单扫描示波极谱法连测铅锌

铅和锌极谱测定方法很多 ,有在碱性介质中测定 ,也有在强酸性介质中测定。铅和锌连测有时也有报道[1,2 ] ,但测定范围局限于微量及半微量分析。本法特点是在同一份溶液中连测铅和锌 ,测定范围扩至常量 ,干扰少 ,重现性好。铅的回收率为 95%～1 0 0 % ,锌的回收率为 97%～ 99% ,适合于铜矿及铅锌矿中铅和锌的分析。1　试验部分1 .1　主要试剂与仪器铅 [3]和锌 [4 ]标准溶液 :均为 2 mg·ml-1抗坏血酸溶液 :1 0 0 g· L-1硫氰酸钾溶液 :50 g·L-1HOAc- Na OAc缓冲溶液 [5] :p H4.5明胶溶液 :2 .5g· L-1试剂均为分析纯JP3- 1型示波仪 ,三…     

Cu（Ⅱ）—CAS—CTMAB—邻菲罗啉显色反应的研究

络天青 S( CAS)光度法测定铜的报道较多[1,2 ] 。作者对显色体系进行了改进 ,引入溴化十六烷基三甲基铵 ( CTMAB)、邻菲罗啉 ,在 p H 8.5时 ,形成Cu2 + - CAS- CTMAB-邻菲罗啉四元显色体系 ,在波长 61 0 nm处测定 ,εmax=1 .3× 1 0 5。1　试验部分1 .1　主要仪器与试剂72 1型分光光度计 (上海第三分析仪器厂 )铜标准溶液、CAS溶液 :2 .0× 1 0 -4 mol·L-1CTMAB、邻菲罗啉溶液 :2 .0× 1 0 -4 mol· L-1硼砂 - HCl缓冲溶液 :p H 8.51 .2　试验方法准确移取铜标准溶液 1 ml于 50 ml容量瓶中 ,依次加入缓冲溶液 5ml、2 .0× 1 0…     

吸光光度法测定痕量锰

锰是人体及动物的必需元素[1 ] ,摄入超量会引起毒性 ,所以微量锰测定方法的探讨 ,在水质、食品等方面的测定中具有一定的实际意义[2 ,3] 。锰对于H2 O2 与邻氨基酚的氧化反应具有较好的催化作用。本文研究了在 p H 5.5的 HOAc- Na OAc介质中 ,以邻氨基酚氯仿为萃取剂 ,通过固定萃取时间 ,控制反应进行的程度 ,确定了最佳条件。用于水、食品及人发中痕量锰的测定 ,结果满意。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂GBC- UV( VIS) 91 6型紫外 -可见分光光度计Mn( )标准溶液 :用 Mn SO4· H2 O配制成1 .0 0 g·L- 1 储备液。过氧化氢溶液 :3…     

结晶紫-磷钼杂多酸离子缔合物吸光光度法测定人发中微量磷

文献 [1 ]报道在聚乙烯醇存在下 ,结晶紫 -磷钼杂多酸离子缔合物吸光光度测定磷的方法 ,但该法灵敏度不高 ,且砷和硅有干扰。本法在此法基础上向体系中加入混合还原剂 ,从而消除 As( )的干扰并使过剩的结晶紫褪色 ,体系显色时间缩短 ,稳定时间延长。本法还采用较低的钼酸铵浓度 ,抑制了硅的干扰 ,提高了灵敏度 ,改善了选择性。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂72 1型分光光度计 (上海第三分析仪器厂 )磷标准溶液 :5μg·ml- 1 ,用 Na2 HPO4· 1 2 H2 O配制。钼酸铵溶液 :2 .5× 1 0 - 2 mol·L- 1硫酸溶液 :1 mol·L- 1聚乙烯醇溶液 :2 0 g…     

示波极谱法测定锌锭中的微量锡

微量锡的测定文献 [1～ 5 ]已有报道 ,多采用比色法、ＩＣＰ ＡＥＳ法和ＡＡＳ法 ,有些分析步骤冗长、工作量大 ,有些需要昂贵的仪器设备。本文将样品简单处理后 ,用示波极谱法 ,在氯化钠底液中直接测定锌锭中微量锡。1　试验部分1 1　主要仪器与试剂ＪＰ 2型示波极谱仪 ;饱和甘汞电极 ,铂电极 ,滴汞电极的三电极系统 (成都仪器厂 ) ;锡标准溶液 :1 0ｍｇ·ｍＬ- 1 用光谱纯金属锡按常规法配制而成 ;锡标准工作溶液 :1 0 0 μｇ·ｍＬ- 1 ,使用时用水逐级稀释而成 ;ＮａＣｌ底液 :30 0ｇＮａＣｌ溶于 1 0 0 0ｍＬ水中 ,摇匀 ,备用 ;Ｂａ…     

AgDDC光度法测定砷的探讨

砷是环保、卫生防疫等部门的一个重要分析项目。目前 ,Ag DDC光度法测定砷用得比较普遍。1　试验部分1 .1　仪器与试剂72 2分光光度计 ;1 0 0 ml测砷装置氯化亚锡溶液 :40 0 g·L-1碘化钾溶液 :1 50 g· L-1吸收液及以上试剂按文献 [1 ]配制砷标准溶液 (国家一级标准物质 GBW0 861 1 ) :1 mg· ml-1;砷中间液 :1 0 .0μg· ml-1;砷工作液 :1 .0 0μg· ml-1。无砷锌粒甲 :1 0～ 2 0目无砷锌粒乙 :颗粒较大 ,约绿豆大小。1 .2　试验方法在砷化氢发生瓶中加入砷工作液 (或水样适量 ) ,加水至 50 ml。分别加入浓硫酸 4ml,碘化钾溶液 4ml和…     

火焰原子吸收光谱法间接测定食品中碘

微量碘的测定一般采用光度法。本文依据 [Ｃｄ(Ｐｈｅｎ) 3]2 + 与Ｉ- 可形成 [Ｃｄ(Ｐｈｅｎ) 3]2 + (Ｉ- ) 2 离子对的原理[1] ,用硝基苯萃取 ,通过测定有机相中镉的含量 ,间接测定碘。用于测定含碘食品 ,结果满意。1　试验部分1.1　主要仪器与试剂ＷＦＸ 1Ｂ型原子吸收分光光度计 (北京第二光学仪器厂 )ｐＨＳ Ⅰ型酸度计 (上海分析仪器厂 )涡流混合器 (上海第一医学院仪器厂 )碘标准储备液 :10ｍｇ·ｍｌ- 1,准确称取碘化钾(ＧＲ) 13.0 80 0ｇ ,用少量无碘水溶解后 ,定容于 1Ｌ容量瓶中。碘标准使用液为 1ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1。三邻菲罗啉镉溶液…     

茜素黄R-OP体系测定铁的研究

茜素黄 R是一种指示剂 ,已用于镁 [1]、钛 [2 ]和铁 [3]的分析 ,文献 [3]应用了阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB作增敏试剂。本文探讨了以非离子表面活性剂 OP作增敏试剂测定铁 ,结果表明 ,在 OP存在下 Fe3 与茜素黄 R在 p H8.2～ 9.5内形成组成比为 1∶ 3的配合物 ,铁量在 0～ 40 μg/2 5ml内服从比耳定律 ,在此基础上拟定了分析方法 ,用于磷矿样中铁的测定 ,结果与邻菲罗啉法一致。1　试验部分1 .1　主要仪器与试剂72 1型分光光度计 (上海第三分析仪器厂 )UV- 754型分光光度计 (上海第三分析仪器厂 )Fe( )标准溶液 :1 0 0μg· ml-1,称取分…     

新催化动力学光度法测定微量铁的研究--棓花青-O2指示反应体系

在 p H 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲体系中 ,微量铁 ( )能显著催化溶解氧氧化木立口 花青褪色。研究了该指示反应的催化动力学行为 ,建立了测定微量铁的新催化动力学分析法 ,方法线性测定范围 0 .0 5～ 0 .6μg· m L- 1 ,检出限为 0 .0 1 μg· m L- 1 。本法选择性和重现性好 ,反应体系简单易于控制。用其测定了自来水、人发及面粉等样品中的铁 ,结果满意。     

铅(Ⅱ)-DBONBF-CTMAB吸光光度法测定铅

邻硝基苯基荧光酮属于三羟基荧光酮显色剂,已用于多种元素的光度分析[1]。本文对其衍生物4,5 二溴邻硝基苯基荧光酮(DBONBF)与铅(Ⅱ)的反应进行了研究。试验表明,该反应的灵敏度较高(ε可达1.6×105L·mol-1·cm-1),体系的选择性与稳定性较好,可用于工业废水中铅的测定。1　试验部分1.1　试剂与仪器铅标准溶液:1.0g·L-1,10μg·ml-1DBONBF乙醇溶液(AR级):0.4g·L-1CTMAB溶液:2g·L-1NH3 NH4Cl缓冲溶液:pH9.6721型分光光度计(上海第三分析仪器厂)1.2　试验方法于25ml容量瓶中加入含10μg铅的标准溶液,再依次加入DBONBF乙…     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。