高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法测定复方丹参片中12种成分及掺伪鉴别

采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法测定复方丹参片中12种成分并判定是否掺有三七茎叶. 流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸水溶液（梯度洗脱）,通过变换波长结合紫外光谱扫描定性的方式对丹参素钠、原儿茶酸、原儿茶醛、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B、三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Rb₃、丹参酮I、丹参酮II_A进行分析. 12种成分的线性关系良好（r≥0.999 2）,精密度（RSD<2.0%）、稳定性（RSD<2.0%）、回收率（96.1%~99.8%）均符合方法学要求,可用于复方丹参片的质量控制.     

流速/溶剂双梯度反相高效液相色谱法快速同时测定复方丹参片中7种有效成分

采用整体柱建立了流速/溶剂双梯度反相高效液相色谱法快速同时测定复方丹参片中三七皂苷R1,人参皂苷Rg1,Re,Rb1,Rd,Rb2及丹参酮ⅡA 7种有效成分。通过对溶剂和流速双梯度体系的逐步优化,并应用色谱模拟软件Dry Lab,得到分离7种成分的最佳色谱条件。采用色谱柱Merck Chromolith Performance RP-18e(100 mm×4.6 mm),以乙腈-水为流动相体系,流速/溶剂双梯度洗脱,柱温30℃;片剂中的7种成分在21 min内达到基线分离;Rg1在60.60~242.40 mg/L(r=0.999 0)、丹参酮ⅡA在16.52~66.08 mg/L(r=0.999 9),其余皂苷在30.70~142.66 mg/L(r≥0.999 4)范围内具有良好的线性关系;定量下限(S/N=10)为21~124μg/kg,回收率为96.7%~100.1%。该方法能在短时间内同时分离不同极性的化合物,提高被测物的柱效,减少半峰宽和拖尾,可应用于复方丹参片中7种成分的含量分析。     

丹参制剂中隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA的反相高效液相色谱法测定

建立了同时测定丹参制剂中隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA的反相高效液相色谱法。采用Phenomemex C1 8色谱柱(250×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(体积比80∶20),流速1.0mL/min,检测波长270nm,柱温为35℃。隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA均在0.10～10.0μg/mL范围内其峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9986和0.9991,检出限分别为25ng/mL和20ng/mL,平均加标回收率分别为97.6%和98.7%。该方法简便、快速、准确,适合用于丹参中药制剂的质量控制。     

反向迁移毛细管胶束电动色谱分离测定复方丹参片中5种皂苷的含量

采用反相迁移毛细管胶束电动色谱方法分离测定了复方丹参片中人参皂苷Rd、Rb1、Rg1、Re和三七皂苷R1等5种皂苷的含量。考察了SDS、有机改性剂和磷酸浓度、样品溶剂及进样时间对样品分离和检测灵敏度的影响。最佳缓冲溶液组成为:10mmol/L磷酸-140mmol/LSDS-14%(V/V)乙腈-15%(V/V)异丙醇(pH=2.4),样品溶剂为20%甲醇-10mmol/LSDS,压力进样时间为12s。在最佳条件下,5种组分在27min内达到高效分离(柱效为1.1~1.6×106N/m),在一个数量级浓度范围内线性相关系数为0.9975~0.9993,日内和日间精密度分别小于4.8%和5.5%,回收率为96.5%~103.6%。该方法用于复方丹参片中皂苷类成分含量的测定,简单、快速、灵敏、准确。     

RP-HPLC法测定复方丹参片中的隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA

建立了反相高效液相色谱法测定复方丹参片(丹参、三七、冰片)中的隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA。采用DiamonsilTMC18(250×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以V(甲醇)∶V(水)=75∶25为流动相,流速为0.8 mL/min,检测波长270nm。隐丹参酮、丹参酮Ⅰ和丹参酮ⅡA分别在1.456~10.19μg/mL、2.160~15.12μg/mL和3.152~22.06μg/mL的范围内呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为99.21%(RSD=0.63%)、100.3%(RSD=1.0%)、99.87%(RSD=0.63%)。可用于复方丹参片的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定丹参提取物中4种成分的含量

建立反相高效液相色谱法同时测定丹参醇提物和超临界提取物中原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B、隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA含量的方法.采用RP-HPLC梯度洗脱的方法进行测定,色谱条件为:Agilent C18柱(5 μm,4.6×250 mm);以1%醋酸乙腈-1%醋酸水为流动相进行梯度洗脱;检测波长:0～25 min (280 nm),25～60 min (270 nm);流速0.5 mL/min;柱温:35 ℃.测定了丹参醇提取及超临界提取物中以上4种成分的含量;4种成分线性关系均良好(r>0.9995),平均加样回收率均大于95.0%,RSD均小于3.0%.该方法一次进样,可以同时测定丹参中水溶性成分原儿茶醛和丹酚酸B、脂溶性成分隐丹参酮和丹参酮ⅡA的含量.     

胶束毛细管电泳法同时测定消栓通络片中5种有效成分

建立了胶束毛细管电泳法同时测定中药复方制剂消栓通络片中芦丁、丹参素、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1含量的分析方法。研究了缓冲体系的浓度、添加剂种类、分离电压、进样时间对组分分离的影响,以60 mmol/L SDS-30 mmol/L Tris-10 mmol/L硼酸(含15%甲醇)作运行缓冲液,检测波长214 nm,5种组分在26 min内得到基线分离。芦丁、丹参素、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rg1、三七皂苷R1的质量浓度分别在2.5～100、2.5～200、10～300、15～400、15～400 mg/L范围内与其峰面积呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为0.3、0.9、3.0、5.0、6.0 mg/L。样品在低、中、高3个浓度下的加标回收率为93%～108%,相对标准偏差均不大于4.5%。该方法简便、快速,可用于实际样品检测。     

超高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法同时测定重楼消瘤方中5种皂苷类成分含量

建立了同时测定抗肿瘤中药复方——重楼消瘤方中重楼皂苷Ⅰ、重楼皂苷Ⅱ、重楼皂苷Ⅶ、柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d 5种皂苷类成分含量的超高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测(UPLC-ELSD)法。复方制剂经甲醇提取,采用Waters Cortecs UPLC C₁₈(150 mm×2.1 mm,1.6μm)色谱柱分离,乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,蒸发光散射检测器进行检测,以外标法定量。结果显示,5种皂苷类成分的分离度良好,分别在7.1174～177.94μg/mL、 9.4072～235.18μg/mL、 8.8726～221.82μg/mL、 7.4862～187.15μg/mL、9.761 3～244.03μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.999 2～0.999 8,检出限为0.7～1.0μg/mL,定量下限为1.8～2.4μg/mL;平均回收率分别为93.9%、103%、102%、104%、105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.8%、4.0%、4.2%、3.6%、3.2%。该方法简便、快速、准确,可同时对重楼消瘤方中的5个皂苷类成分进行分析,能有效地消...     

高效液相色谱法快速测定参芪降糖胶囊中人参皂苷的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法快速测定参芪降糖胶囊中人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rd含量的方法.采用3.5μm Coreshell C18核壳型分离填料(3.0 mm×150 mm)为色谱柱,分别以纯乙腈、纯水为流动相进行梯度淋洗,流量为0.43 mL/min,柱箱温度为25℃,检测波长为203 nm.人参皂苷Rg1、...     

固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱快速分离检测益气养血口服液中人参皂苷的新方法

以无机多孔材料作为固相萃取吸附剂,结合高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-QqQ/MS)建立了一种快速分离检测中药复方益气养血口服液中人参皂苷的新方法。考察了SAPO-34、SAPO-11、ZSM-5、Y型分子筛、SBA-15、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs) 6种无机多孔材料对4种主要人参皂苷Re、Rg1、Rb1、Ro的吸附活性。在优化条件下,MWCNTs的分离效果最好,可在2 min内分别达到吸附和脱附平衡,吸附率和脱附回收率分别达98.6%和96.8%以上。方法的检出限为0.01～0.05μg/mL,平均回收率为90.5%～99.7%,相对标准偏差为2.2%～4.9%。益气养血口服液中4种人参皂苷含量的分析结果显示,建立的方法对口服液中除皂苷外的其他成分吸附作用不明显,可以有效降低基质干扰并准确分析微量的人参皂苷。该方法在快速检测人参皂苷方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。