Zn2GeO4纳米棒的制备及发光性质

采用水热合成法制备了纯菱形相的Zn₂GeO₄纳米棒,研究了水热制备前驱体溶液的pH值对材料尺寸及形貌的影响以及Zn₂GeO₄纳米棒的光学性质。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试结果表明,随着前驱体溶液pH值的变化样品逐渐由微米级块状结构生长成为纳米颗粒,并且进一步形成纳米棒结构。纳米棒的尺寸由长200 nm变化到500 nm。室温光致发光（PL）光谱中观察到位于450和530 nm两个不同的发光峰,其分别源于Zn₂GeO₄的不同缺陷能级。     

室温一步固相反应合成纳米氧化锌的表征、光催化性能及动力学

以七水硫酸锌、氢氧化钠为原料,采用室温一步固相反应合成ZnO纳米粒子,并分别利用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析（FTIR）、热重分析（TG）、扫描电子显微分析（SEM）、透射电子显微分析（TEM）、N₂吸附-脱附、紫外可见漫反射光谱分析（UV-Vis DRS）等方法对ZnO纳米粒子进行表征。实验结果表明：不需任何添加剂,室温下可通过一步固相反应合成ZnO纳米粒子,其形成过程首先是ZnSO₄·7H₂O和NaOH充分接触,然后反应形成Zn₄SO₄（OH）₆·5H₂O,最后NaOH的溶解热可使Zn₄SO₄（OH）₆·5H₂O转变为ZnO并逐渐长大形成纳米粒子。同时以甲基橙为降解对象评价了ZnO纳米粒子的光催化活性,实验结果表明：紫外光照射下,该方法合成的ZnO纳米粒子对甲基橙具有较好的光催化活性,且光催化动力学方程符合准一级反应动力学。     

可磁分离的镍锌铁氧体-石墨烯复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以硝酸锌、硝酸镍、硝酸铁为原料,采用微波水热法快速制备了Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄-graphene纳米复合材料。该复合材料的XRD、Raman、TEM/HRTEM、XPS和VSM结果表明13 nm左右的尖晶石型镍锌铁氧体纳米颗粒分散锚固在石墨烯片上,纳米复合材料的饱和磁化强度为28.2 A·m²·kg^-1,剩磁和矫顽力基本为零表现为超顺磁性。在H₂O₂存在条件下可见光照射90 min,亚甲基蓝(MB)降解率达到97.5%,较好的光催化活性主要归因于石墨烯的存在有利于光生载流子的分离,产生更多活性中间体用于有机染料污染物的降解。考察了磁性光催化剂的重复利用和催化能力的稳定性,能够满足磁性回收和再使用的要求。     

不同形貌Bi4Ti3O12粒子的可控合成及光催化性能

研究了用一步水热法制备的不同形貌的钛酸铋(Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, BIT)粒子的光学和可见光催化性能, 并对其晶体结构和微观结构用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段进行了表征. XRD结果表明, 所制备的BIT 样品为层状钙钛矿结构. FESEM结果表明, 通过控制水热过程的反应参数可以得到不同形貌的纳米粒子. 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)表明BIT 样品的带隙能约为2.88-2.93 eV. 利用可见光(λ>420 nm)照射下的甲基橙(MO)降解实验评价了BIT 样品的光催化性能. 结果表明, BIT 的光催化活性比掺氮TiO₂ (N-TiO₂)高得多. 研究了形貌对BIT 光催化性能的影响. 所制备的BIT纳米带光催化效率最高, 经可见光照射360 min, 甲基橙溶液的降解率可达到95.0%.     

层状、花形和棒状钛酸铋纳米结构的可控合成及光催化性能

通过可控水热法,制备出层状、花形和棒状钛酸铋(Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂,BIT)纳米结构。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观测其结构和形貌特征。XRD图显示,所制备的样品为层状钙钛矿结构。FESEM结果表明,通过控制水热过程的反应参数可以得到不同形貌的纳米粉体。紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-VisDRS)表明BIT样品的带隙能约为2.63~2.95eV。利用可见光(λ>420nm)照射下的甲基橙降解实验评价了BIT样品的光催化性能。结果表明,BIT的光催化活性比掺氮TiO₂(N-TiO₂)高得多。所制备的层状BIT纳米结构光催化效率最高,经可见光照射360min,甲基橙溶液的降解率可达95.0%。同时还研究了结构和形貌对不同条件下制备的BIT样品光催化活性的影响。     

纳米结构羟基磷灰石的微波固相合成新方法

本文报道了一种简单的室温下微波辅助合成羟基磷灰石(HAP)的新方法。与常规方法相比，该方法具有反应条件温和、反应时间极短的优点。合成中，以Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O和Na₃PO₄·12H₂O为原料，经过研磨和微波加热得到了HAP纳米粒子和纳米棒。用XRD、FTIR，BET和SEM等对产物进行了表征。在反应过程中，微波辐射作为一种加热处理手段对HAP的形成起到非常重要作用。同时     

自组装合成纳米复合TiO2-ZnO介孔材料及其光催化性能

以TiCl₄, ZnSO₄•7H₂O为原料, 尿素为沉淀剂, 利用可溶性淀粉大分子链的空间位阻效应和高分子网络的阻隔作用, 以纳米级碳黑为模板, 采用微波加热、均相沉淀法合成出了一系列纳米TiO₂-ZnO复合介孔材料. XRD分析证明反应前驱体为非晶态, 500 ℃以上转变为锐钛矿结构的TiO₂和ZnTiO₃, 当Ti∶Zn＝1(摩尔比)时, 产物全部为ZnTiO₃ (TiO₂•ZnO). TEM形貌观察结合N₂吸附表明, 基本粒子为球形, 粒径15～20 nm. 最可几孔径8～10 nm. EDS分析证明产品中Ti∶Zn的分析测定值与实际的投料值基本一致, 并且掺杂均匀性好. 光吸收及光催化实验发现Zn含量为50%时, 光催化效果最好, 在日光照射90 min后, 此TiO₂-ZnO复合材料对藏蓝染料溶液降解率可达到100%, 其光催化反应符合一级动力学方程.     

反应温度对微波水热法合成Bi2WO6粉体及光催化性能影响的研究

以Na₂WO₄·2H₂O和Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O为原料,用微波水热法在140~200 ℃保温1 h合成出不同形貌的正交晶相粉体。利用 XRD、FE-SEM、BET、DRS等分析手段表征了Bi₂WO₆粉体,以RhB溶液为目标降解物,对不同反应温度下合成粉体的光催化性能进行了研究,结果表明：反应温度对合成Bi₂WO₆粉体的物相、形貌及光催化性能均有较大影响,180 ℃时合成的绒线团状Bi₂WO₆粉体比表面积为25.63 m²·g^-1,禁带宽度为2.92 eV,因光在粉体催化剂内产生了漫反射,光催化效果最佳,在可见光照射下3h时RhB溶液降解率达到了96%,紫外光照射下2 h时RhB溶液降解率达到了98%以上。     

圆形片状纳米复合材料Ag/ZnO-ZrO2微波辅助合成与多模式光催化罗丹明B

采用微波辅助结合沉淀法制备了以ZnO为主体的纳米复合材料Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-Vis/DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和N2吸附-脱附等表征手段研究了微波辐射对Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂晶型结构、形貌及表面物理化学性质的影响。结果表明, 在200 W微波辐射作用下, 该样品晶型结构未发生明显变化, 但Ag的衍射峰明显增强, 同时, 其晶粒尺寸、光吸收性质和表面物理化学性质等方面则发生改变, 尤其是样品Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂的形貌呈现了圆形片状结构。分别在紫外和微波辅助条件下对纳米复合材料的光催化性能进行了一系列考察, 同时为了进一步评价所合成样品在太阳光作用下的实用价值, 又考察了Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂在模拟日光条件下的光催化性能。结果显示, 紫外光作用下, 纳米复合材料Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂的光催化活性高于市售P25以及未经微波处理的样品, 且在微波辅助光催化条件下, 其活性有较大程度提高。200 W微波功率下所合成样品Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂在模拟日光作用下显现出较高活性。另外, 根据紫外光条件下对光催化活性物种的捕获实验提出了Ag/ZnO-ZrO₂可能的光催化机理。     

球形、花形和线状钒酸铋的可控合成及光催化性能

通过无模板、无助剂的可控水热法, 制备出球形、花形和线状钒酸铋(BiVO₄), 研究了其光学和可见光催化性能. 通过X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)观测其结构和形貌特征. XRD谱线显示, 所制备的样品为单斜晶体结构. TEM结果表明, 通过控制水热过程的反应参数可以得到不同形貌的纳米粉体. 基于不同条件下制备的样品的微结构分析, 提出了这些不同形貌的形成机制. 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)表明BiVO₄样品的带隙能约为2.19-2.33 eV. 利用可见光(λ>420 nm)照射下的罗丹明B(RhB)降解实验评价了BiVO₄样品的光催化性能. 结果表明, BiVO₄的光催化活性比商用TiO₂催化剂P25 和掺氮TiO₂ (N-TiO₂)高得多. 所制备的球形BiVO₄光催化效率最高, 经可见光照射180 min, RhB溶液的降解率可达100%. 系统地研究了结构和形貌对不同pH值下制备的BiVO₄样品光催化活性的影响.     

Zn_2GeO_4纳米棒的制备及发光性质

采用水热合成法制备了纯菱形相的Zn_2GeO_4纳米棒,研究了水热制备前驱体溶液的pH值对材料尺寸及形貌的影响以及Zn_2GeO_4纳米棒的光学性质。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明,随着前驱体溶液pH值的变化样品逐渐由微米级块状结构生长成为纳米颗粒,并且进一步形成纳米棒结构。纳米棒的尺寸由长200 nm变化到500 nm。室温光致发光(PL)光谱中观察到位于450和530 nm两个不同的发光峰,其分别源于Zn_2GeO_4的不同缺陷能级。     

A Structural Investigation of La2(GeO4)O and Alkaline-Earth-Doped La9.33(GeO4)6O2

The structures of the oxyorthogermanate La₂(GeO₄)O and the apatite-structured La_9.33(GeO₄)₆O₂ have been refined from powder neutron diffraction data. La₂(GeO₄)O crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell (P2₁/c) and is cation stoichiometric in contrast to previous reports. La_9.33(GeO₄)₆O₂ crystallizes in a hexagonal unit cell (P6₃/m) and the powder diffraction data show anisotropic peak broadening that is observed in electron diffraction patterns as incommensurate diffuse spots at hkq reciprocal planes (with q=1.6-1.7) and can be attributed to a correlated disorder in the “apatite channels”. This compound was doped up to a nominal composition close to M₂La₈(GeO₄)₆O₂ with M=Ca, Sr, Ba. The dopant ions preferentially occupy the 4f sites as the number of La vacancies decreases. The measured ionic conductivity of La_9.33(GeO₄)₆O₂ is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than for La₂(GeO₄)O at high temperatures and decreases with increasing dopant content from the highest value of about 0.16 S cm⁻¹ at 1160 K.     

Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic properties of novel zinc germanate nano-materials

We report the first instance of a hydrothermal synthesis of zinc germanate (Zn₂GeO₄) nano-materials having a variety of morphologies and photochemical properties in surfactant, template and catalyst-free conditions. A systematic variation of synthesis conditions and detailed characterization using X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering led to a better understanding of the growth of these particles from solution. At 140 °C, the zinc germanate particle morphology changes with pH from flower-shaped at pH 6.0, to poly-disperse nano-rods at pH 10 when the Zn to Ge ratio in the synthesis solution is 2. When the Zn to Ge ratio is reduced to 1.25, mono-disperse nano-rods could be prepared at pH 7.5. Nanorod formation is also independent of the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), in contrast to previous reports. Photocatalytic tests show that Zn₂GeO₄ nano-rods (by weight) and flower shaped (by surface area) are the most active for methylene blue dye degradation among the synthesized zinc germanate materials.     

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of PMMA/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocomposite in mixed surfactant system

PMMA/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanocomposite with superparamagnetic behavior was synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization of methylmethacrylate (MMA) monomer in the presence of Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ colloidal suspension assisted by ultrasonic irradiation. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD and FT-IR spectra confirmed the formation of PMMA/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanocomposite. TEM images showed that Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanoparticles with the particle sizes of about 12 nm were well dispersed in the polymer matrix. The nanocomposite at room temperature exhibited superparamagnetic behavior under applied magnetic field. The formation mechanism of PMMA/Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄ nanocomposite was proposed as well.     

铝热反应法制备双股类螺旋Zn2SnO4单晶纳米带

综合利用化学气相沉积、铝热反应法、汽-液-固生长法、极性面融合和稳态湍流动力学控制来大量制备双股类螺旋Zn₂SnO₄单晶纳米带. 该材料属于面心立方尖晶石型透明半导体, 在光伏器件和湿度与可燃气体传感器中有着广泛的应用. 扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子衍射、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱以及光发射等技术分析表明所得的双股类螺旋纳米带是由两个独立的Zn₂SnO₄纳米带通过扭曲纠缠和融合而成. 该双股类螺旋纳米带实际上是在轴向具有周期性的超晶格材料. 光致发光测量表明该纳米带在326.1 nm处出现强发射峰, 线宽约为1.5nm. 本研究所采用的综合制备法中的铝热反应法和稳态湍流微扰法可能有助于类似材料的控制制备.     

Hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of Zn2SnO4

Nanosized Zn₂SnO₄ (ZTO) particles were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process in water/ethylene glycol mixed solution using amines (ethylamine, n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, and n-octylamine) as mineralizer. The products were characterized by X-ray diffractions (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N₂ adsorption. The results indicated that the hydrothermal conditions, such as alkaline concentration (n-butylamine), reaction temperature, solvent composition, and the kind of amines, had an important influence on the composition, crystallinity, and morphology of the product. The as-synthesized ZTO samples exhibited high activities and durabilities for photodegradation of methyl orange and the activities were mainly affected by the crystallinities of the samples. A hexagonal-shaped ZTO (H-ZTO) sample was prepared in 0.53 M of n-butylamine solution at 180 °C for 20 h and its optical properties were characterized by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Furthermore, the photocatalytic H₂ evolution reaction from ethanol aqueous solution over H-ZTO was also investigated.     

可见光响应的Co3(PO4)2/Ag3PO4纳米复合光催化剂的制备及表征

采用简单的化学偏聚法合成出Ag₃PO₄纳米颗粒、磷酸钴（Co₃（PO₄）₂,CoP）纳米片以及它们两者的纳米复合结构（CoP/Ag₃PO₄）,同时还比较了它们的可见光催化活性. 采用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、紫外-可见（UV-Vis）吸收光谱以及光致发光谱等手段对其形貌、结构、光学以及可见光催化性能等进行表征. 结果表明,CoP/Ag₃PO₄复合纳米结构的可见光降解甲基橙（MO）的速率和循环稳定性均明显优于其它两种物质. 这表明CoP应该起着共催化剂的作用,它能够抑制光生电子与空穴之间的复合,并且提供大量高活性的光生空穴. 此外,我们还发现CoP/Ag₃PO₄降解另一种阳离子型染料——罗丹明B（RhB）的能力则远不如纯Ag₃PO₄,这可能是与光催化剂的表面性质发生改变有关,造成更低的RhB吸附能力. 本文提供了一种廉价制备高效可见光催化剂的新方法.     

Ho3+/Yb3+共掺ZnO-Al2O3-GeO2-SiO2玻璃陶瓷的制备和上转换发光性质

综合ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂系和锗酸盐玻璃陶瓷的优点,采用熔融-晶化法首次制备了Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺以ZnAl₂O₄为主晶相的ZnO-Al₂O₃-GeO₂-SiO₂系玻璃陶瓷。因[GeO₄]四面体和[SiO₄]四面体都是玻璃网络形成体,讨论了GeO₂取代SiO₂对玻璃陶瓷样品硬度及发光性能的影响,最终确定GeO₂的取代量为10.55%（w/w）时,玻璃陶瓷综合性能最佳。在980 nm泵浦光的激发下,发现强的绿色（546 nm）和弱的红色（650 nm）上转换发光,并研究了不同Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺掺杂比对样品上转换发光的影响,最终结果表明当Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺掺杂比为1：11（n/n）时样品荧光强度最强,在绿色上转换发光材料方面具有潜在的应用。     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of ZnO/TiO2/SnO2 mixture

ZnO/TiO₂/SnO₂ mixture was prepared by mixing its component solid oxides ZnO, TiO₂ and SnO₂ in the molar ratio of 4?1?1, followed by calcining the solid mixture at 200-1300 °C. The products and solid-state reaction process during the calcinations were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement of specific surface area. Neither solid-state reaction nor change of crystal phase composition took place among the ZnO, TiO₂ and SnO₂ powders on the calcinations up to 600 °C. However, formation of the inverse spinel Zn₂TiO₄ and Zn₂SnO₄ was detected at 700-900 and 1100-1200 °C, respectively. Further increase of the calcination temperature enabled the mixture to form a single-phase solid solution Zn₂Ti_0.5Sn_0.5O₄ with an inverse spinel structure in the space group of . The ZnO/TiO₂/SnO₂ mixture was photocatalytically active for the degradation of methyl orange in water; its photocatalytic mass activity was 16.4 times that of SnO₂, 2.0 times that of TiO₂, and 0.92 times that of ZnO after calcination at 500 °C for 2 h. But, the mass activity of the mixture decreased with increasing the calcination temperature at above 700 °C because of the formation of the photoinactive Zn₂TiO₄, Zn₂SnO₄ and Zn₂Ti_0.5Sn_0.5O₄. The sample became completely inert for the photocatalysis after prolonged calcination at 1300 °C (42 h), since all of the active component oxides were reacted to form the solid solution Zn₂Ti_0.5Sn_0.5O₄ with no photocatalytic activity.