废旧锂离子电池正极材料有价金属回收研究进展

锂电池新能源汽车行业快速发展,大量含有贵金属的废旧锂电池(LIBs)进入退役期。目前废旧LIBs预处理及有价金属回收技术面临能源消耗量大、电池种类泛化性弱等问题。本文介绍了LIBs生命周期、组成及失效机理,综述了国内外废旧LIBs预处理及有价金属回收技术现状;总结了目前预处理技术中放电、破碎及分选工艺的不足,分析了有价金属回收再利用技术中湿法冶金和火法冶金回收工艺的优缺点;提出了废旧LIBs预处理方法和有价金属回收技术的研究方向。     

三元镍钴锰正极材料的制备及改性

三元镍钴锰正极材料是一类非常重要的正极材料,具有性能优于钴酸锂而成本远远低于钴酸锂、能量密度远远高于磷酸铁锂等重要优点,正在逐渐成为汽车动力电池的主流正极材料。但是,三元镍钴锰正极材料也存在循环稳定性不足、大电流密度放电性能不佳等问题。围绕解决这些问题并进一步提升三元镍钴锰正极材料的性能,近年来国内外在材料制备技术以及改性技术方面开展了大量的研究工作,取得了若干令人瞩目的研究成果。本文从材料制备方法、包覆修饰和掺杂改性三个方面,介绍了三元镍钴锰正极材料制备技术及改性技术的研究进展,在此基础上,对三元镍钴锰正极材料的未来发展方向作出展望。     

三元系等值线自动绘制软件的开发

三元系或伪三元系等值线在冶金物理化学中有广泛的应用,但目前国内对三元系等值线自动绘制的研究较少.本文以VB6.0为基础对三元系等值线的自动绘制进行了研究,解决了三元系及伪三元系中等值线的自动绘制问题.     

回收废锂离子电池中贵金属元素的研究进展

随着电力储能需求的激增,大量投入市场的锂离子电池在废弃时面临回收率低下的问题。废弃锂电池中锂、钴等贵金属作为战略性资源,存在短缺风险,对其提取并回收在减少环境污染的同时具有显著经济意义。湿法冶金工艺因其低能耗污染等优势,在回收锂电池贵金属的研究中应用广泛。本文在阐述锂电池结构的基础上,从浸出液、预处理等方面对工艺与机制进行深入分析,并简述以生物浸出液为主的生物湿法冶金作用机制与影响因素。此外,火法冶金技术在锂电池回收方面发展势头迅猛,文章归纳近期新兴工艺与回收机理。最后,总结现阶段工艺回收废锂离子电池中贵金属的局限,对未来技术升级进行展望,旨在促进贵金属回收进程,助力实现国家“双碳”目标。     

电动汽车与动力电池

通过回顾电动汽车一百多年的发展历史,讨论了化学电源技术对电动汽车发展的影响。在简要介绍电动汽车种类和电动汽车对动力电池的技术要求之后,围绕动力锂离子电池应用的主要问题进行了讨论,包括电池安全性、环境适应性和成本。最后,简单分析了未来动力电池技术的发展之路。     

铜的湿法冶金研究进展

简单介绍了国内外铜的湿法冶金研究现状,并对铜的湿法冶金原理和技术进行了详细阐述,最后对铜的湿法冶金作了展望.     

真空冶金在稀土金属制备及提纯领域的应用

真空冶金由于其能耗低、污染小、效益好等特点在冶金工业中表现出显著的优越性,并已经深入金属制备、提纯和二次资源回收利用等领域。本工作对真空冶金在稀土金属制备及提纯领域的应用进行了综述,简述了稀土金属的主要制备和提纯方法的工艺特点,重点介绍了真空还原-蒸馏、真空熔炼、真空蒸馏、固相外吸气剂法、固态电迁移的实验机制和研究现状,探讨了稀土金属中杂质的存在形式和迁移机制,最后提出了稀土金属提纯的发展方向。     

锂离子电池三元正极材料的研究进展

含有三种过渡金属元素的镍钴锰酸锂(Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2,简称三元材料)作为最有商业化前途的锂离子电池正极材料,近年来受到了研究者和工业界广泛关注,有望成为动力电池的主要正极活性物质.本文对几种主要组成的三元材料(111,523,424,811)的合成工艺、材料掺杂和表面包覆改性、电解液匹配三方面的最新研究进展进行了综述,并对其商业化应用前景进行了展望和评价.     

家用废弃干电池重金属浸出性探究

为了探究废旧干电池的浸出毒性,利用蒸馏水对2种破碎程度(1%和100%)的某品牌碱性干电池进行了分级浸取研究,对浸出液分别进行了汞、镉、铅、锌的测定。结果表明此品牌电池在实验条件下,汞未检出,但镉、铅、锌均可以检出,而且浸出液中的Zn浓度超过了污水综合排放标准。目前已有废旧电池回收利用技术,建议从我做起,积极分类回收废旧电池。     

锂离子动力电池及其关键材料的发展趋势

进一步提高电池的能量密度是动力电池发展的主题和趋势,而关键材料是其基础.本文从锂离子动力电池正、负极材料,隔膜及电解液等几个方面,对锂离子动力电池关键材料的发展趋势进行评述.开发高电压、高容量的正极新材料成为动力锂离子电池比能量大幅度提升的主要途径;负极材料将继续朝低成本、高比能量、高安全性的方向发展,硅基负极材料将全面替代其他负极材料成为行业共识.此外,本文还对锂离子动力电池正极、负极材料等的选择及匹配技术、动力电池安全性、电池制造工艺等的关键技术进行了简要分析,并提出了锂离子动力电池研究中应予以关注的基础科学问题.     

三元锂离子电池容量衰减机理研究进展

三元锂离子电池主要是指使用镍钴锰酸锂(NCM)或镍钴铝酸锂(NCA)作为正极材料的锂离子电池,三元锂离子电池广泛应用于电动汽车、3C电子产品、储能等领域。然而,三元锂离子电池的循环寿命已成为其进一步发展的最大障碍,因此了解三元锂离子电池的容量衰退机理具有重要意义。三元锂离子电池的衰退机理主要包括五个方面:晶体结构的改变和相变、活性材料的损失、电解质的分解和消耗、可脱嵌锂离子的损耗以及固体电解质界面的形成。本文总结了近年来相关方面的研究进展,以期更全面地总结三元锂离子电池的容量衰减机理,并对三元锂离子电池的应用前景进行了展望。     

Quantum-Chemical Study of the FeNCN Conversion-Reaction Mechanism in Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries

We report a computational study on 3d transition-metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) carbodiimides in Li- and Na-ion batteries. The obtained cell voltages semi-quantitatively fit the experiments, highlighting the practicality of PBE+U as an approach for modeling the conversion-reaction mechanism of the FeNCN archetype with lithium and sodium. Also, the calculated voltage profiles agree satisfactorily with experiment both for full (Li-ion battery) and partial (Na-ion battery) discharge, even though experimental atomistic knowledge is missing up to now. Moreover, we rationalize the structural preference of intermediate ternaries and their characteristic lowering in the voltage profile using chemical-bonding and Mulliken-charge analysis. The formation of such ternary intermediates for the lithiation of FeNCN and the contribution of at least one ternary intermediate is also confirmed experimentally. This theoretical approach, aided by experimental findings, supports the atomistic exploration of electrode materials governed by conversion reactions.     

Critical importance of current collector property to the performance of flexible electrochemical power sources

The property of current collector is significant to the performance of flexible power supply.     

Rechargeable Biomass Battery for Electricity Storage/generation and Concurrent Valuable Chemicals Production

The development of a rechargeable battery that can produce valuable chemicals in both electricity storage and generation processes holds great promise for increasing the electron economy and economic value. However, this battery has yet to be explored. Herein, we report a biomass flow battery that generates electricity while producing furoic acid, and store electricity while yielding furfuryl alcohol. The battery is composed of a rhodium-copper (Rh₁Cu) single-atom alloy as anode, a cobalt-doped nickel hydroxide (Co_0.2Ni_0.8(OH)₂) as cathode, and furfural-containing anolyte. In a full battery evaluation, this battery displays an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.29 V and a peak power density up to 107 mW cm⁻², surpassing most catalysis-battery hybrid systems. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate that this battery produces 1 kg furoic acid with 0.78 kWh electricity output, and yields 0.62 kg furfuryl alcohol when 1 kWh electricity is stored. This work may shed light on the design of rechargeable batteries with value-added functionality such as chemicals production.     

Wearable self-powered biosensors

Wearable self-powered biosensors are devices that operate without an external electronic power source or onboard battery and that use a biorecognition detection element to relay sensing information. Such devices are becoming more widespread following the larger trend of more ubiquitous wearable devices in general. Self-powering can be a particularly important characteristic in situations where replacing/recharging a battery is either impossible or impractical. Most wearable self-powered biosensors rely primarily on enzymatic reactions to supply the energy required for operation, but there are also other innovative approaches that combine multiple signal transduction techniques to simultaneously provide power and produce a detection signal. Areas of needed research include developing higher power energy harvesting techniques and more wearable self-powered biosensor devices that have integrated low-power wireless electronics.     

Ternary Sn–Co–C Li-ion battery electrode material prepared by high energy ball milling

The recent announcement of the launch in the market of a new type of lithium-ion battery has instilled new life in the R&D of innovative electrode materials and, in particular on multi-component, tin-based, nanostructured lithium metal storage anodes. Following this trend, we have synthesized by high energy ball milling a Sn–Co–C ternary compound of composition supposedly similar to that used in the new commercial battery. We have tested this material as an electrode in a single lithium cells, as well as in an original, complete lithium-ion battery configuration. The results demonstrate the promising feature of this compound as innovative, high-capacity lithium-ion electrode.     

电化学储能研究22年回顾

本文回顾了22年来作者的电化学储能研究活动,共分三个部分. 第一部分叙述高比能量、高比功率储能器件研究,包括锂硫电池研究（硫复合正极材料、锂硫电池制作、锂硼合金作为锂硫电池负极、硫-锂离子电池新体系）、超级电容器研究（超级活性炭、以酚醛树脂为原料制备电容炭、碳纳米管阵列中寄生准电容储能材料、氧化镍干凝胶准电容储能材料、归纳出电容炭材料的性能要求、电容器研制、确定“第四类”超级电容器）、锂离子电池研究（锂离子电池与可再生燃料电池的对决、双变价元素正极材料、磷酸钴锂正极材料、高功率锂离子电池的制作）. 第二部分叙述规模储能电池研究,包括液流电池新体系研究（蓄电与电化学合成的双功能液流电池、全金属化合物单液流电池、有机化合物正极的单液流电池）、致力于振兴铅酸电池（推广铅蓄电池新技术、铅炭电池的研究、铅酸电池新型板栅的研究）,储能电池（站）的经济效益计算方法. 第三部分叙述电动汽车发展路线研究,包括氢能燃料电池电动汽车、纯电动汽车与混合动力汽车、对我国电动汽车发展路线的建议、力争电动汽车补贴的合理化、坚守电动汽车“节能减排”宗旨、提出“发电直驱电动车”. 最后的结束语谈了三点感悟.     

富锂三元层状正极材料的研究进展

富锂三元层状正极材料(xLi₂MnO₃·(1-x)LiMO₂(0<x<1,M=Mn,Ni,Co))因其远高于其它正极材料的放电比容量而被视为下一代锂离子电池正极材料的最佳选择之一,是未来锂离子电池研究和发展的重点。 但由于其循环性能差、库伦效率低等缺陷,富锂正极材料迟迟不能实现商业化生产。 本文将介绍近几年国内外富锂三元层状正极材料的最新研究进展,主要包括富锂三元层状正极材料的组成、制备技术、结构和性能研究以及包覆与掺杂等改性方面的研究进展,同时对富锂层状正极材料未来的发展趋势和前景作了展望。     

Quantum‐Chemical Study of the FeNCN Conversion‐Reaction Mechanism in Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries

We report a computational study on 3d transition‐metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co) carbodiimides in Li‐ and Na‐ion batteries. The obtained cell voltages semi‐quantitatively fit the experiments, highlighting the practicality of PBE+U as an approach for modeling the conversion‐reaction mechanism of the FeNCN archetype with lithium and sodium. Also, the calculated voltage profiles agree satisfactorily with experiment both for full (Li‐ion battery) and partial (Na‐ion battery) discharge, even though experimental atomistic knowledge is missing up to now. Moreover, we rationalize the structural preference of intermediate ternaries and their characteristic lowering in the voltage profile using chemical‐bonding and Mulliken‐charge analysis. The formation of such ternary intermediates for the lithiation of FeNCN and the contribution of at least one ternary intermediate is also confirmed experimentally. This theoretical approach, aided by experimental findings, supports the atomistic exploration of electrode materials governed by conversion reactions.