阿尔兹海默症血清多肽组生物标志物研究

采用个体样品单独分析的方式分析, 比较9个健康对照者、10个阿尔兹海默症(Alzheimer′s disease, AD)患者和12个认知功能障碍(Mild cognitive impairment, MCI)患者的血清多肽组分析结果, 以寻找潜在的AD病生物标志物.结果表明, 高强度的α-2-巨球蛋白肽段VGFYESDVMGR与AD病晚期阶段密切相关, 而载脂蛋白 C-Ⅲ、组蛋白H1.2和组蛋白H1.4的大量降解, 则与中早期AD和认知功能障碍相关联;载脂蛋白 C-Ⅲ和组蛋白H1的降解肽段具有明显的阶梯序列特征, 但在不同样本中的分布具有一定偶然性.AD病发展的晚期与中早期的血清多肽组特征不同, 这4种蛋白质的降解有可能成为AD病潜在的生物标志物.研究结果也证明了, 归属于纤维蛋白原α链、胸腺素β-4和斑联蛋白等蛋白质的肽段是所有血清样本中的优势肽段.本研究提出了利用血清多肽组学方法辅助诊断AD病的方法, 为临床大规模验证提供了依据和参考.     

纳升液相色谱-质谱分析方法的重现性对尿液多肽组分析结果的影响

多肽组学是蛋白质组学技术的延伸和扩展,在医学和生物学研究中的应用日益广泛,但是,多肽组鉴定方法的重现性对实验结果的影响目前尚不清楚.本研究利用纳升液相色谱-高分辨质谱对健康人的尿液多肽组进行了7次平行分析,考察图谱数目、图谱利用率、鉴定的肽段数目、蛋白质数目、样品总离子强度和肽段保留时间等指标的变化,以揭示重复实验之间分析结果的可变性和稳定性.7次测定的肽段数目平均值为208,标准偏差为38;7次结果合并后,得到了归属于114个蛋白质的426个肽段,肽段和蛋白质数目均显著增加;而35个蛋白质的109个肽段在所有7次实验中均被检出,表明多肽组的单次分析结果既具有一定的随机性,又具有相对的稳定性.增加平行实验次数会扩大多肽组数据集,但测定3次以上后增加幅度减小.相比于肽段,多肽组的结果在蛋白质水平上更为稳定,提示利用蛋白质为多肽组的生物标志物更为稳健.     

纳升液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱分析尿液多肽组及其翻译后修饰

多肽组是指生物体表达的所有多肽,尿液等体液的多肽组是生物标记物的重要来源.本研究采用氧化石墨烯-磷酸镧纳米磁性复合材料分离富集尿液多肽,进行纳升液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱分析,从单一样本中鉴定了归属于123个蛋白质的790条肽段.研究表明,这些肽段在蛋白质水平上不是平均分布的.此外,本研究检测到了肽段的氧化、磷酸化和脱氨化等翻译后修饰现象,观察到了尿液多肽的阶梯序列性,从蛋白水平上对尿液多肽组进行了生物信息学分析,结果表明,这些多肽所归属的大部分蛋白质之间存在相互作用.本方法可为在尿液中寻找疾病的标志物提供方法学支持.     

纳升液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱研究冻存条件对唾液多肽组的影响

唾液多肽组学为疾病相关的生物标记物研究提供了新方法,但冻存条件对分析结果的影响并不清楚。本研究采用氧化石墨烯-磷酸镧纳米复合材料分离富集唾液多肽,利用纳升液相色谱-高分辨串联质谱技术,考察唾液样品分别置于-80℃与-20℃冻存6个月后对唾液多肽组的影响。结果表明,在-80℃冻存条件下的唾液样品中,共鉴定出归属于33种蛋白的429条肽段;在-20℃冻存条件下的唾液样品中,鉴定出595条肽段,对应31种蛋白。实验结果表明,相比于-80℃,唾液置于-20℃条件下的新增加肽段主要来源于已有肽段的降解,并且唾液中的蛋白质也发生了一定降解。本研究在肽段序列水平上考察了冻存条件对多肽的影响,结果表明,-20℃冻存条件不适合长期保存用于多肽组分析的唾液样品。本研究结果可为相关医学研究提供借鉴。     

超滤法结合纳升液相色谱-串联质谱技术分析漏出性胸腔积液中多肽组分

漏出性胸腔积液中的多肽和蛋白质等生物分子直接或间接地与机体特定的生理、病理状态相关,反映了肺部或者全身其它部位疾病的信息.本研究利用超滤法将漏出性胸腔积液中的多肽组分进行分离,经脱盐富集后,进行纳升液相色谱-串联质谱分析.结果表明,在漏出性胸腔积液中共鉴定到来源于52种蛋白的314条多肽,超过一半的肽段来源于纤维蛋白原,并且许多肽段具有阶梯序列的特征.此外,在来源于胶原蛋白和纤维蛋白原的多肽中还发现了大量的脯氨酸氧化修饰.基因本体论富集分析显示,漏出性胸腔积液多肽组分所属蛋白均具有胞外分泌的属性.本研究给出了漏出性胸腔积液中多肽组的序列、等电点、分子量、翻译后修饰等理化参数的分布特征,为进一步寻找肺部疾病相关的多肽标志物提供了可借鉴的参考数据和分析方法.     

质谱技术研究海兔大脑神经节超微量多肽内切酶和酸性多肽酶解产物

采用ESI-Q-TOF质谱分析了由27个氨基酸残基组成的酸性多肽(AP)的一级结构.选用RP-HPLC和MALDI-TOF质谱非在线技术分离与鉴定海兔大脑神经节(CG)多肽与蛋白质的组成与分布,发现CG中含有AP酶解的二聚体短肽.这些短肽序列分别为2(NKDEEQRELLKAISNLL)、2(NKDEEQRELLKAISNL)、2(SGVSLLTSNKDEEQREL)和2(LTSNKDEEQRE LL),均以L-R(氨基酸残基)方式断裂.以AP为探针,结合MALDI-TOF质谱分析技术,发现CG中含有超微量的L-R多肽内切酶,其分子量为78218.25Da.本研究中的分析方法也适合于研究其他生物体内超微量多肽及多肽酶分布与功能.     

新型等点聚焦系统用于蛋白质组样本的预分离方法研究

对蛋白质或多肽的高效分离,将有利于降低肽段信号之间的干扰,保证规模化的蛋白质组学深度覆盖鉴定,并提高定量蛋白质组分析的准确性。本研究采用一种新型的等电聚焦预分离系统(OFFGEL),考察系统对293T细胞在蛋白质与肽段水平的分级分离效果,在OFFGEL系统中聚焦后的蛋白质或肽段可以从溶液中直接回收,与下游的LC-MS/MS肽段鉴定流程兼容。实验结果表明,肽段的分离效果明显优于蛋白质的分离,分级分离后各馏分对应的等电点位置与肽段的理论等电点分布高度一致,每个馏分中单独鉴定的肽段比例超过90%,显示了该系统对肽段的高分辨分离能力,结合生物质谱技术,在293T细胞中实现6727个蛋白质的规模化鉴定,表明该系统在复杂体系蛋白质组研究中的应用潜力。     

等电聚焦预分离用于肝癌细胞分泌蛋白质组的分级与鉴定

分泌蛋白质组(secretome)是指在特定的时空条件下,细胞、组织等分泌的全部蛋白质。分泌蛋白质组可能包含了大量的疾病诊断生物标志物,因此其相关研究越来越受到重视。分泌蛋白质组的组成高度复杂且浓度范围宽,这对分析方法提出了挑战。建立有效的蛋白质或肽段预分离策略,将有利于分泌蛋白质的高覆盖率鉴定。本研究以肝癌细胞系MHCC97L的无血清培养分泌蛋白质为研究对象,采用一种新型等电聚焦预分离(OFFGEL)系统,考察了肽段水平的分级对蛋白质鉴定结果的影响。结果表明,分离后各馏分中肽段的等电点分布与理论预测基本一致,每个馏分中单独鉴定的肽段比例接近80%,显示了该系统对肽段的高分辨分离能力。结合生物质谱技术,在肝癌细胞分泌系统中鉴定了2995个蛋白质,显示了该系统在复杂体系蛋白质组研究中的应用潜力。     

质谱技术研究海兔大脑神经节超微量多肽内切酶和酸性多肽酶解产物

采用ESI-Q-TOF质谱分析了南27个氨基酸残基组成的酸性多肽（AP）的一级结构。选用RP-HPLC和MALDI-TOF质谱非在线技术分离与鉴定海兔大脑神经节（CG）多肽与蛋白质的组成与分布，发现CG中含有AP酶解的二聚体短肽。这些短肽序列分别为2（NKDEEQRELLKAISNLL）、2（NKDEEQRELLKAISNL）、2（SGVSLLTSNKDEEQREL）和2（LTSNKDEEQRE LL），均以L-R（氨基酸残基）方式断裂。以AP为探针，结合MALDI-TOF质谱分析技术，发现CG中含有超微量的L-R多肽内切酶，其分子量为78218.25Da。本研究中的分析方法也适合于研究其他生物体内超微量多肽及多肽酶分布与功能。     

基于共价色谱分离的含半胱氨酸肽段富集策略

多维色谱分离、串联质谱分析技术已在蛋白质组研究中得到广泛应用。然而生物样品的蛋白质以及全酶切肽段具有高度的复杂性,这严重干扰了蛋白质高通量、规模化的分析。通过标签肽段富集进行样品预分离可以降低体系的复杂程度。本文建立了一种基于共价色谱技术选择性分离富集含半胱氨酸肽的方法,从而降低了样品体系的复杂程度。首先以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的酶切肽段为模型,对富集条件进行了优化和考察,并在此基础上通过5种蛋白质酶切肽段混合物的富集对该方法进行了验证。结果证明此方法的重现性好,富集效率高,富集特异性好,能有效地富集鉴定含半胱氨酸肽段。所建立的方法在复杂体系的蛋白质组研究中具有广泛的应用前景,为复杂样品的蛋白质高通量、自动化、规模化鉴定和定量研究提供了实用技术。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.