突破绝对时空观 人类认识深入到高速与字观世界（上）——科学发展的人文历程漫话之十三

考察了突破绝对时空观,人类认识深入到高速世界,建立狭义相对论的曲折过程及思想观念的艰难转变,包括牛顿的绝对时空观及其缺陷、狭义相对论建立前的重重迷雾、爱因斯坦创建狭义相对论的思路以及狭义相对论的最终被确认．     

物理与三次技术革命

科学突飞猛进，新技术层出不穷．物理学作为20世纪的领头学科，由经典走向现代，由宏观到微观，已步人一个崭新的发展阶段．20世纪物理学上的两大重要成果是狭义相对论（爱因斯坦）和量子力学（普朗克），诺贝尔奖得主李政道教授说：“如果没有狭义相对论和量子力学的诞生，就不会有后来的原子结构、分子物理、核能、激光、     

狭义相对论中动尺收缩效应之认识

1905年,爱因斯坦创立了狭义相对论,从而把牛顿力学中对宏观低速物体的研究推广到高速运动的物体,得到了一套崭新的时空观.动尺收缩是狭义相对论时空观的经典效应,狭义相对论时空观的基础是同时的相对性.因此同时的相对性与动尺收缩效应存在必然的联系.     

物理与纳电子科学

科学突飞猛进,新技术层出不穷．物理学作为20世纪的领头学科,由经典走向现代,由宏观到微观,已步人一个崭新的发展阶段．20世纪物理学上的两大重要成果是狭义相对论（爱因斯坦）和量子力学（普朗克）,诺贝尔奖得主李政道教授说：“如果没有狭义相对论和量子力学的诞生,就不会有后来的原子结构、分子物理、核能、激光、     

漫谈两个基本假设与相对论时空观

 爱因斯坦是人类历史上最具创造才智的科学家,他一生开创了物理学的四个领域---狭义相对论、广义相对论、宇宙学和统一场论,他是量子理论的主要创建者之一,有人说爱因斯坦应该拿6个诺贝尔奖,足见他对物理学和对社会的贡献。一、爱因斯坦创立狭义相对论经历了三个阶段爱因斯坦16岁时就提出“追光”假想实验,这是萌发狭义相对论思想的第一个阶段;爱因斯坦对光、麦克斯韦方程、电磁波、以太、地球运动等问题的深入思考,最初起源于消除电磁学理论中的不统一性,可以看作他思想发展的第二阶段;重审、放弃传统的时间观念,在同时性问题上的突破,可看作第三个阶段。     

爱因斯坦与物理规律的协变性

爱因斯坦是２０世纪最伟大的物理学家,他毕生从事理论物理学的研究工作,在物理学的六个领域──狭义相对论、广义相对论、分子运动论、量子论、科学宇宙学和统一场论中都作出了巨大贡献．爱因斯坦不仅是一位伟大的科学家,也是一位富有哲学探索精神的杰出的思想家,从协变性思想出发,建立相对论的过程正是爱因斯坦科学思想的一个体现．本文试图阐明爱因斯坦在建立狭义相对论和广义相对论的过程中,协变性思想起的重要作用,介绍近几十年来,协变性思想对理论物理学发展的推动作用． 一、狭义相对论与洛仑兹协变性 顾名思义,“协变”一词…     

广义相对论创立的背景及其思路分析

广义相对论创立的背景及其思路分析姚建宁（南通纺织工业学校２２６００７）狭义相对论的建立是经典物理学向现代物理学发展中的一次伟大变革，然而在１９０７年前后，爱因斯坦逐渐发现狭义相对论理论上的局限性，为了克服这些局限性，爱因斯坦考虑推广狭义相对论，使之成...     

爱因斯坦与狭义相对论的诞生

介绍了爱因斯坦建立狭义相对论的伟大贡献.狭义相对论与经典物理学的分水岭是"光速在真空中恒定"的假设.爱因斯坦首先提出"光速不变原理",首先指出"同时的相对性",并且首先放弃了以太概念.爱因斯坦是狭义相对论的唯一创建者.     

“2005-世界物理年”简介

1905年，爱因斯坦先后发表了5篇具有划时代意义的论文，为相对论、量子论等物理学领域奠定了基础，为纪念这一奇迹年100周年，全球物理学界一致呼吁2005年为“世界物理年”．     

谈狭义相对论创立的必然性

谈狭义相对论创立的必然性姚建宁（江苏南通纺织工业学校２２６００７）阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（ＡｌｂｅｒｔＥｉｎｓｔｅｉｎ）是二十世纪伟大的物理学家，１９０５年发表了物理学史上具有划时代意义的论文《论动体的电动力学》，文中提出了著名的狭义相对论原理．人们不禁...     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...