An Accurate Equation for the Electrolytic Conductivity of Potassium Chloride Solutions

An empirical equation has been developed to model the electrolytic conductivity of potassium chloride (KCl) solutions over the temperature range 0 to 55 °C (ITS-90) and molality concentrations from 0 to 5 mol⋅kg⁻¹ (H₂O). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Demal values are treated as the defining data and selected historical data provided further data. Changes in the definition of the ohm, liter and temperature scales have been identified and the historical data were converted to modern units. The accuracy of the equation is estimated to be equal to 0.03% as suggested by NIST as the accuracy of these data.     

Conductivity behaviour of proton conducting polymer gel electrolytes with PVdF-HFP

Electrical conductivity of polymer gel electrolytes containing different hydroxy substituted benzoic acids and polyvinylidenefluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP) has been studied. The conductivity of solution and gel electrolytes shows ortho effect and has been found to depend upon the acidity constant of the acid used and varies as σ (ortho-) > σ (meta-) > σ (para-). The addition of PVdF-HFP to solution electrolytes results in an increase in conductivity and the conductivity of gel electrolytes has been found to be higher than that of the corresponding liquid electrolytes for all the three acids studied i.e. σ (gel) >σ (liquid). The increase in conductivity with polymer addition has also been found to depend upon the acid concentration.     

电导率和摩尔电导率与浓度关系的教学讨论

根据电导率和摩尔电导率的物理意义,通过简单计算,确定了参与导电的离子数目与电解质溶液浓度或电离度之间的关系,由此分析说明了电导率和摩尔电导率与电解质浓度的关系。方法简单清晰,便于学生领会理解。     

Conductivity and discharge characteristics of (PVC + NaClO4) polymer electrolyte systems

A sodium ion conducting polymer electrolyte based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) complexed with NaClO₄ was prepared using a solution-cast technique. Investigations were conducted using XRD, FTIR and SEM. Frequency dependent conductivity (σ_ac) values were obtained from complex impedance plots (Cole-Cole plots). Activation energy values were determined from the conductivity data are decreased with increasing ionic conductivity. The transference number measurement was performed to characterize the polymer electrolyte for battery applications. Transference number values show that the charge transport in this electrolyte is predominantly due to the ions (t_ion = 0.98). Using the electrolyte, cells with a configuration Na/(PVC + NaClO₄)/(I₂ + C + electrolyte) were fabricated and their discharge profiles studied.     

Mo掺杂对高纯Ce1-xNdxO2-x/2(x=0.10, 0.15)体系烧结温度及晶界电性能的影响

用柠檬酸硝酸盐法制备高纯Ce1-xNdxO2-x/2(x=0.10, 0.15)固溶体, 加入摩尔分数为5%的Mo, 研究了Mo掺杂对烧结温度、结构及电性能的影响. 通过X射线衍射、电感偶合等离子体和场发射扫描电镜等手段对氧化物进行了结构表征, 采用交流阻抗谱测试其电性能. 柠檬酸硝酸盐法制备的前驱体经1450 ℃烧结24 h得到致密度大于96%的陶瓷材料; 加入5%Mo, 在1250 ℃下烧结8 h即可达到理想的致密度(>95%). 加入Mo在烧结过程中可加快晶界迁移, 促进晶粒生长, 显著提高了晶界电导率. 在600 ℃时Ce0.85Nd0.15O1.925的晶界电导率为2.56 S/m, 加入Mo后材料的电导率增加到5.62 S/m.     

含锂沸石Li-FER提高PEO复合聚合物电解质电导率

通过离子交换方法使锂部分取代了镁碱沸石（FER）孔道壁上羟基中的氢，制得含锂沸石Li-FER. 将这种沸石作为无机填料加入到PEO/LiClO₄聚合物电解质中，可以使其室温电导率提高三个数量级以上. 电化学测量表明， 锂离子与PEO和含锂沸石中氧的相互作用提高了聚合物电解质中锂离子的迁移数. 另一方面， 采用XRD, DSC, PLM等方法研究了电解质的结晶状况.结果表明, Li-FER可以作为PEO链段结晶的成核剂，使PEO电解质的晶粒得到细化， 结晶度降低，为Li⁺的传输提供了更多的非晶区通道. 这是Li-FER的加入促使PEO聚合物电解质电导率提高的两个主要原因.     

Synthesis and Conductivity of a New Series of Organometallic Charge Transfer Salts

In order to study the relationship between structure and conductivity, ten new organometallic radical ionic salts. [CpFeBz]_n[M(mnt)₂] and [CpFeBz]_n[M(dmit)₂] (M=Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Co; Cp=Cydopentadienyl; Bz=Benzene; H₂mnt=maleonitriledithiole; H₂dmit=4,5-dimercapto-1, 3-dithioie-2-thione; n=1 or 2), were synthesized according to a new synthetic route. They were characterized using elemental analysis, infrared and ¹H-nuclenr magnetic reso-nance spectroscopy. The crystal structure of [CpFeBz]₂[Ni(mnt)₂] was determined using X-ray diffraction. The electrical conductivity of siolid stale was reported. Gomplexes of [CpFeBz]_n[M(mnt)₂] showed a low conductivity, while complexes of [CpKeBz]_n[M(dmit)₂] exhibited a rather high conductivity in the range of 10^-1-10^-2S·cm^-1.     

相态结构对聚氧化乙烯/丁二腈/高氯酸锂复合电解质室温电导率的影响

采用聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、丁二腈和高氯酸锂(LiClO4)的复合电解质体系, 制备了一系列不同配比的PEO/SN/LiClO4复合电解质, 对其室温电性能和相态结构进行了表征, 并探讨了相态结构对室温电导率的影响.     

现场热引发聚丙烯酸酯类电解质的性能及应用

应用热引发现场聚合方法制备聚丙烯酸酯类电解质,并考察其电化学性能.实验表明:该聚合物电解质具有 4. 5V的电化学稳定窗口,较高的室温电导率及良好的低温性能.当前驱体电解液中液态电解质含量为 85%时,其室温电导率为 3. 2×10-3S·cm-1, -30℃下的电导率达到 5. 6×10-4 S·cm-1.采用现场聚合技术制备的聚合物电池,其电化学性能与液态锂离子电池基本一致,首次充放电效率为 92. 1%, 1. 0C率放电容量为 0. 2C率的 95%, -20℃下的放电容量为室温容量的 72%,以 0. 5C率循环 300周后,仍保持初始容量的 85%以上.     

Dependences on the Composition and a Comparison of Electrolytic Properties of Some Germanium-Containing Quasi-binary Salt Systems

Germanium-containing quasi-binary salt systems GeSe-GeI₂ and NaI-GeI₂ (GeI₂ is a dopant) are studied by methods of electroconductance and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRDA). The conductivity isotherms combined with the XRDA data show that the domain of restricted solid solutions in these systems comes to 3 and 1 mol % GeI₂, respectively. The maximal electrolytic admittance is observed at 2 and 0.25 mol % GeI₂ in GeSe-GeI₂ and NaI-GeI₂ systems. The GeSe system has better ceramic properties, is less susceptible to water traces, and has higher conductivity and lower activation energy for conduction.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2005, pp. 616–619.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Leushina, Danilov, Zlomanov.     

新型固体电解质Ce5.2RE0.8MoO15-δ 的合成及电性质

采用溶胶-凝胶方法合成了系列新型氧化物Ce5.2RE0.8MoO15-δ(RE=Ce, Y, La, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er). 通过XRD, Raman和XPS等手段对氧化物的结构进行了表征, 采用交流阻抗谱测试其导电性能. 研究结果表明, RE3+的掺杂可增加氧离子的空位浓度, 改善母体电导率, 晶胞参数随RE3+半径的增大而增大. 掺杂离子Dy3+的半径(0.0908 nm) 与母体基质离子Ce4+的半径(0.0920 nm) 相近, 形成的掺杂氧化物晶格弹性应变最小, RE3+与氧空位间的缔合焓(ΔHA)最小, 因而氧化物Ce5.2Dy0.8MoO15-δ具有相对较高的电导率(7.02×10-3 S/cm)和较低的激活能(1.056 eV).     

微流控芯片电解质介导连接在柱式电导检测

研制了一种新型在柱式微流控芯片电导检测装置,利用电解质介导连接分离样品和检测电极,避免了电极的污染和中毒.在芯片的分离通道上设有双T型通道和十字型通道,分别用于进样和检测.检测电极分别置于十字通道口两端的储液池中,电极与芯片相互独立,简化了实验装置,便于电极的更换和清洗.采用缓冲溶液作介导电解质,减小了因两者浓度或种类不同而导致的基线漂移.与非接触电导接触相比,本装置在较低的检测电压(2.5～4.0 V)和频率(700～1700 Hz)范围即可获得相对灵敏的信号.在15 mmol/L MES-His(pH 5.8)的缓冲体系下,K+与Na+的检出限分别为0.5和0.1 μmol/L.     

Conductivity of One-Dimensional Phthalocyanine Compounds

Phthalocyanine, compounds(MPcL) containing the bridge radical ligand were studied by using the method of EHMOACC. Calculation results indicate that the charge carriers are mainly from thermal excitation of semiconductor, where charges are transferred by both hole and electron; the information manifested in the electron energy band and electric conductivity deduced by means of migration formula of the charge carrier at room temperature are in accordance with the experiment facts in the main.     

乳液变化中的pH与电导率振荡

A series of oscillators of pH and conductivity in emulsion structure change were found from composition change and component substitution of triglyceride hydrolysis oscillator which had been discovered by the author.The experimental results show that without any chemical reaction there are still various oscillations in the inner diffusion of the emulsion. During the oscillatory process, periodic change of interface membrane in the emulsion could be obseved by a 100× microscope. The oscillation phenomena have been briefly explained by Marangoni effect due to component substitution.     

Electrical Conductivity of Alkaline-reduced Graphene Oxide

A green route using a very simple and straightforward ultrasonic process under alkaline conditions, rather than a general chemical reduction process using hydrazine, was utilized to obtain the hydrophilic reduced graphene oxide(RGO) sheets, via removing oxygen functional groups from graphene oxide(GO) and repairing the aromatic structure. It is found that the conductivity of the obtained RGO could be tuned by changing pH value in alkaline solution, and the current-voltage(I-V) curves of both GO and RGO are nonlinear and slightly asymmetric. Under the same applied voltage, the current of RGO is much larger than that of GO, indicating a pronounced increase in the electrical conductivity of RGO, compared to that of GO.     

Conductivity of water-in-oil microemulsions: Fluctuations from the charge generation-recombination equilibrium

A theory for conductivity fluctuations in water-in-oil microemulsions is presented. The treatment is based on the charge fluctuations model proposed by Eicke et al., Hall, and Halle. The portion of current fluctuations due to fluctuations in the number of charge carriers is attributed to the charge generation-recombination equilibrium: two neutral drops positive drop+negative drop. The power spectrum of the fluctuations is a Lorentzian determined by the forward and reverse rates of this equilibrium. Implications of the charge fluctuation model for experimental studies of water-in-oil microemulsions are suggested.     

LaNiO3的导电性及其CO甲烷化催化活性

用混合硝酸盐分解法得到的La_2O_3-NiO体系在800℃下焙烧制得氧化物LaNiO_3,经XRD鉴定为单一钙钛矿型晶相,测定表明其电阻率低于相应的氧化镧、氧化镍混合物;高于金属镍,具有半金属性,对CO甲烷化的催化活性顺序为金属Ni>LaNiO_3>NiO,与导电性大小顺序相一致,而导电性与含镍材料中镍的d电子公有化程度相关。     

Sm, Pr掺杂CeO2和CeMoO15基固体电解质的结构与性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Sm和Pr掺杂的CeO2和CeMoO15基固体电解质, 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)等手段对氧化物结构进行了分析, 用交流阻抗谱测试了其电性能, 并比较了不同基体及其掺杂体系的结构与电性能. 结果表明, Ce6MoO15基掺杂体系的导电性能高于CeO2基掺杂体系; 元素Mo的加入使Ce6MoO15基材料的晶粒尺寸增大, 晶界相成分减少, 材料的晶界电导率增加, 600 ℃以下材料导电性能明显提高; Pr的掺入减小了材料的晶粒尺寸, 提高了材料的晶界电导率.     

新型导电高分子材料的导电性与其结构的关系

新型导电高分子材料的导电性与其结构的关系梁洪泽，宋永贤，丁黎明，綦玉臣，李丽霞，景遐斌，王佛松（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，长春，１３００２２）自Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ首次报道了聚环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ）－碱金属盐（ＭＸ）配合物的离子导电性以来，有关各种聚合物固体...     

The conductivity of dilute solutions of mixed electrolytes. Part 2: The system NaCl-MgCl2 at 25°C

The conductivities of dilute aqueous mixtures of NaCl-MgCl₂ have been determined at various ionic compositions and at 25°C. These results are used to assess the applicability of modern theories of electrolytic conductivity.