Authentication of Valeriana procera Kunth and comparative account of five Valeriana species

Valeriana procera Kunth (Mexican Valerian) is a commercially important species, sometimes used as a substitute for Valeriana officinalis L., an important sedative in herbal medicine. A detailed macroscopic and microscopic account was provided for V. procera Kunth and a comparison was made between the wild and cultivated samples of V. procera Kunth. Macro- and microscopic comparative analyses were performed to differentiate V. procera Kunth from V. officinalis L. and other commercially important Valerian species such as V. jatamansi Jones, Valeriana edulis Nutt, and V. sitchensis Bong.     

Quantification of Valerenic Acid in Valeriana jatamansi and Valeriana officinalis by HPTLC

A simple, rapid, cost-effective and accurate high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for quantification of valerenic acid in Valeriana jatamansi and Valeriana officinalis which is one of the stable compounds of Valeriana officinalis and designated as a key marker compound. Valerenic acid makes substantial contribution to the sedative and spasmolytic activity of the essential oil and extract of Valeriana officinalis. Separation and quantification was achieved by HPTLC using ternary mobile phase of hexane: ethyl acetate: acetic acid (80:20:0.5 v/v) on precoated silica gel 60F₂₅₄ aluminium plates and densitometric determination was carried out after derivatization with anisaldehyde-sulphuric acid reagent at 700 nm, in absorption-reflectance mode. The calibration curves were linear in the range of (500 ng–2.5 μg). This is the first HPTLC report for the identification and quantification of valerenic acid in Valeriana jatamansi and Valeriana officinalis.     

藏药绵参化学成分的HPLC-MSn分析

藏药绵参Eriophyton wallichii Benth为唇形科绵参属多年生草本植物,生长于海拔3400硂4700m的高山流石滩中,主要分布于尼泊尔、锡金和我国的青藏高原地区。该植物是一种传统的藏药材,藏药经典《蓝琉璃》曾将其记载为邦参布柔(藏语译音)。该藏药材性寒、味苦,有清热、止咳、祛痰     

Chemical composition of the rhizomes with roots of Valeriana wolgensis from the Valeriana officinalis group

All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Drugs Scientific Production Combine, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 141–143, January–February, 1991.     

Iridoids from the Roots of Valeriana jatamansi

Three new iridoids, jatamanins N–P ( 1 – 3 ), along with the seven known iridiods 4 – 10 , were isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Compound 1 is an unusual iridoid bearing two epoxy bridges between C(3) and C(6) and between C(1) and C(10), forming a unique cage‐like rigid skeleton. The structures of the new compounds were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic methods.     

川芎中微量元素的初级形态分析

中药川芎是伞形科藁木属川芎的干燥根茎,用于活血化瘀,治疗缺血性心、脑血管疾病及慢性心衰、肾衰,疗效良好。目前对于川芎及其提取物的药理作用、临床应用及其化学成分的研究较多,     

Determination of Lead and Copper in Ligusticum wallichii by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was used for the analysis of the Chinese traditional medicine, Ligusticum wallichii. The laser energy and delay time were optimized to obtain best spectral quality. The limits of detection for lead and copper were 15.7 and 6.3?µg?g^?1, respectively. Multiple linear regression models between the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy intensity and the mass fraction of lead and copper were constructed. Good agreement was observed between the actual concentrations and predicted values obtained by the models. These results demonstrate that the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy coupled with multiple linear regression is suitable for the determination of heavy metals in Chinese traditional medicine.     

Iridoids from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi and their biological activities

A new iridoid, jatamandoid A (1), and four known analogues (2-5) were isolated from the roots of Valeriana jatamansi. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis (IR, ESI-MS, HR-ESI-MS, 1-D and 2-D NMR). Five compounds were evaluated and compounds 1, 2 and 5 showed moderate neuroprotective effects against MPP(+)-induced neuronal SH-SY5Y cell death.     

An iridoid glucoside dimer and a non-glycosidic iridoid from the leaves of Lasianthus wallichii

A new iridoid glucoside dimer (1) and a non-glycosidic iridoid (2) was isolated together with the known compounds, asperuloside (3), paederoside (4), daphylloside (5), citroside A (6) and benzyl 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), from the leaves of Lasianthus wallichii. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical evidence.     

Two New Iridoids from the Roots of Valeriana officinalis

Valeriana officinalis is the official species used in Europe as sedatives and tranquilizers for centuries. Two new iridoids, volvaltrates C and D ( 1 and 2 ) were isolated from the ethanol extract as a mixture from the roots of V. officinalis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence including MS, 1D and 2D‐NMR spectra.     

Two New Iridoids from the Root and Rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones

Two new iridoids, jatamanvaltrates P and Q ( 1 and 2 , resp.), together with three known iridoids, rupesin B ( 3 ), chlorovaltrate ( 4 ), and valtrate ( 5 ), were isolated from the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones . The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D‐NMR techniques.     

Two New Iridoid Esters from the Root and Rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones

Two new iridoid esters, named valerjatadoids A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.), together with three known iridoid esters, jatamanin O ( 3 ), jatamanvaltrate P ( 4 ), and jatamanvaltrate Q ( 5 ), have been isolated from the root and rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones . The structures of the two new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D‐NMR techniques.     

Iridoids and sesquiterpenoids with NGF-potentiating activity from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana fauriei

A new iridoid glycoside, 10-isovaleryl kanokoside C (1), and a new sesquiterpene (2) together with two known compounds (3, 4) were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Valeriana fauriei. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 2 and 4 showed enhancing activity of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC 12D cells.     

Study on electrochemical profiles of Valeriana medicinal plants by capillary electrophoresis

The objective of this work was to develop a high-performance capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection (CE-AD) method for the determination of pharmacologically active ingredients in extracts of Valeriana medicinal plants. The method was validated for linearity, repeatability, limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs), etc. The LODs and LOQs of eight compounds were found to be in the range from 1.0 × 10^?8 to 1.2 × 10^?7 and 3.3 × 10^?8 to 4.0 × 10^?7 g/mL, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analyses and comparison of bioactive components in Valeriana samples after a relatively simple extraction procedure, and the resultant “electrochemical profiles” can intuitively demonstrate the content diversity of each electrochemically active ingredient in Valeriana samples from different places and plant parts. It was found the content of bioactive ingredients may vary by an order of magnitude depending on natural conditions, e.g. soil, climate, humidity etc.     

Two New Sesquiterpenes from the Roots of Valeriana fauriei Briq.

A phytochemical investigation of the MeOH extract of Valeriana fauriei Briq . roots resulted in the isolation of two new sesquiterpenes, isovalerianin A (=(1β,4Z,6β,8α)‐8‐(acetyloxy)‐1,10‐dihydroxy‐6,11‐cyclogermacr‐4‐en‐15‐al=rel‐(1R,2Z,6S,7R,9R,10S)‐9‐(acetyloxy)‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐7,11,11‐trimethylbicyclo[8.1.0]undec‐2‐ene‐3‐carboxaldehyde; 1 ) and valerianin C (=(2α,3α,6α,8α)‐3‐(acetyloxy)‐2,4,8‐trihydroxyguai‐1(10)‐ene‐12,6‐lactone=rel‐(3R,3aS,4R,7S,8S,9R,9aR,9bR)‐8‐(acetyloxy)‐3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a,9b‐ octahydro‐4,7,9‐trihydroxy‐3,6,9‐trimethylazuleno[4,5‐b]furan‐2(3H)‐one; 2 ), together with six known compounds, i.e., camphor, methyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, 2‐methoxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol. The structures of the compounds were established by detailed spectral analysis and comparison with previously reported data.     

Mass spectrometric profiling of valepotriates possessing various acyloxy groups from Valeriana jatamansi

Valepotriates, plant secondary metabolites of the family Valerianaceae, contain various acyloxy group linkages to the valepotriate nucleus and exhibit significant biological activities. Identification of valepotriates is important to uncover potential lead compounds for the development of new sedative and antitumor drugs. However, making their structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is too difficult to be realized because of the overlapped carbonyl carbon signals of acyloxy groups substituted at different positions. Thus, the mass spectrometric profiling of these compounds in positive ion mode was developed to unveil the exact linkage of acyloxy group and the core of valepotriate. In this study, electrospray ionization tandem multistage mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MSⁿ) in ion trap and collision‐induced dissociation tandem MS were used to investigate the fragmentation pathways of four types of valepotriates in Valeriana jatamansi, including 5‐hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydrovaltrate hydrin (5‐hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydrovaltrate chlorohydrin), 5,6‐dihydrovaltrate hydrin (5,6‐dihydrovaltrate chlorohydrin), 5‐hydroxy‐5,6‐dihydrovaltrate and valtrate hydrin (valtrate chlorohydrin). The high‐resolution mass spectrum (HRMS) data of all the investigated valepotriates from quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS/MS were used as a supportive of the fragmentation rules we hypothesized from ion‐trap stepwise MSⁿ. As a result, the loss sequence of acyloxy groups and the abundance of key product ions, in combination with the characteristic product ions corresponding to the valepotriate nucleus, could readily differentiate the four different types of valepotriates. The summarized fragmentation rules were also successfully exploited for the structural characterization of three new trace valepotriates from V. jatamansi. The results indicated that the developed analytical method could be employed as a rapid, effective technique for structural characterization of valepotriates, especially for the trace compounds that could not be identified by NMR techniques. This study may also arouse interest for further structural analysis of other valepotriate‐containing type herbal medicines. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.