氟钒锰共掺对TiO2柱撑膨润土光催化脱硝性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备氟钒锰共掺改性的TiO2柱撑膨润土,使用XRD、氮吸附、UV-vis光谱和SEM等手段对其进行了表征测试,并对其室温下的可见光催化脱硝性能进行了评价研究。结果表明,对于NO质量浓度为661μg/m3的气体,F-VM n共掺TiO2柱撑膨润土的光催化脱除效率近似达到100%,而NO质量浓度提升至1657μg/m3时,光催化效率为81.9%,与未柱撑的F-V-Mn共掺TiO2相比提高了33.8%。F-V-Mn共掺TiO2柱撑膨润土上光催化脱反应速率常数最大,是V-Mn共掺TiO2柱撑膨润土的2倍,且前者的抗水和抗SO2中毒能力也更强。TiO2柱撑不仅保留了膨润土的片状晶体结构,而且使膨润土层间距由0.667 nm增大至0.710 nm,吸附能力增强;同时,掺杂元素能抑制TiO2金红石相生长,降低TiO2禁带宽度,提高可见光响应,延长使用寿命,拓宽应用范围。     

TiO2柱撑膨润土对染料茜素红的吸附行为

TiO2柱撑膨润土对染料茜素红的吸附行为;柱撑膨润土;吸附;茜素红;动力学;热力学     

Al/Fe多核羟基阳离子柱撑膨润土的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

以云南砚山膨润土为原料,Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)为柱化剂,采用水热离子交换法,在不同B值(OH-/M~(3+)物质的量之比)和不同Al/Fe条件下制备Al/Fe多核羟基阳离子柱撑膨润土,并用其作为吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子含量为100 mg/L的模拟废水。结果表明,原土的吸附率较低,柱撑后的膨润土有很好吸附效果,吸附率均在90%以上,其中B值为2.5,Al/Fe为1∶10条件下,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附率达到99.81%。     

溴化铵改性膨润土脱除气态单质汞的特性及机理分析

采用溴化铵对钠基膨润土进行改性制得脱汞吸附剂,在固定床实验装置上对所制备的吸附剂进行脱汞性能测试。脱汞实验结果表明,钠基膨润土较钙基膨润土在脱汞性能上提高不大,而溴化铵改性的钠基膨润土(Br-Ben/Na)脱汞性能得到明显提高,脱汞效率达到97.7%。吸附温度的升高有利于对Hg0的脱除,在140℃下,10%Br-Ben/Na吸附剂的脱汞率能长时间保持在90%以上,说明在此吸附过程中化学吸附占主导性作用。通过N2吸附/脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、元素分析仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析等结果表明,改性后的膨润土比表面积下降,平均孔径增大;铵根离子进入到膨润土的层间置换出层间钠离子,煅烧活化过程中层间的铵根离子并未分解,而在层间与膨润土结合为某吸附活性组分协助Br-与Hg0反应,提高了膨润土的脱汞性能。     

氟钒锰共掺对TiO2柱撑膨润土光催化脱硝性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备氟钒锰共掺改性的TiO₂柱撑膨润土，使用XRD、氮吸附、UV-vis光谱和SEM等手段对其进行了表征测试，并对其室温下的可见光催化脱硝性能进行了评价研究。结果表明，对于NO质量浓度为661 μg/m³的气体，F-V-Mn共掺TiO₂柱撑膨润土的光催化脱除效率近似达到100%，而NO质量浓度提升至1657 μg/m³时，光催化效率为81.9%，与未柱撑的F-V-Mn共掺TiO₂相比提高了33.8%。F-V-Mn共掺TiO₂柱撑膨润土上光催化脱反应速率常数最大，是V-Mn共掺TiO₂柱撑膨润土的2倍，且前者的抗水和抗SO₂中毒能力也更强。TiO₂柱撑不仅保留了膨润土的片状晶体结构，而且使膨润土层间距由0.667 nm增大至0.710 nm，吸附能力增强；同时，掺杂元素能抑制TiO₂金红石相生长，降低TiO₂禁带宽度，提高可见光响应，延长使用寿命，拓宽应用范围。     

铁钛双金属共柱撑膨润土光催化-Fenton降解苯酚

 通过简单的离子交换方法成功合成了铁钛双金属共柱撑膨润土催化剂, 并利用 N2 吸附、X 射线衍射和等离子体发射光谱对所合成的样品进行了表征. 以苯酚为目标污染物, 考察了 pH 值、催化剂的投加量以及双氧水的加入量等对苯酚降解性能的影响. 结果表明, 在中性条件和紫外光照射下, 铁钛双金属柱撑膨润土上苯酚降解率和矿化率都高达 95%, 且铁离子的溶出率始终低于 2 mg/L, 均优于单一铁柱撑膨润土催化剂. 经过五次循环测试, 催化剂均表现出较高的活性. 即使在碱性 (pH = 9.0) 条件下, 反应 180 min 苯酚降解率也高达 70.3%, 表现出较好的酸碱适应性. 并讨论了双金属柱撑土所具有较大的比表面积和较强的表面酸性与活性之间的关系.     

利用粉状聚合物吸附剂脱除盐酸溶液中氯仿的研究

为了选择合适的吸附剂来脱除盐酸溶液中的氯仿,本文测定了几种聚合物吸附剂在298.15 K温度下对水溶液和20%盐酸溶液中氯仿的吸附等温线,考察了其吸附能力,并将其吸附能力与活性炭和固体石蜡进行了比较。所研究的吸附剂包括粉末状氯化橡胶,聚丙烯,氯化聚丙烯,聚氯乙烯,活性炭和固体石蜡。结果表明,这些吸附剂的吸附行为服从Langmuir 方程,其吸附能力的次序为活性炭>聚氯乙烯>氯化橡胶>聚丙烯 >氯化聚丙烯 >固体石蜡。该次序基本上与从聚氯乙烯到固体石蜡吸附剂中氯含量逐渐降低的次序相一致。聚氯乙烯与氯化橡胶的吸附能力与活性炭相当,其饱和吸附量大约为1.4g-CHCl3/g-吸附剂。所有吸附剂对氯仿的吸附能力均随着溶液中盐酸浓度的增加而降低。结果表明,工业级的粉状聚氯乙烯或氯化橡胶可以作为一种有效的吸附剂脱除水溶液中的氯仿,且具有成本低,吸附性好和易于通过热再生循环利用的特点。     

有机膨润土吸附水中重金属和有机污染物的性能及机理研究

螯合剂柱撑有机膨润土IMB-TMA-Am能有效吸附水中有机物对硝基苯酚(PNP)和重金属离子Cu2 ,其中IMB为内蒙膨润土;CTMA为溴化十六烷基三甲基季铵盐阳离子;Am分别为有机螯合剂乙二胺(En)、三乙烯四胺(TETA)和四乙烯五胺(TEPA)。实验结果表明:螯合剂柱撑有机膨润土对有机污染物的吸附主要表现为有机物在长碳链疏水介质中的分配,其吸附能力和膨润土内有机碳、氮含量一致;对水中重金属离子的吸附机理是Cu2 和进入膨润土层间的有机螫合剂Am形成了配合物,其吸附能力和所形成配合物的稳定性一致。     

掺铽TiO2柱撑膨润土复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

钛柱撑膨润土;铽;掺杂;光催化活性;五氯酚钠     

膨润土负载壳聚糖制备吸附剂

将壳聚糖与膨润土混合制得一种吸附剂。将其用于染料溶液的脱色、陈醋的澄清、中药注射液中鞣酸的清除等,脱色率为97％,鞣酸脱除率为50％,陈醋的透光率为25．8％。通过X射线衍射图讨论了膨润土的改性机理。改性后膨润土的片状层结构未发生变化,壳聚糖仅仅吸附在膨润土的内外表面。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.