New Properties of the Zeros of Krall Polynomials

We identify a new class of algebraic relations satisfied by the zeros of orthogonal polynomials that are eigenfunctions of linear differential operators of order higher than two, known as Krall polynomials. Given an orthogonal polynomial family , we relate the zeros of the polynomial p_N with the zeros of p_m for each m ≤ N (the case m = N corresponding to the relations that involve the zeros of p_N only). These identities are obtained by finding exact expressions for the similarity transformation that relates the spectral and the (interpolatory) pseudospectral matrix representations of linear differential operators, while using the zeros of the polynomial p_N as the interpolation nodes. The proposed framework generalizes known properties of classical orthogonal polynomials to the case of nonclassical polynomial families of Krall type. We illustrate the general result by proving new identities satisfied by the Krall-Legendre, the Krall-Laguerre and the Krall-Jacobi orthogonal polynomials.     

Fractional Stochastic Differential Equations Satisfying Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem

We propose in this work a fractional stochastic differential equation (FSDE) model consistent with the over-damped limit of the generalized Langevin equation model. As a result of the ‘fluctuation-dissipation theorem’, the differential equations driven by fractional Brownian noise to model memory effects should be paired with Caputo derivatives, and this FSDE model should be understood in an integral form. We establish the existence of strong solutions for such equations and discuss the ergodicity and convergence to Gibbs measure. In the linear forcing regime, we show rigorously the algebraic convergence to Gibbs measure when the ‘fluctuation-dissipation theorem’ is satisfied, and this verifies that satisfying ‘fluctuation-dissipation theorem’ indeed leads to the correct physical behavior. We further discuss possible approaches to analyze the ergodicity and convergence to Gibbs measure in the nonlinear forcing regime, while leave the rigorous analysis for future works. The FSDE model proposed is suitable for systems in contact with heat bath with power-law kernel and subdiffusion behaviors.     

Zeros of Graph-Counting Polynomials

Given a finite graph E we define a family of subgraphs F by restricting the number of edges of F with endpoint at any vertex of E. Defining , we can in many cases give precise information on the location of zeros of (zeros all real negative, all imaginary, etc.). Extensions of these results to weighted and infinite graphs are given. Received: 4 May 1998 / Accepted: 12 June 1998     

Properties of the Zeros of the Polynomials Belonging to the Askey Scheme

In this paper, we provide properties—which are, to the best of our knowledge, new—of the zeros of the polynomials belonging to the Askey scheme. These findings include Diophantine relations satisfied by these zeros when the parameters characterizing these polynomials are appropriately restricted.     

Construction of Functional Polynomials for Solutions of Integrodifferential Equations

Russian Physics Journal - The integrodifferential equations of mathematical physics are objects of research, and construction of interpolating polynomials to obtain approximate solutions of such...     

Pair Correlation Statistics for the Zeros of Lamé Polynomials

The joint eigenfunctions of a quantum completely integrable system can naturally be described in terms of products of Lamé polynomials. In this paper, we compute the limiting pair correlation distribution for the zeros of Lamé polynomials in various thermodynamic, asymptotic regimes. We give results both in the mean and pointwise, for an asymptotically full set of values of the parameters α₀,. . .,α_N. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000) 81R12, 53A55.     

Density of Complex Zeros of a System of Real Random Polynomials

We study the density of complex zeros of a system of real random SO(m+1) polynomials in m variables. We show that the density of complex zeros of this random polynomial system with real coefficients rapidly approaches the density of complex zeros in the complex coefficients case. We also show that the behavior the scaled density of complex zeros near ℝ ^m of the system of real random polynomials is different in the m≥2 case than in the m=1 case: the density approaches infinity instead of tending linearly to zero.     

Reliability Polynomials and Their Asymptotic Limits for Families of Graphs

We present exact calculations of reliability polynomials R(G,p) for lattice strips G of fixed widths L _y 4 and arbitrarily great length L _x with various boundary conditions. We introduce the notion of a reliability per vertex, r({G},p)=lim_|V|R(G,p)^1/|V| where |V| denotes the number of vertices in G and {G} denotes the formal limit lim_|V|G. We calculate this exactly for various families of graphs. We also study the zeros of R(G,p) in the complex p plane and determine exactly the asymptotic accumulation set of these zeros , across which r({G}) is nonanalytic.     

Quantized Lax Equations and Their Solutions

The O(3) sigma model and abelian Higgs model in two space dimensions admit topological (Bogomol'nyi) lower bounds on their energy. This paper proposes lattice versions of these systems which maintain the Bogomol'nyi bounds. One consequence is that instantons/solitons/vortices on the lattice then have a high degree of stability. Received: 29 February 1996 / Accepted: 5 August 1996     

Relaxation Processes and Fractional Differential Equations

Relaxation properties of different media (dielectrics, semiconductors, ferromagnetics, and so on) are normally expressed in terms of response function f(t) or of real and imaginary components of its Fourier transform dependent on the frequency . It had been recently recognized that most of real materials show deviation from classical Debye process. There exist a few empirical approximations of non-Debye response functions. One of them is the two-power approximation containing and , where and belong to the interval (0, 1). This formula gives the basis for introducing of fractional differential equation considered in this paper. A stochastic interpretation of this equation is offered; its solution is found and investigated. The results are in agreement with experimental data.     

New Q Matrices and Their Functional Equations for the Eight Vertex Model at Elliptic Roots of Unity

The Q matrix invented by Baxter in 1972 to solve the eight vertex model at roots of unity exists for all values of N, the number of sites in the chain, but only for a subset of roots of unity. We show in this paper that a new Q matrix, which has recently been introduced and is non zero only for N even, exists for all roots of unity. In addition we consider the relations between all of the known Q matrices of the eight vertex model and conjecture functional equations for them.     

Flow Polynomials and Their Asymptotic Limits for Lattice Strip Graphs

We present exact calculations of flow polynomials F(G,q) for lattice strips of various fixed widths L _y 4 and arbitrarily great lengths L _x , with several different boundary conditions. Square, honeycomb, and triangular lattice strips are considered. We introduce the notion of flows per face fl in the infinite-length limit. We study the zeros of F(G,q) in the complex q plane and determine exactly the asymptotic accumulation sets of these zeros in the infinite-length limit for the various families of strips. The function fl is nonanalytic on this locus. The loci are found to be noncompact for many strip graphs with periodic (or twisted periodic) longitudinal boundary conditions, and compact for strips with free longitudinal boundary conditions. We also find the interesting feature that, aside from the trivial case L _y =1, the maximal point, q _cf , where crosses the real axis, is universal on cyclic and Möbius strips of the square lattice for all widths for which we have calculated it and is equal to the asymptotic value q _cf =3 for the infinite square lattice.     

Difference Equations and Pieri Formulas for G 2 Type Macdonald Polynomials and Integrability

We present a second explicit difference equation and—by duality symmetry—a second explicit Pieri formula for the Macdonald polynomials associated with the exceptional root system of type G ₂, complementing the celebrated difference equation and Pieri formula due to Macdonald. As by-product, we find a complete set of integrals for the corresponding trigonometric Ruijsenaars–Schneider type particle system.     

Dark Sharma-Tasso-Olver Equations and Their Recursion Operators

A complete scalar classification for dark Sharma-Tasso-Olver's(STO's) equations is derived by requiring the existence of higher order differential polynomial symmetries. There are some free parameters for every class of dark STO systems, thus some special equations including symmetry equation and dual symmetry equation are obtained by selecting a free parameter. Furthermore, the recursion operators of STO equation and dark STO systems are constructed by a direct assumption method.     

Differential Operators,Symmetries and the Inverse Problem for Second-Order Differential Equations

Abstract

With each second-order differential equation Z in the evolution space J ¹(M _n+1) we associate, using the natural f(3, ?1)-structure and the f(3, 1)-structure K, a group of automorphisms of the tangent bundle T (J ¹(M _n+1)), with isomorphic to a dihedral group of order 8. Using the elements of and the Lie derivative, we introduce new differential operators on J ¹(M _n+1) and new types of symmetries of Z. We analyze the relations between the operators and the “dynamical” connection induced by Z. Moreover, we analyze the relations between the various symmetries, also in connection with the inverse problem for Z. Both the approach based on the Poincaré–Cartan two forms and the one relying on the introduction of the so-called metrics compatible with Z are explicitly worked out.