以修正WLF方程研究压力作用下丁腈橡胶的阻尼性能

时温等效原理表明固定频率下温度越高,模量越低,而相同温度下频率越低,模量越低,即升高温度与降低频率具有同等效应。根据这一规律,可将聚合物的力学性能随温度的变化转化为这些性能随频率的变化,从而可通过不同温度下的力学性能测试数据,换算成宽频率范围内的材料力学性能表现。为了研究压力作用下橡胶阻尼性能的基本变化规律,通过自由体积理论推导出加压后的修正WLF方程,采用动态热机械分析实验,测试得到丁腈橡胶在不同温度下的损耗因子tanδ对频率ω的曲线,根据计算得到不同压力下的测试温度至室温的平移因子,便可做出加压后的丁腈橡胶的损耗因子-频率谱的主拟合曲线,其曲线的频率跨度达10个数量级以上。结果表明,丁腈橡胶的tanδ测试段在高于参考温度以后出现,而随着压力的增加,玻璃化温度相应升高,峰值往高频移动达1.5个数量级。此结果为研究压力作用下橡胶材料阻尼性能的定量变化提供了理论依据。     

C/C复合材料的光谱发射率研究

采用模压成型法制备了不同类型的C/C复合材料,测试了其法向光谱发射率的变化.结果表明,短切碳纤维增强的C/C复合材料,其法向光谱发射率在整个2 500～13 000 nm的测试波段内普遍要高于碳布增强复合材料样品.短切碳纤维结构的相对松散,单位体积内物质的粒子数相对较少,这增加了电磁波的穿透深度,从而使得样品的法向光谱发射率较高,热辐射特性较好.纤维预制体和C/C复合材料样品的法向光谱发射率测试对比可知,两种不同碳材料的微结构差异使得树脂碳的法向光谱发射率优于纤维碳.利用Raman光谱对不同碳物质进行物相分析表明,树脂碳以sp3和sp2杂化态碳原子的混合结构使其内部产生的局域振动模式较多,这也是样品法向光谱发射率较高,热辐射特性较好的原因.     

石墨烯/银纳米复合材料的制备及其影响因素研究

以硝酸银、鳞片石墨为原料, 在强碱环境下, 制备得到石墨烯/银纳米复合材料, 采用X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜、紫外可见分光光度计对所制备的石墨 烯/银纳米复合材料进行了表征.结果表明: 氧化石墨烯和银离子在强碱NaOH的作用下, 氧化石墨烯失去部分含氧官能团, 被部分还原为石墨烯(rGO), 银离子被还原为纳米银颗粒, 均匀分布在氧化石墨烯片层表面, 颗粒大小和分布受硝酸银用量、反应温度、NaOH的加入顺序及前驱物混合方式等因素影响, 在GO与Ag粒子质量比为 1:1.08时, 负载在石墨烯片层上的银纳米颗粒集中在12 nm左右. 关键词： 石墨烯/银纳米复合材料 强碱溶液     

TiO_2/白云母纳米复合材料的色度学研究

利用化学液相沉积法制备了系列TiO2白云母纳米复合材料.在利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射对其进行表面形貌、TiO2纳米镀层物相组成研究的基础上,仔细研究了TiO2白云母纳米复合材料在可见光下的反射光谱特征,并利用Munsell新坐标(HVC)色度学系统对其可见光下的干涉色颜色进行了定量表征. 关键词： TiO_2/白云母纳米复合材料 反射光谱 色度学 Munsell新坐标     

累积轧制Ti/Al复合材料的微观结构演变和力学性能研究

用累积轧制法成功制备了平均晶粒尺寸为200-300 nm的超细等轴晶Ti/Al多层复合材料. 研究了Ti/Al多层复合材料的微结构变化和力学性能.     

基于FTIR与UV-Vis的Ce-La/TiO_2光-湿-热复合材料制备机理

为获得具有调温调湿且能够进行光催化降解有害物质的多功能复合材料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球,以Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球为载体材料,采用真空吸附法将相变材料——癸酸-棕榈酸填充在Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球的空腔中制备具有光-湿-热协同性能的Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对制备过程中主要阶段的产物进行测试,研究SiO2模板的构建作用,表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的衔接作用,癸酸-棕榈酸的嵌入对Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球的影响,利用紫外-可见分光光谱仪(UV-Vis)对Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料的光响应范围进行测试,研究Ce-La共掺杂对TiO_2空心微球光响应能力的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)对Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料的微观形貌进行表征分析,进一步阐明Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料制备机理。结果表明,氨水提供的碱环境有利于正硅酸乙酯缩合反应,在780.00cm-1处生成Si—O—Si基团,搭建SiO2网络骨架,形成内核,作为支撑TiO_2壁材的模板,构建TiO_2的空腔结构;表面活性剂PVP的添加,在1 035.00cm-1处形成—C—N—基团,有利于TiO_2附着在SiO2的表面;高温煅烧能够有效去除PVP避免杂质离子引入到Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料体系中。Ce-La共掺杂使Ce-La/TiO_2复合材料的吸收边带发生红移,提高在可见光下的催化降解能力,同时在1 630.00cm-1处出现—OH基团能够提高CeLa/TiO_2复合材料的亲水性。癸酸-棕榈酸较好的填充于Ce-La/TiO_2空心微球的空腔中,各组分的特征吸收峰没有发生明显变化,能够保持各组分的基本性能不变。     

变温FTIR光谱法研究PET/纳米CaCO_3复合材料的固态转变

采用变温FTIR光谱法研究了原料PET和PET/nano-CaCO3(MPET)复合材料体系在40~250℃之间逐渐升温过程中,PET基体的固态转变。通过研究PET内标谱带1 410 cm-1与结晶相关谱带1 342cm-1吸光度之比值随温度变化关系曲线,结合其在同样条件下的差热扫描(DSC)曲线,分析了纳米CaCO3粒子的加入对PET固态转变和结晶相关谱带的影响,表明纳米CaCO3粒子的加入显著改善了PET的结晶和熔融行为。     

高速气流对C/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀行为影响的实验研究

为了明确高速气流对C/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀行为的影响机制,开展了不同环境下强激光对C/SiC复合材料的烧蚀对比实验研究。利用激光器与高速风洞联合实验平台,完成了静态以及Ma 1.8,Ma 3.0,Ma 6.0气流环境下2D与3DN C/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀实验。结果表明,与静态环境相比,高速气流对C/SiC复合材料的激光烧蚀行为产生了显著的影响,气流的冲刷使得烧蚀坑呈现出更宽、更深、更光滑的变化趋势。随着气流速度的增长,线烧蚀速率与质量烧蚀速率逐渐增大,主要原因为当地静压降低引起的升华速率增大,以及动压增大引起的剥蚀速率增大。此外,通过实验对比了不同构型对C/SiC激光烧蚀行为的影响。结果表明：2D C/SiC复合材料由于厚度方向更低的导热能力、更低的孔隙率等原因,其在不同环境条件下抗烧蚀能力均强于3DN C/SiC复合材料。     

铜/金刚石复合材料电磁轨道烧蚀特性的实验研究北大核心CSCD

通过对电磁轨道发射初期阶段,铜/金刚石复合材料轨道在预紧力0.4-2.0kN、电流100-300kA下的滑动电烧蚀实验分析发现：由于受到焦耳热及电弧热的双重作用,铜/金刚石复合材料的质量损失、烧蚀深度随电流的增大而呈现增加趋势,随预紧力的增加而呈下降趋势;在主烧蚀区域形成凹凸不平的形貌,由于部分金刚石的脱落形成一定数量的微孔,在强交变温度场作用下产生了热应力裂纹;在烧蚀区域的边缘,主要由于熔融液态金属受强电磁场涡流的作用而形成微凸及飞溅形貌;在滑动电接触区域则表现为电枢微凸体与轨道之间摩擦形成的划痕,其磨损机制为磨粒磨损;在铜/金刚石复合材料主烧蚀区的横截面,由于轨道材料的长高比过大而造成散热速率的不同,形成不同尺度的晶粒组织,表面硬度下降较大。     

界面自组装的金/氧化石墨烯复合材料的表面增强拉曼散射行为研究

采用Frens法制备金纳米粒子溶胶,通过界面自组装技术在掺磷的非晶碳衬底表面构筑三维的金/氧化石墨烯/金复合结构.以罗丹明B为探针分子,考察金/氧化石墨烯/金复合材料的表面增强拉曼散射活性.结果表明,由于氧化石墨烯的化学增强和金纳米粒子的电磁场增强的协同作用,在该三维复合材料上获得了很强的罗丹明B拉曼信号.所设计的三维金/氧化石墨烯/金复合材料在生物分析、环境监测、疾病防控、食品安全等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

Preparation and Properties of Organically Modified Montmorillonite/Nitrile Rubber Nanocomposites

A series of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT)/nitrile rubber (NBR) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple mechanical-mixing method. The structures of OMMT and the dispersion of OMMT in the rubber matrix were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the NBR/OMMT nanocomposites were characterized, and the tribological behaviors of the nanocomposites were evaluated on a ring-block (MRH-3) wear tester. The results showed that the OMMT was homogeneously dispersed in the NBR matrix. The tensile strength of the OMMT/NBR nanocomposites increased with increasing OMMT contents. Both the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear of the nanocomposites decreased remarkably with increasing OMMT content. In addition, the influence of the applied load on the tribological properties of the nanocomposites is discussed. It is expected that the research may be of aid in the rational design and use of solid, self-lubricating nanocomposites under different loading states.     

Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates/Nanosilica Composites Prepared Based on the Method of In-situ Generation and Coagulation

Using the characteristics of silica sol dispersing well in water and easy formation of silica gel when the silica sol is heated, by mixing a system of concentrated natural rubber latex and silica sol, the silica sol can in-situ generate SiO₂ particles when heated. After coagulation of the mixed system, natural rubber/nanosilica composites C(NR/nSiO₂) were obtained. The composites C(NR/nSiO₂) and their vulcanizates were studied using a rubber processing analyzer (RPA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of silica contents on the C(NR/nSiO₂) vulcanizates mechanical properties, cross-linking degree, Payne effect, dissipation factor (tanδ), and the particle size and dispersion of SiO₂ in NR were investigated. The results obtained were compared with the NR/SiO₂ composites based on traditional dry mixing of bale natural rubber and precipitated silica (white carbon black). The results showed that when using a sulfur curing system with a silica coupling agent (Si69) in C(NR/nSiO₂), the vulcanizate had better mechanical properties, higher wet resistance, and lower rolling resistance than those without Si69. In the composites C(NR/nSiO₂) and their vulcanizates, the SiO₂ particles’ average grain diameter was 60 nm, and the good-dispersion of the in-situ generated SiO₂ in the rubber matrix were a significant contribution to the satisfactory properties of C(NR/nSiO₂) composites and their vulcanizates.     

Damping Properties of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Rubber/Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Blends

The damping and mechanical properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate rubber (EVM)/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends, with BIPB (bis (tert-butyl peroxy isopropyl) benzene) as curing agent, were investigated by DMA. It was proved by mechanical performance, DMA and crosslink density data that a chemical crosslinking reaction occurred between EVM and NBR. A new tan δ peak appeared between 40°C and 60°C in EVM/NBR = 80/20, which we suggest was due to a new molecular chain generated between EVM and NBR. Thus, the effective damping temperature range (EDTR) of EVM/NBR = 80/20 was widened from 31.6°C of EVM and 31.7°C of NBR to 40.7°C. The addition of sulfur, as a curing agent for NBR, greatly raised the height of the damping peak of EVM/NBR blend, but only slightly widened the EDTR at a cost of deterioration of mechanical performance. Zinc diacrylate (Zn (Ac)₂), as a possible graft addition to the blends, enlarged the damping peak of EVM/NBR, especially widening the EDTR of EVM/NBR = 80/20 to 50.9°C, but with a decline of mechanical properties. PVC was partially miscible with EVM/NBR blends and dramatically widened the EVM/NBR = 80/20 EDTR to 62.4°C.     

Study on the Tribological Properties of Carbon Fabric/Polyimide Composites Filled with SiC Nanoparticles

Carbon fabric reinforced thermoplastic polyimide composites have significant applications in the field of tribology. However, there are relatively few studies that have been focused on the investigation of these materials. In the present study, carbon fabric/polyimide (CF/PI) composites, reinforced further with SiC nanoparticles, were prepared by dip-coating and hot press molding methods. Rockwell hardness and flexural testing of the composites were conducted. The friction and wear behavior of the resulting carbon fabric composites were evaluated in a ring-on-block contact mode under dry sliding condition. The results showed that the SiC nanoparticles significantly improved the hardness and flexural strength when compared to the CF/PI composites without the SiC additions. The CF/PI composites reinforced with 5 vol% SiC nanoparticles demonstrated the most beneficial mechanical and tribological properties compared to the composites with greater and lesser SiC nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) were employed in order to study the mechanism of tribological behavior. A continuous and thin transfer film formed during the friction test of the composites led to a significant improvement of the tribological properties.     

The Effect of Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Two Kinds of Organoclay upon Molecular Interaction,Structure and Mechanical Properties of (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber/Organoclay) Nanocomposites

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR50) and two different kinds of organoclay (C30B and C15A) were used in blends of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and their effects upon interaction between phases, morphology, and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated. The compounds were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The obtained results showed formation of hydrogen bonding between the compounds ingredients due to incorporation of C30B, especially in presence of ENR. AFM and FE-SEM analysis revealed good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix upon addition of ENR as well as better dispersion of C30B than C15A in the NBR phase. XRD results showed a greater expansion of the silicate layers by simultaneous use of organoclay and ENR Incorporation of organoclay alone or in combination with ENR in the blends caused shifting of the SBR T_g toward the NBR T_g. The tensile properties of the blends showed improvement by using nanoparticles in the presence of ENR.     

Tribological Properties of Hydroxyl-Terminated Liquid Nitrile Rubber-Modified Polyurethane/Epoxy Interpenetrating Polymer Network Composites

A series of castor oil-based polyurethane (PU)/epoxy resin (EP) graft interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) composites modified by two kinds of hydroxy-terminated liquid nitrile rubber (HTLN) was prepared. A systematic investigation of the tribological properties of the two kinds of HTLN-modified PU/EP IPN composites was carried out through a pin-on-disk arrangement under dry sliding conditions. Experimental results revealed that the incorporation of HTLN can improve the friction and wear properties of PU/EP IPN significantly. Both the friction coefficient and wear loss decreased with increasing content of HTLN. The worn surfaces of the samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscope and a three-dimensional (3D) noncontact surface-mapping profiler; the results showed that the worn surfaces of the PU/EP IPN composites became smooth when the HTLN was added. The mechanisms for the improvement of tribological properties are discussed.     

Mechanical and Flame Retardant Properties and Microstructure of Expandable Graphite/Silicone Rubber Composites

Flame-retardant expandable graphite (EG)/silicone rubber (SR) composites were prepared using nano-CaCO₃ particles as reinforcement filler. In addition to mechanical measurements, limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 and cone calorimeter tests (CCT), the thermal properties were tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the content and particle size of the EG both had large effects on the flammability and mechanical properties of the EG/SR blends. The composites that contained 25 phr EG (50–80 mu) had excellent LOI values, 47–48, and achieved the UL-94 V-0 level while the pure SR sample had the LOI value of 25 and achieved the UL-94 V-2 level. The data obtained from the CCT indicated that the addition of EG decreased remarkably the heat release rate, smoke emission, and mass loss rate of the composites. SEM microphotographs of the EG/SR composites before and after combustion demonstrated that EG underwent a large volume expansion, and the multiporous char structure blocked heat transfer and protected the substrate from fire.     

NiCoP/rGO复合材料的合成及其性能研究

以六水合氯化镍、七水合硫酸钴、氧化石墨烯(GO)和赤磷为原料,利用原位水热法,在不添加任何表面活性剂的情况下,合成了磷化钴镍/还原氧化石墨烯(NiCoP/rGO)纳米复合材料,并通过XRD、SEM、TEM、IR、Raman等对该复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,所得复合材料由NiCoP纳米颗粒和还原氧化石墨烯片层结构组成,NiCoP纳米颗粒尺寸大约为20 nm,均匀分布在rGO片层结构表面上,同时探讨了复合材料的形成过程.另外,复合材料的吸附脱除实验表明,所得复合材料对多种染料都具有非常好的吸附作用,因此,在污水处理方面有较大的应用价值.