在线超声检测系统中螺旋线圈换能器的应用

针对在线车轮超声检测系统的工程应用,研究了圆形螺旋线圈电磁超声换能器由洛伦兹力换能机制在钢中产生的辐射声场.给出了涡流、等效表面力源和辐射声场的计算方法,分析了圆形螺旋线圈换能器在钢试块上的辐射指向性.结果表明,辐射的圆周径向偏振横波为两边瓣中空指向性,对理解圆形螺旋线圈换能器的辐射声场和在重载货车车轮轮辋在线辋裂缺陷...     

超声显微检测技术在电子封装中的应用与发展

超声显微检测技术应用于电子封装领域始于20世纪80年代,如今已是检测电子封装可靠性和完整性的重要手段,被广泛应用到了电子封装的缺陷检测和精密测量等方面.针对电子封装的超声显微检测存在回波重叠、信噪比低等问题,近年来,发展了许多时频分析方法,用于获得优于常规方法的纵向分辨率,即实现超分辨率.该文首先介绍了超声显微检测的发...     

Schlieren成像和声场可视化

Schlieren技术是利用声场引起透明媒质光折射率的变化而实现声场可视化的光学成像技术。它具有对声场无干扰、快速、瞬态成像的特点。本文利用二维光学Fourier变换分析了Schlieren技术的成像原理,在采用连续激光和高速ICCD的Schlieren成像系统中,实验研究了平面波声场和线聚焦声场中换能器光学校准方法和声压的定量检测技术。发展声场瞬态和动态成像技术,观测了声波的聚焦过程和固-液界面的声场分布和变化。这些结果表明Schlieren技术是一种有效的声场可视化和定量检测的光学成像技术。     

粘接质量超声检测研究

高波阻抗层下多层低波阻抗层间脱粘的超声检测问题是具有普遍意义又很难解决的检测问题，本文介绍了我们近年来在些方面的一些研究进展，首先从传播特性入手总结出几个有用的特征规律，并结合这些物理特征规律选取相应的信号处理手段，从方法上实现多层界面的脱粘检测，并作了多种技术集成，做出有实际应用价值的检测系统。     

Using talbot interferometry to see ultrasonic waves

Assembling a system which forms the optical image of an acoustic field can be a time consuming and exacting chore. Necessary labor involves component testing, optical beam collimation, plus optical and acoustic component alignment. We discuss here a Schlieren method which both simplifies the setting-up, and provides a new way of seeing the acoustic field. We term the method Talbot-Schlieren as it utilizes the Fourier-self-imaging or Talbot effect.     

利用激光多普勒测振仪的空气耦合超声声场测量

针对空气耦合超声信号微弱、难以直接测量的问题,进行了空气耦合超声声场测量的实验研究。使用激光多普勒测振仪测量由声波引起的激光路径上的介质折射率变化,进而得到空气和固体材料内部的时域瞬态声压。通过直接测量空耦换能器的辐射声功率,给出对单个空耦换能器灵敏度的直接评价方法。用空耦换能器激励K9玻璃板的漏兰姆波,观测到空气中的直达波和反射波、固体板内和空气中的漏兰姆波,实现了空气和固体中微弱声波的非侵入式实验测量,为空耦换能器的特性评估和空耦检测系统的声场测量提供了实验方法。     

A superdirective array of phase shift sources

A superdirective array of audio drivers is described, which is compact compared with the acoustic wavelength over some of its frequency range. In order to minimize the overall sound power output, and hence reduce the excitation of the reverberant field when used in an enclosed space, the individual drivers are made directional by using phase shift enclosures. The motivating application for the array is the enhancement of sound from a television, in a particular region of space, to aid hearing impaired listeners. The design is initially investigated, using free-field simulations, by comparing the performance of 8 monopoles, 8 phase shift loudspeakers, and a double array of 16 monopoles, with a contrast maximization formulation. The construction and testing of an array of 8 drivers is then discussed, together with its measured response in an anechoic environment. The result of using acoustic contrast maximization is then compared with a least squares formulation, which demonstrates that the performance of the least squares solution can be made similar to that given by acoustic contrast maximization in this application, with a suitable choice of the target field.     

Use of focused ultrasonic receivers for remote measurements in biological tissues

The feasibility of using a focusing ultrasonic transducer as a sound pressure receiver is discussed. It is shown theoretically that, at certain angular apertures of the receiver, its output signal is proportional to the sound pressure in the field point coincident with the receiver center of curvature. The receivers of this type have been demonstrated suitable for remote measurements of field spatial distribution of plane and focused ultrasonic radiators. Data are presented on the experimental testing of focused receivers in measuring acoustic fields in water, air, and certain samples of biological tissues. The instruments are sufficiently universal and allow the measurement not only of acoustic fields, but also of temperature increments in locally heated media, as well as permit one to follow the initiation and development of ultrasonic cavitation and study nonlinear effects. The remote sensing ability and high sensitivity of focused ultrasonic receivers allow their practical use in biomedical acoustics for noninvasive measurements.     

纳米填充硅橡胶超声干耦合特性*

针对工业超声无损检测领域干耦合材料种类匮乏,且声能透射率低的问题,论文在室温硫化硅橡胶基底材料中添加不同成份和配比的纳米颗粒,制备了不同种类的干耦合材料,给出了干耦合条件下超声波的传输模型,得到了声学传输规律,对比分析了干耦合材料种类、厚度、硬度、超声中心频率及载荷因素对声能传输特性的影响。搭建了声学特性测试实验平台,分别对添加氧化铝、铁和二氧化硅纳米颗粒制备的干耦合材料进行了测定,试验结果表明填充二氧化硅质量分数为5%时,所形成的纳米填充硅橡胶的声阻抗提高了13.5%,使用200kPa预载荷对试块测量时回波幅值提高了18.0%,具有良好的声耦合性能。可为实际超声检测时干耦合材料的制备及应用提供参考。     

STUDY ON THE RADIATION ACOUSTIC FIELD OF RECTANGULAR RADIATORS IN FLEXURAL VIBRATION

In this paper, the radiation acoustic field of a rectangular radiator in flexural vibration is studied. The radiator is a rectangular thin plate in flexural vibration with simply supported boundary conditions. Based on the theory of Rayleigh integral, the acoustic pressure distribution of the radiator in its far field is obtained analytically and the near acoustic field of the radiator is also computed numerically. In the near field, the three-dimensional acoustic pressure distribution is obtained. In the far field, the two- and three-dimensional acoustic pressure distribution patterns are calculated. The dependence of the radiation acoustic pressure of the radiator on the vibrational order of the plate in flexural vibration is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the radiation acoustic pressure along the central axis of the radiator is always zero in the near and far acoustic fields, and the radiation near acoustic field and the far acoustic field are both directional. This is different from the acoustic field generated by an oscillating piston. On the other hand, when the vibrational order is increased, the acoustic pressure distribution of the radiator becomes complex.     

基于二阶矢量位的矩形截面回折线圈阻抗和脉冲磁场的解析建模与计算

本文基于二阶矢量位建立了回折线圈的阻抗和磁场计算的解析模型,并提出了计算磁场脉冲响应的方法.根据回折线圈用于涡流检测和电磁超声检测时的通用模型,将回折线圈的阻抗和磁场计算问题转化为多个单匝矩形线圈阻抗和磁场的叠加问题.基于二阶矢量位和时谐电磁场方程,推导了回折线圈的频域标势表达式;利用标势与矢量磁位和磁通密度间的关系,推导了计算区域的磁通密度和式样表面涡流的频域解析计算公式;通过计算线圈的感应电势和阻抗变化表达式,得到了线圈阻抗的频域解析表达式;采用FFT-IFFT方法计算了脉冲磁场的时域响应.以一双层双 关键词： 无损检测 回折线圈 二阶矢量位 解析建模     

基于黄金分割搜索算法的行波管测量方法

为了提供声学材料的测试环境,该文通过有源吸声技术在行波管中建立了一套测量系统,声管中实现了模拟无限水域的行波场环境,从而对样品的声学参数进行测量。提出了一种利用黄金分割搜索算法对最佳时延与幅值进行搜索从而完成行波场建立的方法。在上述行波场建立的基础上,利用双水听器法分别对水柱与钢板样品的声学参数进行了声学测量,透射系数测量值与理论值符合较好。该方法为声学参数的测量方法提供了有意义的参考。     

声诱导电磁场的赫兹矢量表示与多极声电测井模拟

在假设声场不受电磁场影响的前提下，将Pride声电耦合方程组化为具有电流源的麦克斯韦方程组.与空间位置固定的电流源产生的电磁场不同，孔隙地层中声波诱导的电磁场是由空间波动的电流源产生的.通过引入赫兹矢量，将求解麦克斯韦方程组问题转化为求解关于赫兹矢量的非齐次矢量赫姆霍兹方程组.通过求解该方程组，得出电磁场表达式.利用此方法，针对声电效应测井，分别计算了由单极声源、偶极声源、四极声源激发的井内声场及其诱导电磁场的全波波形. 关键词： 孔隙介质 诱导电磁场 测井 多极声源     

Study of acoustic field modulation in the regenerator by double loudspeakers method

A model to modulate acoustic field in a regenerator of a thermoacoustic system by the double loudspeakers method is presented in this paper. The equations are derived for acoustic field modulation. They represent the relations among acoustic field (complex pressure p(0), complex velocity u(0), and acoustic impedance Z(0)), driving parameters of loudspeakers (voltage amplitude and its phase difference), and operating parameters involved in a matrix H (frequency, temperature of regenerator). The range of acoustic field is adjustable and limited by the maximal driving voltages of loudspeakers according to driving parameters. The range is simulated and analyzed in the amplitude-phase and complex coordinate planes for a given or variable H. The simulated results indicate that the range has its intrinsic characteristics. The expected acoustic field in a regenerator can be obtained feasibly by the modulation.     

跑道线圈换能器在铁路重载货车探伤中的应用*

针对在线车轮超声探伤系统的工程应用,研究了跑道线圈电磁超声换能器由洛伦兹力换能机制在钢中产生的辐射声场。根据外磁场和线圈配置,将表面力源近似为非均匀的水平剪切力源,数值计算得到了此力源的辐射声场指向性图,并与实验结果进行比对,结果表明辐射的水平偏振横波具有中间强两侧弱的指向性,对理解跑道形电磁线圈超声换能器的辐射声场和在重载货车车轮辋裂缺陷探伤中的工程应用具有一定的指导意义。     

HELS法在循环平稳声场全息重建中的理论与实验研究

Helmholtz 方程最小二乘法利用一组球面波基函数拟合声源产生的声场,根据重建和实际声压的误差最小原则,利用最小二乘法确定基函数展开的项数以及对应的权重系数,该方法具有计算效率高和需要测点少的优点,在实际工程中有很大的实用性.Helmholtz 方程最小二乘法和其他近场声全息方法一样都是针对平稳声场,对非平稳声场的分析很少.对于实际工程中经常遇到的一类特殊非平稳声场——循环平稳声场,现有的技术多以单通道信号分析为主,其高阶统计量在故障诊断领域应用较广.分析了循环平稳声场中Helmholtz方程最小二乘 关键词： 声全息 循环平稳 Helmholtz 方程 球面波     

Generation and detection of nano ultrasound waves with a multiple strained layer structure

In this paper a multiple strained layer structure with multiple quantum wells as a piezoelectric transducer is proposed for generating and detecting nano ultrasound waves with nanometer wavelength and tera hertz frequency. By inducing femtosecond optical pulses at this strained structure, internal piezoelectric field is changed. As a result longitudinal acoustic phonon oscillations can be treated as nano acoustic waves. It could be noticed in simulated cases that detection of nano ultrasound waves can be used in non destructive testing and high accuracy measurements with this structure. It is also shown that the MQW structure design how influences in generated nano acoustic waves.     

Near- to far-field characterization of a parametric loudspeaker and its application in non-destructive detection of detachments in panel paintings

The particular properties of the parametric loudspeaker make this class of sources an attractive investigation tool especially for non-destructive testing (NDT). Recently actual applications mainly in the field of material’s acoustical characterization are emerging. The authors present the analysis of the pressure field generated by a commercial parametric loudspeaker both in the near- and far-field, aiming at the understanding of the modality of its employment as excitation source in a measuring system. Successively the parametric source was integrated in a system purposely developed for acoustic diagnostics on objects of heritage interest. It was used in an in situ investigation on the renaissance panel painting Annunciazione by the Italian artist Benozzo Gozzoli (XV century) revealing pictorial film detachments. Preliminary results are here presented, disclosing the potential of the parametric loudspeaker for the enhancement of the spatial resolution in the acoustic measurement, of the non invasiveness of the investigation tool, and also of the operator comfort.     

A transient testing technique for the determination of matrix parameters of acoustic systems,I: Theory and principles

A transient testing technique has been developed for rapid testing of components in acoustic systems. Fourier transforms of transient pressure data are utilized to provide system characteristics in the frequency domain. The approach is applicable to field testing situations where short duration testing with a minimum of portable instrumentation is desirable and no special apparatus such as anechoic terminations are available. Derivations of matrix parameters expressed in terms of the transforms of pairs of pressure data are presented for a variety of testing conditions and system types. Analytical expressions for theoretical matrix parameters for selected known systems are also included for comparison with experimental results.     

Discussion on the sensitivity of optical cables based on distributed acoustic sensing

Optical Review - Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology plays an increasingly important role in the field of underwater acoustic detection because of its own advantages. To measure acoustic...