New sulfur derivatives of 2,3-dichloropyrrolo[1,2-a] benzimidazol-1-one. Demonstration of regioselective thiolate addition and X-ray diffraction structures of 2-chloro-3-methylthiopyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one and 2,3-di(benzylthio)pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one

The reaction of thiols with the heterocyclic compound 2,3-dichloropyrrolo[1,2-a] benzimidazol-1-one (1) has been investigated as a route to new redox-active, bidentate sulfur ligands. Treatment of 1 with either methylthiol or benzylthiol in the presence of pyridine affords monosulfide compounds 2-chloro-3-methylthiopyrrolo[1,2-a] benzimidazol-1-one (2) and 2-chloro-3-benzylthiopyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one (3) and the disulfide derivatives 2,3-di(methylthio)pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one (4) and 2,3-di(benzylthio)pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one (5). The substitution of the first chlorine group in 2,3-dichloropyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one (1) occurs regioselectively at C-3 to produce 2-chloro-3-methylthiopyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one (2) and 2-chloro-3-benzylthiopyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one (3), followed by replacement of the remaining chlorine group to furnish the disulfide compounds 4 and 5. The new thiols have been isolated by column chromatography and characterized in solution by spectroscopic methods. The molecular structures of 2-chloro-3-methylthiopyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one and 2,3-di(benzylthio)pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Compound 2 crystallizes as two independent molecules in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c, a = 13.221(2) Å, b = 18.478(2) Å, c = 8.948(1) Å, = 100.088(3)°, V = 2152.3(5) ų, Z = 8, and d_calc = 1.547 Mg/m³; R = 0.0354, R_w = 0.0739 for 2820 reflections with I > 2(I). Compound 5 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1, a = 5.180(1) Å, b = 11.494(2) Å, c = 17.243(3) Å, = 86.024(3)°, = 88.606(4)°, = 81.235(3)°, V = 1012.1(4) ų, Z = 2, and d_calc = 1.360 Mg/m³; R = 0.0354, R_w = 0.0692 for 2655 reflections with I > 2(I). The redox properties of the disulfide compounds 4 and 5 have been explored by cyclic voltammetry, where a one-electron reduction at ca. –1.10 V has been observed for each compound. The site of electron accession in has been established by carrying out molecular orbital calculations at the extended Hüuckel level on the model compound 2,3-di(thio)pyrrolo[1,2-a]benzimidazol-1-one.     

Structures and properties of 1,4-dithiins and related molecules

A series of organosulfur compounds was characterized by NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chemical analyses. The crystal structures of six compounds were determined: 1,3-dithioleno[4,5-e]naphtho[2,3-b]1,4-dithiin-2,5, 10-trione (1b), P , a = 7.665(4), b = 7.997(4), c = 11.443(5) Å, = 91.311(8), = 92.516(8), = 117.53(7)° 6,7-dimethylbenzo[1,2-b]1,3-dithioleno[4,5-e]1,4-dithiin-2,5,8-trione (2b), P2₁/m, a = 3.933(1), b = 12.864(2), c = 11.943(3) Å, = 99.161(4)° 6-phenyl-2-thioxo-6-hydrocyclopenta[2,1-b]1,3-dithioleno[4,5-e]1,4-dithiin-5,7-dione (3a), C2/c, a = 32.408(6), b = 3.8743(8), c = 27.123(5) Å, = 125.171(7)° 6-phenyl-1,3-dithioleno[4,5-e]3-pyrrolino[3,4-b]1,4-dithiin-5,7-trione (3b), P2₁/n, a = 7.9712(9), b = 6.1976(7), c = 55.978(6) Å, = 91.096(1)° 2,3,7,8-tetramethylthianthrene-1,4,6,9-tetraone (4), P2₁/c, a = 4.195(1), b = 17.924(5), c = 9.682(3) Å, = 98.509(5)° 3H,6H-1,4-oxathiino[6,5-2,1]naphtho[3,4-e]1,4-oxathiin-2,7-dione (5), P2₁/n, a = 9.3522(7), b = 7.8782(6), c = 17.118(1) Å, = 93.171(1)°. Several structures exhibited significant S—S intermolecular interactions, suggesting that the molecules might be precursors for preparing nonmetallic conductors.     

Molecular and crystal structure of a new tris(p-(diethylamino)phenyl)methylium salt with Cu(mnt)<Subscript>2</Subscript> dianion

A new salt (EV)₂[Cu(mnt)₂] [EV = tris(p-(diethylamino)phenyl)methylium; mnt = bis(1,2-dicyanovinylene-1,2-dithiolato)] was prepared by the reaction of [NBu₄]₂[Cu(mnt)₂] with ethyl violet dye (EV)Cl. The crystallographic data are: triclinic P–1, a = 11.1102(11) Å, b= 12.2768(12) Å, c = 14.0265(14) Å, = 98.987(2)°, = 97.972(2)°, = 110.402(2)°, V = 1732.2(3) ų, Z = 1. The [Cu(mnt)₂] dianion exhibits a quasi-square planar structure and the EV cation has a trigonal planar geometry with an A symmetric propeller-like conformation. A pseudo-dimmer of the EV cation and weak hydrogen bonds between the cation and the anion were observed in the crystal.     

Synthesis and structural characterization of 5,6,15,16-tetradehydrobenzo[a]phenanthro[9, 10-e]cyclooctene,C24H12

A benzo-phenanthro-fused planar cyclooctatetraene derivative, namely, 5,6,15,16-tetradehydrobenzo[a]phenanthro[9, 10-e]cyclooctene (5) was synthesized in two steps from the known benzo[a]phenanthro[9, 10-e]cyclooctene (6). Compound5 crystallizes in space groupPbam witha=9.828(2),b=19.466(4),c=15.901(3) Å, and Z=8. X-Ray analysis (MoK radiation,R=0.060 for 1233 observed data) has shown that both independent molecules have the same planarC _2v configuration with averaged bond lengths of 1.381(7) and 1.208(7) Å for the phenanthrene C_6a–C_14b bond and the acetylenic CC bond, respectively.¹H and¹³C NMR spectral results of 5 and 5,6,15,16-tetrabromo-5,6,15,16-tetrahydrobenzo[a]phenanthro[9, 10-e]cyclooctene (7) are also presented.     

Caged phosphite complexes of copper(I) halides

The coordination chemistry of the caged phosphites 4-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo [2.2.2]octane (MeCage) and 4-nitro-t2,6,7-trioxa-1t-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (NO₂Caget) with copper(I) halides is reported. Reactions of CuX = CuCl, CuBr, and CuI with the phosphite ligands afford complexes of the type [CuX(MeCage)]₄, [CuX(NO₂Cage)]₄, [CuX(MeCage)₂]₂, [CuX(NO₂Cage)₂]₂, and [CuX(MeCage)₃]. Recrystallization of [CuBr(NO₂Cage)₂]₂ in MeCN produced [CuBr(NO₂Cage)(NCMe)]₂. Three X-ray crystal structures are reported: [CuCl(MeCage)]₄ (I – 4, a = 13.4292(5) Å, b = 13.4292(5) Å, c = 9.4641(5) Å, V = 1706.79(13) ų, Z = 2), [CuBr(MeCage)₂]₂ (I4₁/a, a = 19.5751(17) Å, b = 19.5751(17) Å, c = 16.4513(15) Å, V = 6303.9(10) ų, Z = 8), and [CuBr(NO₂Cage)(NCMe)]₂ (P2₁/c, a = 9.0506(4) Å, b = 15.2428(7) Å, c = 8.8673(4) Å, = 109.7640(10), V = 1151.24(9) ų, Z = 2).     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal and molecular structure of 2-bromobenzo[b]indeno[1,2-e]pyran

2-bromobenzo[b]indeno[1,2-e]pyran crystallizes in the monoclinic system: space groupP2₁/c,a = 7·508,b = 5·959,c= 26·172 Å, = 92·55 °. The structure has been determined by the heavy-atom method and refined by full-matrix least squares toR = 0·072 for 1027 observed reflections.The molecule is non-planar; the maximum deviations from the best plane occur at both ends of the length of the molecule, which results in distortion of the central portion from the expected geometry. The closest approach of two molecules, those related by a 2₁ axis, is 3·5 Å.     

Influence of the spectator cation on the structure of anionic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), and copper(II)

The structures of anionic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylato (pdc^2–) complexes of cobalt, nickel, and copper have been studied. The stoichiometries and structures are very much dependent on whether KOH, Et₄NOH, or NaOH is used in the synthesis to deprotonate the H₂pdc ligand. Crystallographic results are: (1) K₂[Co(pdc)₂] · 7H₂O, orthorhombic, Pnna, Z = 4, a = 20.637(2)Å, b = 13.480(1)Å, c = 8.200(1)Å (2) K₂[Ni(pdc)₂] · 7H₂O, orthorhombic, Pnna, Z = 4, a = 20.648(1)Å, b = 13.375(1)Å, c = 8.2393(8)Å (3) [Co₂(H₂O)₅(pdc)₂] · 2H₂O, monoclinic, P2₁/c, Z = 4, a = 8.3880(6)Å, b = 27.384(2)Å, c = 9.6110(8)Å, = 98.271(6)° (4) [Ni(Hpdc)₂] · 3H₂O, monoclinic, P2₁/c, Z = 4, a = 13.679(1)Å, b = 10.0450(9)Å, c = 13.767(2)Å, = 115.184(7)° (5) Na₆[Co(H₂O)₆][Co(pdc)₂]₄ · 28H₂O, monoclinic, P2₁/n, Z = 2, a = 13.363(1)Å, b = 8.437(1)Å, c = 40.689(3)Å, = 91.288(5)° (6) Na[Ni(Hpdc)(pdc)] · 11.5H₂O, monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 4, a = 15.200(2)Å, b = 22.299(2)Å, c = 8.3596(7)Å, = 118.894(7)° (7) Na[Cu(Hpdc)(pdc)] · 3H₂O, monoclinic, P2₁/n, Z = 4, a = 9.516(4)Å, b = 14.917(6)Å, c = 12.247(5)Å, = 92.00(5)°. The potassium and sodium complexes have extensive K⁺—H₂O and Na⁺—H₂O networks. The fact the Et₄N⁺ ion does not appear in any of the complexes is likely due to the fact that it is incapable of forming the intricate cation—water and hydrogen-bonding networks observed in all of the other structures.     

Crystal structures of four dibromomethylene-functionalized cage compounds

Crystal structures of four dibromomethylene-functionalized hexa- and heptacyclotetradecane cages are reported. 7-(Dibromomethylene)heptacyclo[6.6.0.0^2,6.0^3,13.0^4,11.0^5,9.0^10,14]tetradecane (3): orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 14.744(1), b = 11.237(1), c = 7.4625(7) Å Z = 4; R = 0.0531 for 504 observed reflections. 7,12-Bis(dibromomethylene)heptacyclo[6.6.0.0^2,6.0^3,13-0^4,11 .0^5,9.0^10,14]tetradecane (4): monoclinic, I2/a, a = 11.257(1), b = 9.5844(8), c = 13.884(2) Å, = 92.254(8)° Z = 4; R = 0.0413 for 663 observed reflections. 10,14-bis(dibromomethylene)hexacyclo[6.6.0.0^2,6.0^3,13.0^4,11.0^5,9]tetradecane (6): monoclinic, P2₁/n, a = 8.118(1), b = 15.273(4), c = 12.826(3) Å, = 104.20(1)° Z = 4; R = 0.0384 for 1392 observed reflections. 14-(dibromomethylene)hexacyclo[6.6.0.0^2,6.0^3,13.0^4,11.0^5,9]tetradecan-10-one (7): monoclinic, P2₁/n, a = 8.2879(7), b = 15.273(1), c = 10.0565(9) Å, = 92.271(8)° Z = 4; R = 0.0320 for 1402 observed reflections. The functional groups lead to slight shortening of bond lengths.     

Copper(II) complexes 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione- and benzil bis(3-piperidylthiosemicarbazone): A structural study

The crystal and molecular structure of copper(II) complexes of benzil bis(3-piperidylthiosemicarbazone), [Cu(Bnzpip)] and 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione bis(3-piperidylthiosemicarbazone), [Cu(Pmpip)] have been determined. [Cu(Bnzpip)] is monoclinic, space group P2₁/n with a = 13.9375(10) Å, b = 11.6621(4) Å, c = 16.4710(10) Å, = 100.667(2)°, and V = 2630.9(3) ų with Z = 4, for d _calc = 1.399 g/cm³. [Cu(Pmpip)] is also monoclinic, space group P2₁/n with a = 11.292(6) Å, b = 10.219(5) Å, c = 20.292(6) Å, = 101.50(3)°, and V = 2295(2) ų with Z = 4, for d _calc = 1.525 g/cm³. Both complexes involve N₂S₂ coordination, are relatively planar except for the phenyl rings and have similar bond distances and angles to copper(II) complexes of other 3-piperidylthiosemicarbazones.     

Crystal structure of 4-methyl-2-phenylbenzo[de]cyclobut[i] isoquinoline-3,5(2H)-dione

4-Methyl-2-phenylbenzo[de]cyclobut[i]isoquinoline-3,5(2H)-dione, C₂₁H₁₅NO₂, resulted from the photochemical reaction of N-methyl-1,8-naphthalenedicarboximide with phenylacetylene, has been characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, and MS spectra and established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure belongs to the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with cell parameters a = 12.530(2) Å, b = 9.324(2) Å, c = 13.296(2) Å, = 96.85(1), V = 1542.3(4) ų, and Z = 4.     

One-dimensional chain structure based on bifurcated hydrogen bonding

The structure of complex [PyH][Ni(mnt)₂], as determined by X-ray single crystal analysis, consists of pyridinium cations and [Ni(mnt)₂]^– anions. Crystallographic data for the complex: monoclinic P2₁/c, a = 16.5430(18) Å, b = 6.3847(9) Å, c = 17.430(2) Å, = 118.040(7)°, V = 1625.4(3) ų, Z = 4. The [Ni(mnt)₂]^– anion is not a planar and the CN groups bend away from the S₄ plane. The interactions between anions and cations via the formation of bifurcated N–H···NC hydrogen bonds give rise to an 1D zigzag chain of alternating cations and anions.     

Molecular structure of (tBu)3Al[O=C(OPh)2]

The molecular structure of (^tBu)₃Al[O=C(OPh)₂] has been determined. The increase in the C=O bond distance [1.258(4) Å] when compared to free O=C(OPh)₂ [1.191(3) Å], is presented in respect to the activating ability of aluminum Lewis acids. Crystal data: monoclinic, P2₁/n, a = 10.653(2), b = 18.486(4), c = 14.551(3) Å, = 108.07(3)°, and V = 2724.3(9) ų for Z = 4.     

Crystal structure of a 26-membered hexaaza macrocycle bearing hydroxyethyl pendants containing p-xylyl spacers

The new macrocyclic compound bearing hydroxyethyl pendant arms containing p-xylyl spacers, 3,6,9,16,19,22-hexaaza-6,19-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-tricyclo[22,2,2,2^11,14] triaconta-1,11,13,24,27,29-hexaene, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 8.700(2) Å, b = 18.301(4) Å, c = 11.766(2) Å, = 108.57(2)°. The two hydroxyethyl pendants are at the opposite sides of the macrocyclic plane. Benzene rings in macrocycle are parallel and exist the - weak interaction with distance of 4.28 Å. The crystal packing of the macrocycle is stabilized by the hydrogen bonds.     

2D hexagonal grids assembled into 3D nets via Ag···Ag interactions

A three-dimensional coordination polymer [Ni(en)₂Ag₃(CN)₅]_n (en = 1,2-diaminoethane) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group ,a = 7.520(2) Å, b = 8.194(2) Å, c = 8.426(2) Å, = 65.35(3)°, = 69.57(3)°, = 68.91(3)°, V = 428.0(2), ų Z = 1. The 2D hexagonal grids are constructed using cyanides as bridges, and the Ag···Ag interactions between layers lead to a three-dimensional network.     

Annulated bicyclo[2.2.2]octenones: 9-hydroxy-9-chloromethyl-endo-tricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undeca-4,10-diene-3-spiro(1′-cyclopropane)-8-one and 12-hydroxy-12-chloromethyl-endo-tricyclo [8.2.2.02,9]tetradeca-13-en-11-one

A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of two annulated bicyclo[2.2.2]octenones has been carried out to establish their precise stereostructures. The compounds, with their crystal data, are:1, 9-hydroxy-9-chloromethyl-endo-tricyclo[5.2.2.0^2,6]undeca-4,10-diene-3-spiro(1-cyclopropane)-8-one, C₁₄H₁₅O₂Cl, space group P2₁/c,a=10.540(2),b=9.668(1),c=11.841(4)Å, =95.67(2)°,Z=4, and2, 12-hydroxy-12-chloromethyl-endo-tricyclo[8.2.2.0^2,9]tetradeca-13-en-11-one, C₁₅H₂₁O₂Cl, space group C2/c,a=20.747(8),b=6.498(1),c=20.525(3)Å, =93.04(3)°,Z=8. The molecule of1 has endo stereochemistry at the ring junction and the spirocyclopropane ring is proximal to the hydroxyl group. In2, the eight membered ring deviates from a chair conformation and one ring atom is disordered. Crystals of1 and2 contain centrosymmetric dimers formed by C=O...O–H hydrogen bonds.     

2-(1-Methyl-1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan-3-one: Acid-catalyzed isomerization of the Z isomer to the E isomer

Crystals of (Z)-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one (I) were obtained from a condensation reaction of 1-methyl-1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde with 1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-one and subsequent crystallization of the product from methanol. The isomeric (E)-2-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2] octan-3-one hydrochloride (II) was obtained by treating a methanolic solution of I with a 1M solution of hydrogen chloride diethyl ether, followed by crystallization of resultant product from methanol. Crystal data: I, is monoclinic, P2₁, a = 5.7440(10), b = 11.102(2), c = 10.708(2) Å, = 91.751(10)°, and V = 682.5(2) ų with Z = 2, for D _cal= 1.296 mg/m³ and II, is monoclinic, P2₁/c, a = 8.8510(2), b = 17.4990(5), c = 20.4300(5) Å, = 101.3620(12)°, V = 3102.26(14) with Z = 8, for D _cal= 1.316 mg/m³.     

Molecular and crystal structure of two nickel(II) 1,2-dithiooxalato-S,S′ complexes using 1-(Rbenzyl)pyridinium cation (R = 4′-bromo-2′-fluoro or 4′-bromo)

[BrFPy]₂[Ni(dto)₂] (1) and [BrPy]₂[Ni(dto)₂] (2) complexes have been prepared by reaction of Na₂[Ni(S₂C₂O₂)₂] and the corresponding 1-(Rbenzyl)pyridinium bromide salt (R₁ = 4-bromo-2-fluoro, R₂ = 4-bromo). The crystallographic data for 1: monoclinic P2₁/c, a = 14.2192(1) Å, b = 14.2533(4) Å, c = 15.6535(3) Å, = 96.463(1)°, V = 3152.34(11) ų, Z = 4. Two cations, [Br₁F₁Py]⁺ and [Br₂F₂Py]⁺, both adopt a conformation where both the aromatic rings are twisted to the corresponding N(1)–C(10)–C(11) or N(2)–C(22)–C(23) reference plane. Data for 2: triclinic , a = 9.4042(3) Å, b = 9.6814(4) Å, c = 10.3357(4) Å, = 80.155(1)°, = 65.245(1)°, = 64.259(1)°, V = 769.68(5) ų, Z = 1. The [Ni(dto)₂]^2– anion exhibits a quasi-planar structure in both complexes. An extensive hydrogen bond network of C–H O is clearly observed in 1 and 2, and two complexes show similar crystal packing.     

Crystal structure of 3-phenyl-7-bromoisoxazolo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-one

The crystal and molecular structure of 3-phenyl-7-bromoisoxazolo[4,5-d]-pyridazin-4(5H-one, C₁₁H₆BrN₃O₂, has been determined from two- and three-dimensional X-ray data and refined by Fourier and least-squares methods toR = 0·101 for 1187 observed reflexions. Crystals of 3-phenyl-7-bromoisoxazolo-[4, 5-d]pyridazin-4(5H)-one are monoclinic:a = 7·67,b = 6·84,c = 20·52 Å, = 91·5 °,Z = 4, space groupP2₁/c. The benzene ring makes an angle of 4·5 ° with the plane of the isoxazole ring, and the other part of the molecule is slightly non-planar. The bond distances and angles compare well with those of other similar molecules. Two N-H...O hydrogen bonds join the two molecules related by a centre of symmetry. Close molecular packing is found in layers parallel to (100).     

Crystal and molecular structure of 1,2-difluoroethane and 1,2-diiodoethane

A single crystal of phase 1 of 1,2-difluoroethane was grown from the melt directly on an X-ray diffractometer close to the melting point of 169 K. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with lattice parameters a = 7.775(4), b = 4.4973(7), c = 9.024(3) Å, = 101.73(1)°, V = 308.9(2) ų, d _calc = 1.420 g cm^–3 for Z = 4. A second phase of 1,2-difluoroethane was obtained under similar conditions which crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with the unit cell parameters a = 8.0467(16), b = 4.5086(9), c = 8.279(2) Å,V = 300.36(11) ų, d _calc = 1.461 g cm^–3 for Z = 4. In both phases the 1,2-difluoroethane molecules adopt the gauche conformation with F–C–C–F torsion angles close to 68°. Crystals of 1,2-diiodoethane C₂H₄I₂ were grown from pentane at –30°C. A platelet single crystal of the size 0.35 × 0.25 × 0.03 mm was measured with Mo K-radiation at 153 K. 1,2-Diiodoethane crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with a unit cell of a = 4.6051(7), b = 12.939(2), c = 4.7318(7) Å, = 104.636(3)°, V = 272.79(7) ų, Z = 2, d _calc = 3.431 g cm^–3, (MoK) = 11.353 mm^–1. In the molecule the two neighboring iodine atoms are positioned anti. The shortest intermolecular contacts occur via iodine–iodine interactions resulting in layers of molecules in the crystal.