冲击加载-准等熵加载过程的密度梯度飞片计算设计

 采用一维弹塑性流体动力学计算方法,通过对LLNL（Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory）Mg-Cu体系密度梯度飞片冲击加载-准等熵加载实验过程数值计算和比较,验证了流体动力学计算方法、不同材料体系混合模型以及计算程序的正确性和实用性。考虑到在飞片材料制备中,单层厚度最小值为0.2 mm和Mg-W最大阻抗混合质量分数的致密条件限制,开展了对新的Mg-W体系密度梯度飞片实现冲击加载-准等熵加载过程计算设计,给出了满足加载要求的飞片结构特征;从计算给出的粒子速度波剖面可见,密度梯度飞片波阻抗分布对加载过程和加载强度非常敏感,通过精心设计准连续型变阻抗的梯度飞片,可以进行不同复杂加/卸载过程的物理模型设计和实验研究。     

电爆炸箔驱动绝缘飞片的一维数值模拟

 在一维有限差分反应流体动力学程序SSS中引入电爆炸模型,在此基础上结合新引入的物态方程库,开展了电爆炸加载下飞片运动过程的数值模拟研究。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,表明SSS对电爆炸驱动飞片的过程的模拟是可靠的,为电炮加载技术的优化设计和电爆炸驱动飞片物理过程的进一步研究提供了一套有效的计算方法和程序。     

Ti-Cu-W体系Pillow飞片加载铋熔化再凝固过程计算分析

采用数值计算设计了Ti-Cu-W材料体系Pillow飞片,实现金属铋样品的冲击加载和准等熵加载,并通过实验研究铋的冲击熔化再凝固这一复杂的物理过程,实验获得的速度波剖面结果与数值模拟结果基本一致。还建立了金属铋的包含5个固相和1个液相的完全物态方程,计算相图的三相点以及高压区的Hugoniot线与实验数据吻合较好,计算还获得了冲击加载再凝固实验中的温度信息和相变信息。通过计算分析和对实验数据的解读,认为Ti-Cu-W材料体系Pillow飞片加载可以用于铋的冲击熔化再凝固复杂物理过程研究,为实验探索研究建立了适用的研究方法和有效的技术手段。     

SPH方法对金属表面微射流的数值模拟

 光滑粒子流体动力学（Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics）方法是一种无网格的拉氏计算方法,具有计算格式简单、易于计算大变形问题等优势。用二维SPH程序模拟了冲击加载下金属铝表面的沟槽状缺陷产生微射流的过程,得到了喷射物的总质量、最大速度和质量-速度曲线。还计算了相同深度、不同夹角的沟槽微射流,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果表明：计算得到的喷射物总质量和最大速度与实验结果符合较好,SPH方法对于估算金属表面的微射流提供了一种有效的数值模拟手段。     

超高速发射实验模型的数值计算

 采用三阶精度PPM（Parabolic Piecewise Method）方法和VOF（Volume of Fluid）相结合,运用Lagrange-Remapping算法,编制了多介质流体高精度欧拉计算程序MFPPM,可以对多介质复杂流场进行数值计算。对程序计算精度进行了测试,并应用于超高速发射实验模型数值计算,对Sandia实验室不带会聚作用的实验模型进行了一维计算以及带会聚作用的实验模型进行二维计算并与其实验结果和CTH计算结果进行对比,其中一维计算最大相对误差1%,二维计算相对误差4.7%,在此基础上对超高速发射设计模型进行了初步计算。     

一种超高速发射实验装置的改进及其数值模拟

 以流体比容方法和三阶PPM方法为基础,给出了适用于三级气炮超高速发射过程数值模拟的多流计算方法和计算代码MFPPM。利用Sandia实验室一系列的实验装置及其结果对计算代码进行了验证和确认,获得了较好的数值模拟结果（其中最大相对误差为1.07%）,同时对冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室设计的实验装置进行了数值模拟,计算结果与实验结果相差1.04%。为了更好地满足超高压下材料状态方程的测量,提出了一种带汇聚型的改进装置设计,并给出了相应的数值模拟结果。     

应用于多层靶准等熵压缩实验的反积分方法

针对磁驱动和激光驱动准等熵压缩实验物理中多层结构靶设计和实验数据处理的需求,在反积分处理方法的基础上,提出了多层靶的层间传递方法,实现了多层靶内加载历史的反演计算。通过正、反积分数值实验以及激光驱动实验的正、反计算,验证了多层靶中反积分数据处理方法的有效性,在绝大部分计算范围内,多层靶的反积分处理精度可以达到1%以内。利用反积分方法开展了多层靶物理实验的波形设计,并分析了不同厚度胶层的多层靶对斜波加载实验的影响。     

阻抗梯度飞片加载下的超高速发射二维数值模拟方法

阻抗梯度飞片准等熵加载和超高速发射的二维数值模拟,在计算方法上集中体现了多介质、多界面、大变形、高密度比等特点.采用多介质流体高精度PPM计算方法,以VOF为基础研制MFPPM2二维计算程序,数值模拟Sandia实验室的超高速发射实验模型,获得了与Sandia实验室数值计算一致的结果.     

磁驱动飞片的三维数值模拟及分析

磁驱动准等熵加载和超高速飞片发射是一种全新的冲击动力学和高能量密度物理实验加载技术。利用三维磁流体动力学软件,模拟了磁驱动飞片的物理过程,计算得到的飞片自由面速度与实验结果符合较好。通过计算飞片横断面的温度、密度和磁场分布,得到了加载过程中磁扩散速度和飞片的剩余厚度。飞片加载过程中飞片边缘的卷曲变形严重,分析认为是由电流和磁场分布的不均匀导致飞片边侧受斜上方较大的加载力所致,并且电流分布的不均匀是主要因素。实验设计时,可利用极板构型的变化调节加载面的电流分布,从而提高飞片的平面性,减小边侧的卷曲变形。     

电作用量在磁驱动固体套筒内爆设计分析中的应用

磁驱动固体套筒内爆作为标准柱面冲击/准等熵汇聚压缩加载方式,在流体动力学、材料物性和聚变能源等领域具有广泛应用前景.在特定加载条件下,套筒飞层材料、半径和厚度的选择决定了套筒内爆力学行为,而电流烧蚀限制了所能选择的参数范围.通过薄壁套筒假定引入作为动力学参量的电作用量概念,利用不可压缩零维模型给出了低线电流密度下薄壁套筒尺寸优化设计方法和套筒飞层材料选择的原则;将修正后的电阻率-电作用量模型嵌入自编的一维弹塑性磁流体力学程序SOL1D进行模拟计算,分别与FP-1装置及ZR装置上的实验结果进行比对,表明在大径厚比和低线电流密度加载下,利用电作用量估算内爆速度及利用电爆炸丝实验获取的各阶段电作用量判断套筒物理状态是有效的.     

湍流燃烧二阶矩模型的大涡模拟验证

对美国Sandia国家实验室测量的甲烷-空气湍流射流火焰进行了三维大涡模拟(LES),其统计的时均量以及脉动量符合实验测量值,且和RANS代数二阶矩湍流燃烧模型模拟结果大致符合。LES统计得到的化学反应率系数脉动和甲烷浓度脉动的互关联与对应的时均量梯度的乘积分布趋势相同,大小幅值的位置也相对应,与二阶矩湍流燃烧模型的封闭假设相符,验证了二阶矩代数燃烧模型的合理性。     

Generalized Canonical Ward Identities

In the framework of Faddeev-Senjanovic (FS) path-integral quantization, CP ¹ nonlinear σ model coupled to Non-Abelian Chern-Simons (CS) fields is quantized. Generalized canonical Ward identities (WI) are deduced from the invariance of the canonical effective action under gauge transformations, which are obtained from the generators of gauge transformations, including all first-class constraints, in Dirac’s sense. The generalized canonical WI has brief form and is equivalent to canonical WI under gauge transformations in Dirac’s sense. This project is supported by Foundation of National Natural Science (10671086), Foundation of Shandong Natural Science (Y2007A01) and National Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures (CHJG200605).     

Ambient noise near the sea-route

Ambient noise data measured in an experiment conducted in shallow water near a sea-route were analyzed. It was observed that, at low frequency, the horizontal correlation has an obvious difference from that predicted by the classical ambient noise model. The theoretical analyses show that this phenomenon is caused by wind noise together with the discrete shipping noise nearby. An ambient noise model was proposed to include the effects caused by both the noise sources. Data measured at different times verify that the proposed model can be used to forecast the ambient noise field in shallow water near the sea-route. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10734100), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX1-YW-12-2), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB209603), and the Open Foundation of China National Petroleum Corporation Key Laboratory (Grant No. GPKL0804)     

BioCD-2008: Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Proteins and Other Biomolecules

A weeklong workshop focusing on circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy using both conventional and synchrotron sources (SRCD) was presented at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory from June 23–27, 2008.     

Benchmarking of a flux compression generator code

Science Applications International Corporation and the Air Force Research Laboratory are continuing development of a graphical design/simulation code for explosive flux compression generators (FCGs). “FCGSCA” is written in FORTRAN and Visual Basic and targets the Windows O/S (Microsoft, Chicago, IL). Basic physics principles and well-known circuit analysis techniques simulate generator-to-load performance; furthermore, FCGSCA incorporates an armature/stator inductance model, a “flux-loss” model, and a fairly detailed treatment of the stator winding resistance. FCGSCA includes a capability for modeling transformer coupling and fuze switching as part of various load configurations; additionally, the user can view overlays of time-history plots from one- or two-parameter variation studies. With reasonable costs in fidelity, this approximation permits quick system-level simulations that expedite FCG design and development. Herein, we primarily explain the ease-of-use of the FCGSCA interface and report on some benchmarking against the “Ranchito” generator that has been designed and tested by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL)     

NSLS and NSLS-II: The Foundation and the Future of Synchrotron Light Sources

On September 30, 2014, after 32 years of outstanding operations, the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was shuttered for the last time.     

On damage diagnosis for a wind turbine blade using pattern recognition

With the increased interest in implementation of wind turbine power plants in remote areas, structural health monitoring (SHM) will be one of the key cards in the efficient establishment of wind turbines in the energy arena. Detection of blade damage at an early stage is a critical problem, as blade failure can lead to a catastrophic outcome for the entire wind turbine system. Experimental measurements from vibration analysis were extracted from a 9 m CX-100 blade by researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) throughout a full-scale fatigue test conducted at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). The blade was harmonically excited at its first natural frequency using a Universal Resonant EXcitation (UREX) system. In the current study, machine learning algorithms based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), including an Auto-Associative Neural Network (AANN) based on a standard ANN form and a novel approach to auto-association with Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) networks are used, which are optimised for fast and efficient runs. This paper introduces such pattern recognition methods into the wind energy field and attempts to address the effectiveness of such methods by combining vibration response data with novelty detection techniques.     

An efficient quantum secret sharing protocol with orthogonal product states

An efficient quantum secret sharing protocol with orthogonal product states in the 33 Hilbert space is presented. The particles in the orthogonal product states form two particle sequences. One sequence is sent to Bob and the other is sent to Charlie after rearranging the particle orders. With the help of Alice, Bob and Charlie make the corresponding local measurement to obtain the information of the or- thogonal product states prepared. This protocol has many distinct features such as great capacity and high efficiency.     

Progress on sesame

Synchrotron X-ray scattering from liquid interfaces has been indispensable in the investigation of the fundamental science of soft interfaces and in the study of controlled model systems for physical, chemical, and biological processes. However, the very characteristics that make liquid interfaces interesting also make them a challenge to study. At the second School for Liquid Surface X-ray Scattering (LSXS 2012), held at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory on October 17–19, 2012, students learned some of the tricks of the trade from experienced users and beamline scientists. The first LSXS school was held at APS in 2007.