Determination of the positions of the sulfate groups in sulfated polysaccharides

1. The possibility has been shown of using a method proposed by us previously to determine the positions of the sulfate groups in sulfated polysaccharides. 2. The positions of the sulfate groups in the following sulfated polysaccharides have been determined: fucan and pelvecyan fromPelvetia wrightii and sargassan fromSargassum pallidum.     

Sulfated steroids of sponges of the family Halichondriidae — Natural inhibitors of endo-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucanases

A source of natural inhibitors of endo-(1 3)--D glucanases has been found — sponges of the family Halichondriidae. It has been shown that the inhibitors are sulfated steroids such as halistanol sulfate and sokotrasterol sulfate. The link between the elements of the structure of an inhibitor and its inhibiting action has been investigated. The ratio between the hydrophobic and the hydrophilic parts of the inhibitor molecule play a deciding role in the manifestation of the inhibiting effect. The action of the inhibitor is irreversible. The compositions of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes (EIs) formed on the interaction of halistanol sulfate (I) and sokotrasterol sulfate (II) with the endo-(1 3)--D-glucanase fromChlamys albidus (E) have been determined: E:I=1:4, E:II=1:6.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 71–77, January–February, 1986.     

An investigation of a lipopolysaccharide-protein complex fromYersinia pseudotuberculosis by the light-scattering method

Summary An estimate has been made of the molecular weights and characteristic viscosities of aggregates of the LPPC fromYersinia pseudotuberculosis in water, and also in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, urea, guanidine hydrochloride, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. It has been shown that a high ionic strength of the solution and the presence of disaggregating agents lead to a considerable decrease in the molecular weight of the LPPC.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 51–53, January–February, 1979.     

Lipopolysaccharides of marine blue-green algae

The lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) have been isolated from two blue-green algae,Oscillatoria hilderbrandtii andNostoc sp. by the method of phenol-water extraction. The LPSs contain polysaccharide and lipid components. The polysaccharide fraction fromO. hildebrandtii consists predominantly of 1,3-bound rhamnose residues with a substituent in the second position. The rhamnose residues in the polysaccharide fraction ofNostoc are connected by 1,3- and 1,2-glycosidic bonds. The lipid components of the LPSs fromO. hilderbrandtii andNostoc consist of palmitic and steric acids, with glucosamine and glucose.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 493–496, July–August, 1985.     

Isolation,purification, and some physicochemical properties of glucose isomerase from Streptomyces atratus

A highly purified glucose isomerase with a specific activity 23.5 times greater than that of a homogenate of the mycelium has been obtained fromStreptomyces atratus by methods of homogenization from the freeze-dried biomass, heat treatment (70°C, 10 min), ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The yield of enzyme on the initial biomass was 51.8%. The molecular mass of the enzyme has been determined by various methods as 160 kDa but in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate in thin-layer PAG it amounts to 40 kDa.Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 524–528, July–August, 1990.     

Terpenoids of the oleoresin of Pinus pumila

Summary 1. The composition of the acid fraction of the oleresin ofPinus pumila (Pall.) Regel. has been studied, and from it has been isolated, in addition to known compounds, the methyl ester of a new labdane acetoxy acid.2. In the hydrocarbon fraction of the oleoresin 11 monoterpenes and 26 sesquiterpenes have been found (and 17 of the latter have been identified).3. The composition of the fraction of neutral oxygen-containing diterpenoids fromP. pumila differs considerably in its diterpenoid components from the corresponding fractions of the oleoresins of botanically related species-P. sibirica andP. koraiensis. Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 299–302, May–June, 1976.     

The structure of majdine, pseudokopsinine, and vinervinine

Summary Three new bases have been isolated fromVinca erecta andV. major. The structures of majdine, pseudokopsinine, and vinervinine have been established.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 310–315, 1967     

Triterpene glycosides of Gypsophila trichotoma V. The structure of trichoside D

Summary The structure of the glycosidic carbohydrate chain and the partial structure of the acyloside chain of trichoside D — a new triterpene glycoside fromGypsophila trichotoma — have been established.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 69–72, January–February, 1972.     

Polysaccharides ofPolygonatum II. A study of the dynamics of the accumulation of the polysaccharides ofPolygonatum sewerzowii

Summary The amounts of water-soluble polysaccharides in various organs ofPolygonatum sewerzowii in different vegetation periods have been determined and their polysaccharide compositions have been established.The maximum amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is present in the leaves and stems in the fruit-bearing period, in the roots at the time of budding, and in the rhizomes at the time of flowering. The quantitatively predominating component in the polysaccharides of the stems is galactose, and in the leaves, roots, and rhizomes, mannose. D-Mannose has been isolated from the rhizomes and leaves.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 3–5, January–February, 1979.     

Investigation of the chemical composition ofSaussurea frolovii, Ldb.

Summary A new triterpene alcohol saussurol and its O-acetate have been isolated fromSaussurea frolovii Lbd.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 256–262, 1965     

A study of the structure and stereochemistry of corydaine and corpaine by means of the intramolecular nuclear Overhauser effect

Summary The structure and relative configuration of corydaine and corpaine, spirobenzylisoquinoline alkaloids isolated previously fromCorydailis paczoskii have been established.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute for Medicinal Plants. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 2 pp. 166–168, March, 1971.     

Esters of Ferula karakalensis. Structure and stereochemistry of karaferin and karaferinin

Two new guaiane esters — karaferin and karaferinin — have been isolated fromFerula karakalensis, and their structures and stereochemistry have been established. It has been shown that theFerula sesquiterpene alcohols angrendiol, ugamdiol, and karaferol are biogenetically interconnected and are products of a single chain of the biogenesis of terpenoids in plants.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent; Botanical Garden of Moscow State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 227–231, March–April, 1993.     

Triterpene glycosides of Dianthus deltoides II. Structure of dianthoside C

Summary The structure of dianthoside C — a triterpene glycoside fromDianthus deltoides L. — has been established.A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 420–425, July–August, 1971.     

Proanthocyanidins of Rhodiola semenovii

The structures of two compounds previously isolated fromRhodiola semenovii, rhodokhinoside (I) and rhodikhim (II), have been established.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbek. Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 771–777, November–December, 1991.     

A study of the polysaccharides from the stems ofAlcea hyrcana

Conclusions 1. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been isolated from the bark and stems ofAlcea hyrcana Grossh. with yields of 2.2% and 1.6%, respectively; they contain uronic acids, glucose, arabinose, and xylose.2.The quantitative amounts of these monosaccharides in samples of the isolated polysaccharides have been determined.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 397–400, 1970     

(−)-Sesamin and (−)-savinin fromAcanthopanax sessiliflorum and their NMR spectra

Summary 1. The lignans (–)-sesamin and (–)-savinin have been isolated fromAcanthopanax sessiliflorum.2. On the basis of an analysis of the NMR spectrum, the cis- configuration of savinin with respect to the double bond has been proposed.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 149–152, 1966     

Polysaccharides of Eremurus. XXVI. Study of the structure of the pectin from the leaves of Eremurus regelii

The partial acid hydrolysis of the homogeneous fraction C of the pectin fromEremurus regelii Vved. leaves has given a galacturonan. Its structure has been established on the basis of the results of periodate-nitric acid oxidation, methylation, and¹³C NMR spectroscopy.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 191–194, March–April, 1993.     

Foliosidine acetonide

Summary Foliosidine acetonide has been isolated from the mixture of alkaloids fromH. foliosum.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 724–727, November–December, 1970.     

Mass spectra of alkaloids of the type of songorine

Conclusions Aconitine, songorine, and songoramine have been isolated fromAconitum karakolicum. The structure of songoramine has been established on the basis of chemical and spectral characteristics. A scheme for the fragmentation of songorine and its derivatives has been proposed.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 101–107, 1970     

Steroid compounds of marine sponges

A new sulfated steroid triol — 26-norsokotrasterol sulfate — has been identified in extracts of the sponge(Trachyopsis halichondroides). Its structure has been shown as 24,25,26-trimethyl-5-cholest-23-ene-2, 3, 6-triol trisulfate. No steroid substances with side chains having the structure of that in 26-norsokotrasterol sulfate have previously been found.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry. Far Eastern Branch, USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii. No. 3. pp. 371–375, May–June, 1988.