共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
2020年6月22日,位于瑞典的全面禁止核试验条约国际监测系统放射性核素台站监测到大气中微量的134Cs, 137Cs和103Ru等放射性核素,芬兰和爱沙尼亚在6月14至22日期间还监测到141Ce, 95Zr和95Nb等放射性核素,国际上对这些核素的来源进行了各种猜测.本文在确证这些核素及其活度浓度基础上,结合国际监测系统放射性核素台站监测数据的统计分析,对核事件性质进行了判断,推算了放射性核素的释放时间,并利用大气输运模拟程序对这些放射性核素来源进行了初步判断.结果表明, 134Cs与137Cs活度浓度比值约为1.1,可排除来自核试验或核爆炸;位于俄罗斯境内的RN61核素台站探测到131I和133I与位于挪威境内的RN49核素台站探测到的133Xe相关,可能来自反应堆运行过程中的泄漏;初步判断134Cs, 137... 相似文献
2.
李伟 《工程物理研究院科技年报》2009,(1):109-110
放射性氙同位素和37Ar可以作为全面禁止核试验条约现场视察判断是否进行了地下核爆炸的良好指示剂。由此,中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所自主研制了移动式37Ar快速探测系统和核活动的氙空中/地面机动侦察系统。 相似文献
3.
在实验室HPGe探测器测量分析氙气样品过程中需要用到相对方法进行分析, 然而由于放射性氙同位素半衰期较短, 制作相应的标准气体比较难, 给谱仪系统刻度带来困难.针对该问题, 提出使用混合面源模拟刻度四种氙同位素气体源的效率, 并提出将积分中值定理应用到面源刻度实验过程, 大大简化了中间流程, 提高了测量的准确性.利用氙分离纯化系统在高氡环境下采集样品, 获得了天然放射性133Xe气体γ谱, 通过计算得到其活度浓度. 积分中值位置处的混合面源刻度结果和气体源刻度结果一致, 说明本文提出的面源刻度技术及积分中值定理的思想在HPGe 探测器效率刻度测量分析中是有效可行的.
关键词:
面源
无源效率刻度软件
效率刻度 相似文献
4.
因其较高的核自旋极化度所提供的探测灵敏度,超极化129Xe气体已被成功应用于动物和人体磁共振成像(MRI).但是,在超极化129Xe的收集-升华过程中,多种因素会导致129Xe核自旋弛豫,进而限制其应用范围.本文通过理论模型分析和实验测量,验证了温度、磁场、螺旋冷阱材质等对冷冻恢复过程中超极化129Xe弛豫的影响;同时,测量了自动收集-升华装置的稳定性.研究结果表明,升华方式和冷阱材质对129Xe极化度损耗的影响显著;自制收集-升华装置的自动化程度高、长时间稳定,129Xe极化度的恢复率可达到85.6% ± 4.7%.本研究非常有助于提升超极化129Xe在动物和人体MRI中的使用效率. 相似文献
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超极化气体3He 或者129Xe 扩散加权成像已经被证明了能够有效检测慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)中肺部微结构的改变.相比于3He,129Xe 更便宜而且更容易获得,但是129Xe 成像中较低的信噪比致使129Xe 的肺部表面扩散系数(ADC)的测量面临着许多困难.在该研究中,为了得到更高的图像信噪比,作者对气球模型,健康大鼠和COPD大鼠进行了单个b 值(14 cm2/s)的扩散加权超极化129Xe 磁共振成像(MRI).所有的COPD模型大鼠是通过烟熏和注射内毒素(LPS)进行诱导得到的.在7 T 磁共振成像仪上面获得了大鼠肺实质的超极化129Xe ADC 值分布图.COPD 大鼠肺实质的129Xe ADC 值是0.044 22±0.002 9 和0.042 34±0.002 3 cm2/s (Δ = 0.8/1.2 ms),远大于健康大鼠肺实质的129Xe ADC 值0.037 7±0.002 3 和0.036 7±0.001 3 cm2/s.而且COPD 大鼠肺实质相关的129Xe ADC 直方图也表现出了一定的展宽.这些结果说明了COPD 大鼠肺泡空腔的增大能够通过129Xe 在肺里面的ADC 增长和相关直方图的拓宽反应出来,从而证明了单个b 值的扩散加权MRI 方法可以有效地对COPD 大鼠进行检测. 相似文献
6.
在相同浓度下,超极化129Xe的核磁共振(NMR)灵敏度是传统质子NMR的10 000倍以上,但单原子Xe不具有靶向性,只有单一NMR信号.若超极化129Xe与“分子笼”相结合,就能获得新的“笼”内Xe信号,为发展超极化129Xe分子探针奠定基础.因此,构建新型的“分子笼”是发展新型超极化129Xe分子探针的一个重要方向.葫芦[6]脲纳米颗粒的出现能改善以葫芦[6]脲为主体的129Xe分子探针水溶性差、信号弱等缺点.本文构建了水溶性的葫芦[6]脲纳米颗粒,并发现其具有葫芦[6]脲/纳米颗粒内部两个“笼”内129Xe信号.这一发现使这种纳米颗粒具有成为超极化129Xe分子探针的潜力,能降低检测结果中假阳性和假阴性的发生率,值得更深入的探索和研究. 相似文献
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本文提出并实现了一种新的穆斯堡尔谱——时间相关穆斯堡尔谱。这是利用两步衰变119mTe→119Sb→119Sn而获得的。测量了110keV 119mTe加1015稳定Te/cm2注入并经600℃退火的样品在不同测量时间内的穆斯堡尔谱,分析了各谱线随ξ的变化。这里ξ是我们定义的参量,它等于ΦTe/Φ总,由退火时刻ta关键词: 相似文献
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9.
放射性惰性气体 37Ar的监测是全面禁止核试验条约核查体系中现场视察(OSI)的一项重要技术手段。 为在理论上考察地下核爆炸后 37Ar泄漏到地表的时间及泄漏量, 将核试验场区抽象为多孔介质, 在不考虑 37Ar在基岩中吸附、 解吸的情况下, 利用多孔介质渗流模型, 对理想场区地下核爆炸产生的 37Ar在地层中的输运进行数值模拟, 给出了 37Ar泄漏到地表时间及变化量。 计算结果可为OSI惰性气体监测技术的发展及其在地下核爆炸监测中应用的有效性评价提供参考。 Monitoring radioactive gas 37Ar is an important technique for the On Site Inspection(OSI) of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) verification regime. In order to establish a theoretical model that can be used to calculate the appearing time and radioactivity of 37Ar which transports to the ground after a nuclear explosion, the rock media in the test area is assumed to be a homogeneous porous media, without consideration of gas absorption by and release from the rock media. The seepage model in the porous media is used to calculate 37Ar transportation. Computational results give the time 37Ar leaks to the ground and the variation of its radioactivity with time.And we can analyze and consider the computational results when we have developed OSI noble gas monitoring systems and evaluated their effectiveness. 相似文献
10.
提出了一种基于稀疏表示的核素能谱特征提取方法,其实质是将核素能谱在区分性最好的稀疏原子上进行投影。利用稀疏分解方法对核素能谱进行稀疏分解,提取分解系数向量作为表征核素的特征向量,通过模式识别分类方法建立分类模型实现核素识别。与传统稀疏分解方法的区别在于:在能谱稀疏分解过程中按照稀疏字典中的原子排列顺序顺次进行分解;其次,分解目的在于特征提取,即最终提取到的特征对不同核素具有可区分性,并不要求核素能谱的重构精度。在241Am, 133Ba, 60Co, 137Cs, 131I和152Eu共6种核素1200个能谱数据上进行了核素识别实验,7种不同分类算法的平均识别率达到91.71%,实验结果的统计分析表明,本文提出的特征提取方法识别准确率显著地高于两种传统核素能谱特征提取方法准确率。 相似文献
11.
Parameter analysis for a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope based on bf133Cs-129Xe/131Xe
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We theoretically investigate several parameters for the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope based on 133Cs-129Xe/131Xe. For a cell containing a mixture of 133Cs at saturated pressure, we investigate the optimal quenching gas (N2) pressure and the corresponding pump laser intensity to achieve 30% 133Cs polarization at the center of the cell when the static magnetic field B0 is 5 μT with different 129Xe/131Xe pressure. The effective field produced by spin-exchange polarized 129Xe or 131Xe sensed by 133Cs can also be discussed in different 129Xe/131Xe pressure conditions. Furthermore, the relationship between the detected signal and the probe laser frequency is researched. We obtain the optimum probe laser detuning from the D2 (62S1/2→62P3/2) resonance with different 129Xe/131Xe pressure owing to the pressure broadening. 相似文献
12.
We observed the NMR signal of low-pressure gas 129Xe by laser enhanced method on an MSL-400 NMR spectrometer and measured nuclear spin relaxations of 129Xe gas at various temperatures. The relaxation rate constant of 129Xe-133Cs spin exchange was obtained as (6.8±0.5)×10-16cm-3s-1. 相似文献
13.
Lowery TJ Rubin SM Ruiz EJ Spence MM Winssinger N Schultz PG Pines A Wemmer DE 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2003,21(10):1235-1239
The chemical shift sensitivity and significant signal enhancement afforded by laser-polarized 129Xe have motivated the application of 129Xe NMR to biological imaging and spectroscopy. Recent research done by our group has used laser-polarized 129Xe in biomolecular assays that detect ligand-binding events and distinguish protein conformations. The successful application of unfunctionalized and functionalized 129Xe NMR to in vitro biomolecular assays suggests the potential future use of a functionalized xenon biosensor for in vivo imaging. 相似文献
14.
Gamma rays emitted in the decay of the 133Te isomers, 55.4 min 133mTe and 12.5 min 133gTe, have been observed with Ge(Li) detectors. Sources were prepared by separating Sb from fission products, allowing several minutes for decay of 2.7 min 133Sb and then separating the Te daughter activities. A total of 29 γ-rays between 312 and 2541 keV were attributed to decay of 133gTe and 30 from 74 to 2050 keV to that of 133mTe. Gamma-gamma coincidences in the decay of 133gTe were observed with a NaI(Tl)---Ge(Li) set-up. The decay scheme of 133gTe was constructed, involving placement of 25 of the γ-rays emitted. The decay of 133gTe populates levels in 133I at 0, 312, 720, 787, 1313, 1333, 1374, 1565, 1718, 2137, 2194 and 2541 keV. The decay of 133mTe is very complicated, and we have not attempted construction of a complete decay scheme for it; however, levels at 913 and 1561 keV in 133I are definitely populated in 133mTe decay. The value for Qβ of 133Te was measured as 3.52±0.10 MeV. The low-lying levels of the odd-mass iodine isotopes vary smoothly through the series 125I through 133I. The levels of 133I are fitted rather well by predictions based on quasi-particle-phonon coupling. 相似文献
15.
Natural xenon, contained in a ceil at a pressure of 6.5 atm, is frozen from 303 to 137 K on an WP-80SY NMR spectrometer. NMR signals of 129Xe atoms in gaseous, liquid and solid phases are measured at various temperatures, We found that the chemical shift of NMR signal of liquid 129Xe (expressed as ΔH) is directly proportional to the density of the sample with a coefficient of (4.73±0.05)×10-7; and the chemical shift of NMR signal of solid 129Xe (expressed as ΔH) is nearly proportional to the density of the sample with a coefficient of (5.00±0.08)×10-7. 相似文献
16.
组织蛋白酶B(Cat B)是一种溶酶体半胱氨酸蛋白酶,在细胞代谢中起重要作用.已有研究表明Cat B在肺癌细胞中会过表达.因此,细胞内Cat B水平的检测非常重要.迄今为止,细胞内Cat B的检测方法主要为荧光成像,但该技术受限于渗透性和自发荧光背景干扰.为了解决这些问题,我们设计了一种基于超极化129Xe磁共振成像的新型探针.它由一个作为129Xe核磁共振(NMR)报告基团的穴番分子笼和一个作为Cat B特异性可裂解基团的酰胺键组成.当探针与Cat B相互作用时,酰胺键的断裂会导致其129Xe化学位移发生变化.结合超极化-化学交换饱和转移(Hyper-CEST)技术,可为Cat B提供一种新颖的检测方法. 相似文献
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H. C. Scraggs E. S. Paul A. J. Boston J. F. C. Cocks D. M. Cullen K. Helariutta P. M. Jones R. Julin S. Juutinen H. Kankaanp M. Muikku P. J. Nolan C. M. Parry A. Savelius R. Wadsworth A. V. Afanasjev I. Ragnarsson 《Nuclear Physics A》1998,640(3-4):337-361
High-spin states have been populated in 54119Xe via the 96Mo(27Al,p3n) reaction at 133 MeV, using the
γ-ray spectrometer to record triple γ-ray coincidences. The known level scheme has been significantly extended and several band crossings identified. In particular, the νh11/2 yrast band has been extended to Iπ = (83/2−) and shows features which are consistent with those of smooth band termination at high spin. Theoretical results for 119Xe at high spin are discussed within the framework of cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations, together with results for 117Xe. 相似文献