Synthese und Reaktionen von Metallkomplexen mit porphinoidem Ligandsystem 1. Mitteilung (3,3,4,4-Tetramethyl-5-imino-1-pyrrolin-2-yl)-(3′,3′,4′,4′-tetramethyl-5′-iminopyrrolidin-2′-yliden)-methan,ein Zwischenprodukt zur Synthese von Hexahydroporphinen

Reaction of tetramethylsuccinicdinitrile with methylmagnesium iodide in boiling toluene leads to the title compound 8 in 80–85% yield. The magnesium complex of 2-imino-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-5-methylidene-pyrrolidine is shown to act as an intermediate.     

3′,4′-Diethynl-2′,3′,5′-trideoxy-5′-noruridine: A new self-polymerizable 2′-deoxyribonucleoside analogue

In 10 steps, 3′,4′-diethynyl-2′,3′,5′-trideoxy-5′-noruridine ( 14 ) was synthesized in 5% overall yield from commercial uridine, using conventional methods of nucleoside chemistry. As two functional groups capable to react with each other are present in the same molecule, the synthetic compound is able to form polymers, similar to the polynucleotides, by an acetylene coupling reaction.     

Synthese von [16,16,16,16′,16′,16′-2H6] Lycopin

Synthesis of [16,16,16,16′,16′,16′ ²H₆]Lycopene Lycopene having at both ends the deuteriated methyl groups trans to the chain has been synthesized for further biochemical experiments aimed to elucidate the stereochemistry of the cyclization step. Incidentally a gas-chromatographic separation of the isotopisomers 1 and 2g has been observed.     

Optisch aktive 4,5-Epoxy-4,5-dihydro-α-ionone und Synthese der stereoisomeren 4,5:4′,5′-Diepoxy-4,5,4′,5′-tetrahydro-ϵ,ϵ-carotine und der sterische Verlauf ihrer Hydrolyse

Optically Active 4,5-Epoxy-4,5-dihydro-α-ionones; Synthesis of the Stereoisomeric 4,5:4′,5′-Diepoxy-4,5,4′,5′-tetrahydro-?,?-carotenes and the Steric Course of their Hydrolysis We prove that epoxidation with peracid of α-ionone, contrary to a recently published statement, predominantly leads to the cis-epoxide. Acid hydrolysis affords a single 4,5-glycol whose structure, established by an X-ray analysis, shows that oxirane opening occurred with inversion at the least substituted position (C(4)). Stable cis-and trans-epoxides are prepared by epoxidation of the C₁₅-phosphonates derived from α-ionone. Both the racemic and optically active form are used for the synthesis of the 4,5:4′,5′-diepoxy-4,5,4′,5′-tetrahydro-?,?-carotenes having the following configuration in the end groups: meso-cis/cis, meso-trans/trans, rac-cis/trans, rac- and (6R, 6′ R)-cis/cis, rac- and (6R, 6′R)-trans/trans, rac- and (6R, 6′R)-cis/trans, and (6R, 6′ R)-cis/?. Acid hydrolysis of the cis/cis-epoxycarotenoids under relatively strong conditions occurs again with inversion at C(4)/C(4′) in case of the cis/cis-epoxycarotenoids, but at C(5)/C(5′) in case of the trans/trans-epoxycarotenoids. An independent synthesis of this 4,5,4′,5′-tetrahydro-?,?-carotene-4,5,4′,5′-tetrol is presented. The irregular results of the oxirane hydrolysis are explained by assumption of neighbouring effects of the lateral chain. 400-Mz-¹H-NMR data are given for each of the stereoisomeric sets. In the visible range of the CD spectra, the (6R, 6R′)-epoxycarotenoids compared with (6R, 6R′)-?,?-carotene exhibit an inversion of the Cotton effects.     

Isomerisierung bei der Komplexbildung von 3-Acetyl-tetramsäure: Struktur und magnetische Eigenschaften des CuII- und NiII-Komplexes von 2,7-Bis(1′, 5′, 5′-trimethylpyrrolidin-2′, 4′-dion-3′ -yl)-3, 6-diazaocta-2, 6-dien

Isomerization at the Complexation of 3-Acetyltetramic Acid: Structure and Magnetic Properties of the Cu^II- and Ni^II-Complex of 2,7-Bis (1′, 5′, 5′ -trimethylpyrrolidin-2′,4′ -dion-3′ -yl)-3,6-diazaocta-2,6-dien 2,7-Bis(1′, 5′, 5′ -trimethylpyrrolidin-2′, 4′ -dion-3′ -yl)-3,6-diazaoctadien formes Cu^II and Ni^II complexes with different constitutions (because of the Z/E isomerization). Results of X-ray analysis of N,N′ -ethylenbis(1′, 5′, 5′ -trimethylpyrrolidin-2′, 4′ -dion-3′ -acetiminato)nickel(II) 1 respectively -copper(II) 2 shows, that the complexing agent in 1 occurs in the E-form, whereas the ligand of the Cu^II complex forms the Z-form. Magnetic susceptibility and shift effects of the ¹³C-NMR signals point to a weak paramagnetism of the Ni^II complex. ESR-spectra are obtained from 2 only. Furthermore, the Cu^II complex reduces the relaxation times T₁ and T₂ of ¹H and ¹⁷O nuclei spins from water. From the temperature dependence of the shortening of the relaxation times an activation energy is calculated which describes the reorientation of the copper complex in the “water matrix”.     

Nucleotide,XVII. Synthese von homogenen Adenosyl-3′,5′-Oligomeren nach dem Phosphotriester-Verfahren

Nucleotides, XVII. Synthesis of Homogeneous Adenosyl-3′,5′-oligomers by the Phosphotriester Method The chemical synthesis of the fully protected trimer 12 , the tetramers 11 and 23 as well as the pentamer 14 was achieved in preparative scales starting from the fully blocked adenosine-3′-phosphotriesters 1, 2 , and N⁶-benzoyl-2′,3′-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)adenosine (6) . All intermediates and end products have been isolated, purified and characterized by elemental analyses, UV, and CD spectra. Deprotection of the various blocking groups proceeds without difficulties to afford the free trimeric, tetrameric, and pentameric oligoadenylates 15, 16 , and 24 in high yields.     

Nachweis von Fragment-Genesen im Massenspektrometer 1. Mitteilung Struktur des Schlüsselfragmentes von Bisamidin ((3,3,4,4-Tetramethyl-5-imino-1-pyrrolin-2-yl)-(3′,3′,4′,4′-tetramethyl-5′-iminopyrrolidin-2′-yliden)-methan), einem Zwischenprodukt zur Synthese von Hexahydroporphinen

The structure of the fragment-ion m/e 178 of the title compound was elucidated by the analysis of its formation and its subsequent fragmentation, using DADI, defocussing, peak matching, and deuterium labeling.     

1,2-Epoxy-Carotinoide. 1. Mitteilung. Synthese von 1,2-Epoxy-lycopin und 1,2,1′,2′-Diepoxy-lycopin

1,2-Epoxy-Carotenoids. Synthesis of 1,2-Epoxy-lycopene and 1,2,1′,2′-Diepoxy-lycopene The synthesis of the naturally occuring 1,2-epoxy-lycopene and of 1,2,1′,2′-diepoxy-lycopene is described.     

1,2-Epoxycarotinoide. 2. Mitteilung. Synthese der 1′,2′-Epoxide von β,ψ- und ε,ψ-Carotin (= γ- bzw. δ-Carotin)

The synthesis of the naturally occurring 1′,2′-epoxy-1′,2′-dihydro-β, δ-carotene and 1′,2′-epoxy-1′,2′-dihydro-ε, ψ-carotene is described.     

Synthese von (R)-β, β-Carotin-2-ol und (2R, 2′R)-β, β-Carotin-2,2′-diol

Synthesis of (R)-β, β-Caroten-2-ol and (2R, 2′R)-β, β-Carotene-2,2′-diol Starting from geraniol, the two carotenoids (R)-β, β-caroten-2-ol ( 1 ) and (2R, 2′R)-β, β-carotene-2,2′-diol ( 3 ) were synthesized. The optically active cyclic building block was obtained by an acid-catalysed cyclisation of the epoxide (R)- 4 . The enantiomeric excess of the product was > 95 %.     

Synthese von diastereo- und enantio-selektiv deuterierten β,ε-, β,β-, β,γ- und γ,γ-Carotinen

Synthesis of Diastereo- and Enantioselectively Deuterated β,ε-, β,β-, β,γ- and γ,γ-Carotenes We describe the synthesis of (1′R, 6′S)-[16′, 16′, 16′-²H₃]-β, εcarotene, (1R, 1′R)-[16, 16, 16, 16′, 16′, 16′-²H₆]-β, β-carotene, (1′R, 6′S)-[16′, 16′, 16′-²H₃]-γ, γ-carotene and (1R, 1′R, 6S, 6′S)-[16, 16, 16, 16′, 16′, 16′-²H₆]-γ, γ-carotene by a multistep degradation of (4R, 5S, 10S)-[18, 18, 18-²H₃]-didehydroabietane to optically active deuterated β-, ε- and γ-C₁₁-endgroups and subsequent building up according to schemes \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm C}_{11} \to {\rm C}_{14}^{C_{\mathop {26}\limits_ \to }} \to {\rm C}_{40} $\end{document} and C₁₁ → C₁₄; C₁₄+C₁₂+C₁₄→C₄₀. NMR.- and chiroptical data allow the identification of the geminal methyl groups in all these compounds. The optical activity of all-(E)-[²H₆]-β,β-carotene, which is solely due to the isotopically different substituent not directly attached to the chiral centres, is demonstrated by a significant CD.-effect at low temperature. Therefore, if an enzymatic cyclization of [17, 17, 17, 17′, 17′, 17′-²H₆]lycopine can be achieved, the steric course of the cyclization step would be derivable from NMR.- and CD.-spectra with very small samples of the isolated cyclic carotenes. A general scheme for the possible course of the cyclization steps is presented.     

Nucleotide. XV. Synthese und Eigenschaften von 2′-O-t-Butyldimethylsilyl-5′-O-monomethoxytritylribonucleosid-3′-phosphotriestern,Ausgangssubstanzen für Oligonucleotid-Synthesen

Nucleotides. XV. Synthesis and Properties of 2′O-t-Butyldimethylsilyl-5′-O-monomethoxytritylribonucleoside-3′-phosphotriesters, Starting Materials for Oligonucleotide Syntheses The syntheses of two types of fully blocked ribonucleoside 3′-phosphotriesters 6–14 have been achieved in excellent yields from 2′-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-5′-O-monomethoxytrityl-ribonucleosides 1–5 by phosphorylation with 2-chloro- and 2,5-dichlorophenylphosphorodichloridate respectively and subsequent treatment by cyanoethanol to 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 and 14 and by p-nitrophenylethanol to 7 , 9 , 11 and 13 . These phosphotriesters are valuable starting materials for oligonucleotide syntheses due to the fact that the corresponding phosphotriesters 15–23 with free HO? C(5′) could be obtained by detritylation and the 3′-phosphodiester triethylammonium salts 24–32 by deblocking of the cyanoethyl and the 2,5-dichlorophenyl group respectively. All newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by UV.-and NMR.-spectra as well as C, H, N elementary analyses.