一种新的人血浆中含硒蛋白测定方法

提出一个综合聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳分离和２,３－二氨基萘柱前衍生正相液体色谱测定硒的方法（ＤＡＮ－ＨＰＬＣ－ＦＬＤ）,分离测定了高硒地区人血浆中的含硒蛋白。在所鉴定的５种含硒蛋白中,其中至少有３种是从未明确鉴定过的含硒蛋白。     

κ-卡拉胶寡糖的反相离子对-超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱研究

建立反相离子对-超高效液相色谱(RPIP-UPLC)和电喷雾离子源-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(ESI-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术快速分离鉴定硫酸寡糖的方法.以20 mmol/L庚胺(pH 4)为离子对试剂,25%庚胺甲酸盐纯水溶液(A)和25%庚胺甲酸盐甲醇溶液(B)为梯度洗脱溶剂,κ-卡拉胶寡糖通过BEH C18反相柱分离后,分别在正、负离子模式下进行四极杆-飞行时间质谱分析.结果表明,聚合度为3～45的κ-卡拉胶寡糖在BEH C18柱上得到很好的分离,从每一个色谱峰对应的质谱图中可以准确获得直至27糖的各寡糖结构信息,均为奇数糖,与聚丙烯凝胶电泳结果吻合.所得的寡糖断裂规律对卡拉胶寡糖的快速鉴定和结构解析具有重要意义.     

A platform method for plasmid isoforms analysis by capillary gel electrophoresis

In the production of novel biological products, plasmids are often engineered into delivery vectors for target genes, which can be used directly as vaccines or as intermediate products for gene/cell therapy. Plasmid DNA exists in several topological forms such as supercoiled, linear, and open circular. As supercoiled plasmid shows the highest efficiency in transfecting eukaryotic cells, the content of supercoiled plasmids becomes an important indicator of plasmid quality. CGE is an effective analysis method for separating different topological structures of plasmids. For the purpose of providing plasmid manufacturers and regulatory agencies with an efficient and readily used tool for monitoring the quality of plasmids, this article identifies the optimal separation and detection conditions of CGE, presents a platform-based plasmid analytical method, and uses plasmid of different sizes to verify the feasibility of this method. In terms of detector, the LIF detector has obvious advantages over the ultraviolet detector in sensitivity and resolution. Using the optimal CE condition (10× gel buffer), baseline separation of different topological forms and impurities can be achieved for different plasmid sizes (5.9, 7.8, 15.4 kb). In addition, 6.5 kb plasmid was used to compare the different separation technologies such as CGE-LIF, ion exchange chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis. The result shows that CGE-LIF can provide better resolution and quantitation accuracy than ion exchange chromatography and agarose gel electrophoresis. CGE-LIF, as a quick and convenient method to separate and quantify plasmids, has the advantages of high sensitivity, high resolution, and high quantitative accuracy. Therefore, it is ideal for analysis of plasmids with different sizes, and it can also be used as a platform method for manufacturers and regulatory agencies to monitor the purity and stability of plasmids.     

Development of a novel two-dimensional gel electrophoresis protocol with agarose native gel electrophoresis

A new protocol for conducting two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis was developed by combining the recently developed agarose native gel electrophoresis with either vertical sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or flat SDS agarose gel electrophoresis. Our innovative technique utilizes His/MES buffer (pH 6.1) during the first-dimensional (1D) agarose native gel electrophoresis, which allows for the simultaneous and clear visualization of basic and acidic proteins in their native states or complex structures. Our agarose gel electrophoresis is a true native electrophoresis, unlike blue native–PAGE, which relies on the intrinsic charged states of the proteins and their complexes without the need for dye binding. In the 2D, the gel strip from the 1D agarose gel electrophoresis is soaked in SDS and placed on top of the vertical SDS–PAGE gels or the edge of the flat SDS–MetaPhor high-resolution agarose gels. This allows for customized operation using a single electrophoresis device at a low cost. This technique has been successfully applied to analyze various proteins, including five model proteins (BSA, factor Xa, ovotransferrin, IgG, and lysozyme), monoclonal antibodies with slightly different isoelectric points, polyclonal antibodies, and antigen–antibody complexes, as well as complex proteins such as IgM pentamer and β-galactosidase tetramer. Our protocol can be completed within a day, taking approximately 5–6 h, and can be expanded further into Western blot analysis, mass spectrometry analysis, and other analytical methods.     

Simple Hexagonal-Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis System

Abstract

A diode array was used to isolate point electrodes in a hexagonal-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis system. The electric circuit around the electrophoresis chamber was simplified by modification. The reasonably straightmigration and good resolution of large DNA molecules were observed by the system.

Several types of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis system have been developed to get straight DNA migration^1-5. We have adopted diodes to isolate     

从猪血中分离纯化高纯度的猪血红蛋白

为了从猪血中分离纯化高纯度的猪血红蛋白,建立了通过超滤、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换色谱和Sephadex G-75凝胶 排阻色谱三步法制备高纯度猪血红蛋白的方法,并通过十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)、高效凝胶排阻色谱和反相高 效液相色谱方法,对纯化后的猪血红蛋白进行了鉴定。经三步分离纯化后,猪血红蛋白的纯度大于99%,含量为1.328 g/L。     

Subunit structure of glycinin and its molecular species based on RP-HPLC, gel electrophoresis and SEC studies

Glycinin and its molecular species (glycinin I and glycinin II) were separated and isolated. The number and kind of subunits of glycinin, glycinin I and glycinin II were determined. Studies were carried out under different experimental conditions using slab gel electrophoresis, size-exclusion chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Gel electrophoresis was done using both continuous and discontinuous system and under varying concentrations of resolving gel. In addition, the subunits were separated by reversed phase using gradient program. Glycinin and glycinin II were found to have 12 subunits each while glycinin I showed six subunits. Molecular weight and weight ratio in each case were also determined.     

Serial displacement chromatofocusing and its applications in multidimensional chromatography and gel electrophoresis: II. Experimental results

Part I of this study investigated the theory and basic characteristics of “serial displacement chromatofocusing” (SDC). In Part II of this study, SDC is applied to two prototype applications which have potential uses in proteomics and related areas involving the analysis of complex analyte mixtures. In the first application, SDC was used as a prefractionation method prior to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) to separate a human prostate cancer cell lysate. It was observed that the resolution achieved in narrow-pI-range 2D-PAGE was improved when using SDC prefractionation, so that SDC may be useful as a low-cost, high-speed, and highly scalable alternative to electrophoretic prefractionation methods for 2D-PAGE. The second application involves the use of SDC as the first dimension, and reversed-phase chromatography as the second dimension, to produce a novel, fully automated, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography technique. The method was shown to have performance advantages over one-dimensional reversed-phase chromatography for peptide separations.     

Nonaqueous and aqueous capillary electrophoresis of synthetic polymers

In this work, the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to analyze synthetic polymers is reviewed including works published till February 2004. The revised works have been classified depending on the CE mode (e.g., free solution capillary electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, etc.) and type of buffer (i.e., nonaqueous, aqueous and hydro-organic background electrolytes) employed to separate synthetic macromolecules. Advantages and drawbacks of these different separation procedures for polymer analysis are discussed. Also, physicochemical studies of complex polymer systems by CE are reviewed, including drug release studies, synthetic polyampholytes, dendrimers, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and associative copolymers.     

分泌蛋白质组研究进展

分泌蛋白质组是指组织、细胞等分泌的全部蛋白质。分泌蛋白主要分布于体液和细胞质胞浆中,参与许多重要的生命过程。分泌蛋白质组的研究主要涉及分泌蛋白的制备、多维色谱或二维凝胶电泳分离、质谱鉴定及生物信息学分析等。本文主要介绍了分泌蛋白的合成途径、蛋白质组技术在分泌蛋白组研究中的应用、分泌蛋白组研究现状及存在的问题等。     

"In-gel patch electrophoresis:" a new method for environmental DNA purification

Most of the microorganism species are largely untapped and could represent an interesting reservoir of genes useful for biotechnological applications. Unfortunately, a major difficulty associated with the methods used to isolate environmental DNA is related to the contamination of the extracted material with humic substances. These polyphenolic compounds inhibit the DNA processing reactions and severely impede cloning procedures. In this work, we describe a rapid, simple, and efficient method for the purification of genomic DNA from environmental samples: we added a chromatography step directly embedded into an agarose gel electrophoresis. This strategy enabled the DNA extraction from various environmental samples and it appeared that the purity grade was compatible with digestion by restriction enzymes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications.     

Direct and specific recognition of glycosaminoglycans by antibodies after their separation by agarose gel electrophoresis and blotting on cetylpyridinium chloride-treated nitrocellulose membranes

A method for the immunodetection of several natural complex polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) after their separation by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis, blotting and immobilizing on nitrocellulose membranes derivatized with the cationic detergent cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and direct and specific immunodetection by antibodies is described. This new approach is based on the principles that were used to develop the Western blot, and is applied to the separation of the glycosaminoglycans purified from normal human urine. After migration in agarose gel electrophoresis, chondroitin sulfate samples of different origin were blotted and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes treated with CPC. Immunodetection was performed using the anti-chondroitin-6-sulfate antibody that specifically recognizes intact chondroitin-6-sulfate. By calculating the ratio between the antibody staining (epitope) and alcian blue staining (mass), the epitope density expressed as a percentage, i.e., the number of repetitive epitopes per mass, was obtained. These values were in agreement with the quantitation of 6-sulfated groups of chondroitin sulfate performed by the evaluation of unsatured disaccharide-6-sulfate (DeltaDi6S) produced after treatment with chondroitinase ABC and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore, immunodetection of heparan sulfate was performed using the anti-heparan sulfate antibody.     

Quantitative predictions for DNA two-dimensional display according to size and nucleotide sequence composition

2-D DNA display is a simple separation method that provides a fast and economical way of visualizing polymorphism and comparing genomes. The DNA fragments are separated first according to their size by standard gel electrophoresis and then according to their sequence composition using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. First developed by Fischer and Lerman (Cell 1979, 16, 191-200), this method has recently been used to distinguish strains within a bacterial species. The genomic restriction fragments are displayed as spots on a 2-D surface. Although most of the relevant physical mechanisms are understood, this technique is mostly empirical and remains essentially qualitative. In view of optimizing this procedure, we combine our understanding of the different physical mechanisms at play to develop a complete numerical model to predict the relative coordinates of the spots as a function of the corresponding DNA sequence and of the experimental conditions. We experimentally validate our model by predicting the outcome of a 2-D display of the lambda phage genome. It thus becomes possible to optimize in silico the experimental parameters, to predict whether specific mutations as well as yet undescribed genetic polymorphisms can be resolved, and to assist in interpreting the experimental data.     

增强型绿色荧光蛋白的色谱分离和纯化

增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)是生物领域常用的标记物。在前期成功克隆表达EGFP的基础上,本实验建立了两步分离纯化EGFP的色谱方法,并验证其分离纯化效果,检验EGFP的活性。首先用金属螯合亲和色谱柱HisTrap HP对EGFP的重组菌体破碎上清液进行初步分离,再用葡聚糖凝胶排阻色谱柱Sephadex G-10 HR对其进行脱盐纯化。采用丙烯葡聚糖凝胶排阻色谱柱Sephacryl S-300 HR和十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)检测分离纯化后的EGFP纯度。最后通过荧光分光检测器和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(Native-PAGE)验证分离纯化后的EGFP是否具有荧光活性。结果表明该方法可以简便快速地分离纯化EGFP,纯度超过98%,同时保持了EGFP的荧光活性。     

毛细管凝胶电泳法测定硫代寡核苷酸药物癌泰得的含量

癌泰得为20碱基的抑制端粒酶催化亚基hTERT的硫代反义寡核苷酸,体内、体外抗肿瘤活性评价显示其有较好的抗肿瘤活性。采用固相合成仪分别制备了癌泰得及与其碱基百分组成基本相同的硫代寡核苷酸内标,并使用制备型阴离子交换色谱和反相高效液相色谱进行纯化。采用毛细管凝胶电泳仪和单链DNA分离试剂盒测定了癌泰得的含量。所用毛细管规格为内径100 μm,总长31 cm,有效长度20 cm;电动进样,进样电压-10 kV,进样时间1 s;分离电压-12.4 kV;柱体温度40 ℃;样品储存温度为30 ℃;缓冲溶液为pH     

质谱及相关技术在信号传导方面的研究进展

细胞信号传导是近年来生命科学研究的热点之一。有关蛋白转录后修饰 (如蛋白质磷酸化、乙酰化、糖基化等 ) ,信号肽序列测定 ,信号传导途径和多通道调节方式 ,蛋白自折叠及构象变化 ,小分子脂类信号分子等研究由于质谱技术的快速发展而取得了突破性的进展     

High—Speed Analyzing PCR Products of M.tuberculosis Genome Stained by Ethidium Bromide on Microchip Gel Electrophoresis

The technique of microchip gel electrophoresis(MCGE) was used to analyze the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of M.tuberculosis Genome stained by ethidium bromide,The electrophoretic Process was completed within 3-4 min and the results show that the technique of microchip electrophoresis is a high-speed and high-sensitivity analyzing method.     

Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography prefractionation prior to two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry identifies new differentially expressed proteins between striate cortex of kitten and adult cat

Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE), in combination with mass spectrometry, is a highly effective method for the rapid and reproducible detection of differentially expressed proteins. This approach, however, has the unfortunate drawback that it preferentially displays rather abundantly expressed proteins. Nevertheless, comparison of the protein expression levels of the striate cortex of adult cats and 30-day-old kittens, resulted in the identification of several proteins related to postnatal brain development and possibly age-dependent plasticity as well (Van den Bergh et al., J. Neurochem. 2003, in press). The goal of the present study was the selective enrichment and identification of less abundant proteins within the same paradigm. Hereto, we performed a reversed-phase chromatography prefractionation of our tissue lysate to separate the proteins in four fractions based on their hydrophobicity prior to 2-D DIGE analysis. This approach not only confirmed the differential expression levels of a number of proteins from the previous study, but also identified three additional proteins preferentially expressed in kitten visual cortex and five additional proteins with higher expression levels in adult cat visual cortex. These spots were not visible on the total tissue lysate protein maps, indicating that the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prefractionation enabled us to visualize additional, less abundant proteins.     

Determination of the Molecular Weight of Extracellular Ribonuclease Isoenzymes from Aspergillus Niger in Crude Extracts by Thin Layer Gel Filtration and Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

Abstract

The extracellular ribonucleases from Asperqillus niger culture medium were fractionated according to their molecular weight by thin layer gel filtration through Sephadex G100 superfine and the enzyme activity was detected by a standard staining technique on a replica print paper. Another replica paper was laid onto the top of a polyacrylamide gel and the absorbed proteins were separated by electrophoresis. By comparing the electrophoretic pattern with that of a control not subjected to gel filtration, the molecular weight of each isoenzyme in the crude extract could be determined. Gel electrophoresis however, is only used to establish the correspondence between the original electrophoretic pattern of the isoenzymes in the crude preparation and that detected on the replica print paper taken after the thin layer gel filtration run. There was good agreement between the values obtained for the crude and purified enzymes.     

Sodium dodecyl sulfate free gel electrophoresis/electroelution sorting for peptide fractionation

Shotgun proteomics based on peptide fractionation by using liquid chromatography has become the common procedure for proteomic studies, although in the very beginning of the field, protein separation by using electrophoresis was the main tool. Nonetheless, during the last two decades, the electrophoretic techniques for peptide mixtures fractionation have evolved as a result of relevant technological improvements. We also proposed the combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for protein fractionation and sodium dodecyl sulfate free polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for peptide separation as a novel procedure for proteomic studies. Here, we present an optimized device for sodium dodecyl sulfate free polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis improving peptide recoveries respect to the established electrophoretic technique off gel electrophoresis meanwhile conserving the excellent resolution described for the former technique in slab gel based systems. The device simultaneously allows the separation and the collection of fractionated peptides in solution.