?π⁰π ⁰, and e ⁺ e ^?→ωπ→ π⁺π^?π ⁰π⁰ processes, as well as the e ⁺ e ^?→π⁺π^?π⁰π⁰ process with subtracted contribution of the ωπ intermediate state, are measured in experiments with a spherical neutral detector on the VEPP-2M collider in the energy range 0.98–1.38 GeV. About 41 000 events of the e ⁺ e ^?→π⁺π^?π⁺π ^? process and more than 54 000 events of the e ⁺ e ^?→π⁺π ^?π⁰π⁰ process have been selected in experiment. The statistical error in determining the cross section is 2–20%, while the systematic error is 7 and 8%.     

Study of some rare decays of the K+ meson

In a search for very rare decays of the K⁺ meson we observed the K⁺→μ⁺νe⁺e^? and K⁺→e⁺ν e⁺e^? modes with branching ratios of (10±3) ×10^?7 and (2⁺²_?2)×10^?7 respectively. We also put new limits on a decay allowed by the alternate scheme of lepton conservation K⁺→π^?μ⁺e⁺, on a decay with double charged weak current K⁺→π^? e⁺e⁺ and on other forbidden decays K⁺→μ^?νe⁺e⁺ and K⁺→π⁺μ^±e^±.     

Leptonic polarization asymmetries ate + e − colliders inE 6 theories

We examine the left-right and azimuthal polarization asymmetries of lepton pairs produced ine ⁺ e ^? ande ^? e ^? interactions as probes of new physics resulting fromE ₆ theories. The asymmetries are calculated and compared for the processese ⁺ e ^?→µ ⁺ µ ^?,e ⁺ e ^?→e ⁺ e ^?,e ^? e ^?→e ^? e ^?, ande ⁺ e ^?→L ⁺ L ^? whereL is either anE ₆ exotic, mirror, or fourth generation heavy lepton. Our results show that lepton polarization asymmetries can be used to easily distinguish differentE ₆ models and can be used to distinguish among possible new heavy leptonsL.     

The muon spectra from decays ofW- andZ-bosons produced ine + e −-collisions

The muon spectra from the decays ofW-andZ-bosons, produced ine ⁺ e ^?→W ⁺ W ^?,e ⁺ e ^?→Zγ,e ⁺ e ^?→ZZ ande ⁺ e ^?→ZH reactions have been obtained (H is the Higgs boson). It has been shown (in terms of Glashow-Weinberg-Salam theory) that the main source of muons are thee ⁺ e ^?→Zγ ande ⁺ e ^?→W ⁺ W ^? processes (over theW-boson production threshold). The contribution of thee ⁺ e ^?→ZZ ande ⁺ e ^?→ZH reactions to the inclusive muon spectra is small. It has been also shown, that it is possible to distinguish contributions of thee ⁺ e ^?→Zγ ande ⁺ e ^?→W ⁺ W ^? reactions if the decay muons move at a small angle to the initial electron momentum.     

Tests of QED and elektroweak theories at PETRA

We review experimental results from PETRA on the reactions:e ⁺ e ^?→e ⁺ e ^?, μ⁺ μ^?, τ⁺ τ^?, and γγ at centre-of-mass energies up to 36.7 GeV. The data are compared with the predictions of quantum electrodynamics and electroweak theories. The implication of the total cross section measurements fore ⁺ e ^?→q \(\bar q\) →hadrons with respect to the weak mixing angle is discussed.     

Evidence for a resonant structure of the hadron production from e+e− annihilations in the 1700–1950 cm energy region

We present experimental evidence for a resonant behaviour of the hadron production from e⁺e^? annihilations at the e⁺e^? storage ring ADONE. A Breit-Wigner fit to the enhancement present between 1800 and 1850 MeV gives the following parameters M = 1812_?13⁺⁷ MeV, Γ = 34_?15⁺²¹ MeV.     

Initial-state radiation at LEP energies and the corrections to Higgs boson production

It is shown that for e⁺e^? scattering processes described by the exchange of one photon or vector boson the O(α) radiative corrections to the initial state completely factorize the lowest-order cross section. This factorization holds for both hard and soft (or virtual) photons. We present a formalism for applying these radiative corrections in a process-independent way, and described the corresponding computer program. As an application we study the initial-state radiative corrections to the Higgs production processes e⁺e^? → μ⁺μ^?H and e⁺e^? → e⁺e^?H.     

Hard photon corrections for Bhabha scattering

Numerical results for the α³ differential cross section for e⁺e^? → e⁺e^? are presented for the case of e⁺e^? colliding beams. Special care is given to the hard photon corrections. Acoplanarity distributions for e⁺e^? → e⁺e^?γ are also presented. Attention is drawn to experimental conditions which require the calculation of still higher order corrections.     

The production of neutral vector mesons by bremsstrahlung in electron-positron colliding beams

We study the bremsstrahlung production of the ? meson in the reaction e⁺e^? → e⁺e^?? (→ e⁺e^?π⁺π^?). This reaction gives a C = ?1 background which complicates the study of C = +1 two-photon processes at the new colliding-beam facilities. The cross section for the reaction rises from approximately 0.3 nb to 0.7 nb as the beam energy increases from 2 GeV to 15 GeV. From a study of the distributions of the final leptons and pions, we find a suitable choice of cuts which will reduce the event rate down to a small fraction of R. It is not possible to attribute the three-prong events seen at DELCO and PLUTO to this particular production mechanism.     

Production ofW-bosons in high energye + e − ande − p collisions

We study the processe ⁺ e ^?→W+hadrons from theZ ⁰-pole to the threshold region forW-pair production, keeping the widths of theZ ⁰ andW finite. Already slightly below threshold the cross section is strongly depressed. Also the total cross section at theZ ⁰-peak is very small. We present a simple model to account for this. We also give exact results to lowest order for the weak Compton processese ⁺ e ^?→e ⁺ W ^? v _e ande ^? p→pW ^? v _e and compare them with results obtained with the equivalent photon approximation.     

Contributions of weak interactions to the processe^ + e^ - \to \bar v_\tau X^ + v_\tau X^ -

We calculate the differential cross section for the processe ⁺ e ^? →γ for longitudinal or transversal polarization of the electron positron beams. The resulting formulae are evaluated using Monte Carlo methods to find measurable effects of the weak interaction, in particular those exhibiting parity violation.     

On the interference betweenC-even andC-odd contributions to the reactione + e − →e + e − π+ π−

We calculate the interference between the bremsstrahlung and the photon-photon collision contributions to the differential cross-section ofe ⁺ e ^? →e ⁺ e ^? π⁺ π^?, for an experiment in which only one electron is tagged. The corresponding pion charge asymmetry has the same order of magnitude as the γγ cross-section in important parts of the phase space.     

The π N → e +e−N reaction close to the vector-meson production threshold

The π^? p→e ⁺ e ^? n and π⁺ n→e ⁺ e ^? p reaction cross sections are calculated below and in the vicinity of the vector-meson (?⁰,ω) production threshold. These processes are largely responsible for the emission of e ⁺e^? pairs in pion-nucleus reactions and contribute to the dilepton spectra observed in relativistic heavy ion collisions. They are dominated by the decay of low-lying baryon resonances into vector-meson-nucleon channels. The vector mesons materialize subsequently into e ⁺ e^? pairs. Using πN→?⁰ N and πN→ωN, amplitudes calculated in the center of mass energy interval 1.4 < √s<1.8 GeV, we compute the π^? p→e ⁺ e ^? n and π⁺ n→e ⁺ e ^? p reaction cross sections in these kinematics. Below the vector-meson production threshold, the π⁰?ω interference in the e ⁺ e^? channel appears largely destructive for the π^? p→e ⁺ e ^? n cross section and constructive for the π⁺ n→e ⁺ e ^? p cross section. The pion beam and the HADES detector at GSI offer a unique possibility to measure these effects. Such data would provide strong constraints on the coupling of vector-meson-nucleon channels to low-lying baryon resonances.     

Electroweak interference effects in the high energye ++e −→e ++e −+hadrons process

We examine interference effects of the electrowcak interaction in the high energye ⁺+e ^?→e ⁺ +e ^?+hadrons process. The effect provides a further test of the G-W-S model [1] and may lead to a better understanding of the photon structure functions.     

Screening effect of the coulomb interaction on the energy levels of atomic and molecular systems

The energies of atomic and molecular systems with a screened Coulomb interaction are expressed in terms of properties of the system with a conventional Coulomb interaction to the third order in the screening constant. The energy levels of an H atom, an H^? ion, and nonadiabatic systems, namely, the positronium ion e ⁺ e ^? e ^? and the positronium molecule e ⁺ e ⁺ e ^? e ^?, are calculated for screened Coulomb interactions of charged particles. It is demonstrated that, as the screening constant of the Coulomb interaction increases, the stability of the hydrogen atom, the H^? ion, and the positronium molecule e ⁺ e ⁺ e ^? e ^? decreases, whereas the stability of the positronium ion e ⁺ e ^? e ^? increases after a slight decrease.     

Effect of triple gluon coupling in semi-inclusive polarized scattering processes

We show that the gluon helicity inside a proton and a photon can be deduced from a knowledge of a special combination of cross sections of the semi-inclusive processese+p→e+π+π+... ande ⁺+e ^?→e ⁺+e ^?+π+π+... Such a measurement could thus be used to check the QCD prediction that the gluon helicity increases linearly with lnQ ².     

The discrepancy between τ and e + e − spectral functions revisited and the consequences for the muon magnetic anomaly

We revisit the procedure for comparing the π π spectral function measured in τ decays to that obtained in e ⁺ e ^? annihilation. We re-examine the isospin-breaking corrections using new experimental and theoretical input and find improved agreement between the τ ^?→π ^? π ⁰ ν _τ branching fraction measurement and its prediction using the isospin-breaking-corrected e ⁺ e ^?→π ⁺ π ^? spectral function, though not resolving all discrepancies. We recompute the lowest order hadronic contributions to the muon g?2 using e ⁺ e ^? and τ data with the new corrections and find a reduced difference between the two evaluations. The new tau-based estimate of the muon magnetic anomaly is found to be 1.9 standard deviations lower than the direct measurement.     

Determination of the radiative widths of the η′ and A2 from two-photon exchange production

From the two-photon exchange processes e⁺e^? → e⁺e^?η' (958) → e⁺e^??⁰γ and e⁺e^? → e⁺e^?A₂ (1310) → e⁺e^?π⁺π^?π⁰ observed using the CELLO detector at PETRA the radiative widths of the η' and A₂ have been determined with the results: Γ_γγ(η') = 5.4 ± 1.0[stat.] ± 0.7[syst.] keV; Γ_γγ(A₂) = 0.59 ± 0.14[stat.] _?0.08^+0.31[syst.] keV.