Surface Tension and Wulff Shape for a Lattice Model without Spin Flip Symmetry

We propose a new definition of surface tension and check it in a spin model of the Pirogov-Sinai class without symmetry. We study the model at low temperatures on the phase transitions line and prove: (i) existence of the surface tension in the thermodynamic limit, for any orientation of the surface and in all dimensions $ d \geq 2 $; (ii) the Wulff shape constructed with such a surface tension coincides with the equilibrium shape of the cluster which appears when fixing the total spin magnetization (Wulff problem). Communicated by Vincent Rivasseau submitted 24/01/03, accepted: 12/04/03     

Integral formula of Minkowski type and new characterization of the Wulff shape

Given a positive function F on S^n which satisfies a convexity condition, we introduce the r-th anisotropic mean curvature Mr for hypersurfaces in R^n＋1 which is a generalization of the usual r-th mean curvature Hr. We get integral formulas of Minkowski type for compact hypersurfaces in R^n＋1. We give some new characterizations of the Wulff shape by the use of our integral formulas of Minkowski type, in case F=1 which reduces to some well-known results.     

Wulff clusters inR 2

We give the first existence and regularity results on the cheapest way to enclose and separate planar regions of prescribed areas, where cost is given by a general norm ϕ, thus generalizing the Wulff shape for enclosing a single region. As an example, we classify the cheapest way to enclose and separate two planar regions of prescribed areas for the ℓ¹ norm (“Manhattan metric”) into three distinct types, according to the relative size of the prescribed areas.     

Well-posedness and dynamics of fractional FitzHugh-Nagumo systems on ℝN driven by nonlinear noise

This article is concerned with the well-posedness as well as long-term dynamics of a wide class of non-autonomous, non-local, fractional, stochastic FitzHugh-Nagumo systems driven by nonlinear noise defined on the entire space?R^N. The well-posedness is proved for the systems with polynomial drift terms of arbitrary order as well as locally Lipschitz nonlinear diffusion terms by utilizing the pathwise and mean square uniform estimates. The mean random dynamical system generated by the solution operators is proved to possess a unique weak pullback mean random attractor in a Bochner space. The existence of invariant measures is also established for the autonomous systems with globally Lipschitz continuous diffusion terms. The idea of uniform tail-estimates of the solutions in the appropriate spaces is employed to derive the tightness of a family of probability distributions of the solutions in order to overcome the non-compactness of the standard Sobolev embeddings on ?^N as well as the lack of smoothing effect on one component of the solutions. The results of this paper are new even when the fractional Laplacian is replaced by the standard Laplacian.

     

A weighted estimate for the square function on the unit ball in ℂ<Superscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis></Superscript>

We show that the Luzin area integral or the square function on the unit ball of ℂ ⁿ , regarded as an operator in the weighted space L ²(w) has a linear bound in terms of the invariant A ₂ characteristic of the weight. We show a dimension-free estimate for the “area-integral” associated with the weighted L ²(w) norm of the square function. We prove the equivalence of the classical and the invariant A ₂ classes.     

Isoperimetric inequalities,Wulff shape and related questions for strongly nonlinear elliptic operators

We investigate the first eigenvalue of a highly nonlinear class of elliptic operators which includes the p--Laplace operator $\Delta_p u=\sum_i {{\partial}\over{\partial x_i}} (\vert\nabla u \vert^{p-2}{{\partial u}\over{\partial x_i}})$, the pseudo-p-Laplace operator $\tilde\Delta_p u=\sum_i {{\partial}\over{\partial x_i}} (\vert {{\partial u}\over{\partial x_i}} \vert^{p-2} {{\partial u}\over{\partial x_i}})$ and others. We derive the positivity of the first eingefunction, simlicity of the first eigenvalue, Faber-Krahn and Payne-Rayner type inequalities. In another chapter we address the question of symmetry for positive solutions to more general equations. Using a Pohozaev-type inequality and isoperimetric inequalities as well as convex rearrangement methods we generalize a symmetry result of Kesavan and Pacella. Our optimal domains are level sets of a convex function H ^o. They have the so-called Wulff shape associated with H and only in special cases they are Euclidean balls.     

Basic sets of Brauer characters of finite groups of Lie type,III

LetG(F ^q ) be a finite classical group whereq is odd and the centre ofG is connected. We show that there exists a set of irreducible characters ofG(F ^q ) such that the corresponding matrix of scalar products with the characters of Kawanaka’s generalized Gelfand-Graev representations is square unitriangular. This uses in an essential way Lusztig’s theory of character sheaves. As an application we prove that there exists an ordinary basic set of 2-modular Brauer characters and that the decomposition matrix of the principal 2-block ofG(F ^q ) has a lower unitriangular shape.     

A Central Limit Theorem for Convex Chains in the Square

Points P ₁ ,... ,P _n in the unit square define a convex n -chain if they are below y=x and, together with P ₀ =(0,0) and P _n+1 =(1,1) , they are in convex position. Under uniform probability, we prove an almost sure limit theorem for these chains that uses only probabilistic arguments, and which strengthens similar limit shape statements established by other authors. An interesting feature is that the limit shape is a direct consequence of the method. The main result is an accompanying central limit theorem for these chains. A weak convergence result implies several other statements concerning the deviations between random convex chains and their limit. Received April 17, 1998, and in revised form December 4, 1998.     

Toeplitz-Hankel type operators on product spaces

Via a series of orthogonal two-dimensional wavelets, an orthogonal decomposition of the space of square integral functions on U×U (U is the upper half-plane) with the measurey ^a ₁ y ^a ₁ dx ₁ dx ₂ dx ₁ dx ₂ is given. Four kinds of Toeplitz-Hankel type operators between the decomposition components are defined and boundedness, S_p properties of them are established. Research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Short Polynomial Representations for Square Roots Modulo p

Let p be an odd prime number and a a square modulo p. It is well known that the simple formula a mod p gives a square root of a when p 3 mod 4. Let us write p – 1 = 2 ⁿ s with s odd. A fast algorithm due to Shanks, with n steps, allows us to compute a square root of a modulo p. It will be shown that there exists a polynomial of at most 2 ^n–1 terms giving a square root of a. Moreover, if there exists a polynomial in a representing a square root of a modulo p, it will be proved that this polynomial would have at least 2 ^n–1 terms, except for a finite set _n of primes p depending on n.     

Anisotropic version of a theorem of H. Hopf

Given a positive function F on S ² which satisfies a convexity condition, we define a function for surfaces in which is a generalization of the usual mean curvature function. We prove that an immersed topological sphere in with = constant is the Wulff shape, up to translations and homotheties.      

All square chiliagonal numbers

A square chiliagonal number is a number which is simultaneously a chiliagonal number and a perfect square (just as the well-known square triangular number is both triangular and square). In this work, we determine which of the chiliagonal numbers are perfect squares and provide the indices of the corresponding chiliagonal numbers and square numbers. The study revealed that the determination of square chiliagonal numbers naturally leads to a generalized Pell equation x² ? Dy² = N with D = 1996 and N = 996², and has six fundamental solutions out of which only three yielded integer values for use as indices of chiliagonal numbers. The crossing/independent recurrence relations satisfied by each class of indices of the corresponding chiliagonal numbers and square numbers are obtained. Finally, the generating functions serve as a clothesline to hang up the indices of the corresponding chiliagonal numbers and square numbers for easy display and this was used to obtain the first few sequence of square chiliagonal numbers.     

The fairing and G1 continuity of quartic C‐Bézier curves

Quartic C‐Bézier curves possess similar properties with the traditional Bézier curves including terminal property, convex hull property, affine invariance, and approaching the shape of their control polygons as the shape parameter α decreases. In this paper, by adjusting the shape parameter α on the basis of the utilization of the least square approximation and nonlinear functional minimization together with fairing of a quartic C‐Bézier curve with G¹ continuity of quartic C‐Bézier curve segments, we develop a fairing and G¹ continuity algorithm for any given stitching coefficients λ_k(k = 1,2,…,n ? 1). The shape parameters α_i(i=1, 2, …, n) can be adjusted by the value of control points. The curvature of the resulting quartic C‐Bézier curve segments after fairing is more uniform than before. Moreover, six examples are provided in the paper to demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm and illustrate how to apply this algorithm to the computer‐aided design/computer‐aided manufacturing modeling systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Harmonic measure,L 2-estimates and the Schwarzian derivative

We consider several results, each of which uses some type of “L ²” estimate to provide information about harmonic measure on planar domains. The first gives an a.e. characterization of tangent points of a curve in terms of a certain geometric square function. Our next result is anL ^p estimate relating the derivative of a conformal mapping to its Schwarzian derivative. One consequence of this is an estimate on harmonic measure generalizing Lavrentiev’s estimate for rectifiable domains. Finally, we considerL ² estimates for Schwarzian derivatives and the question of when a Riemann mapping ϕ has log ϕ′ in BMO. Supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-91-00671. Supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-86-025000.     

Flat forms, bi-Lipschitz parametrizations, and smoothability of manifolds

We give a sufficient condition for a metric (homology) manifold to be locally bi-Lipschitz equivalent to an open subset in R ⁿ . The condition is a Sobolev condition for a measurable coframe of flat 1-forms. In combination with an earlier work of D. Sullivan, our methods also yield an analytic characterization for smoothability of a Lipschitz manifold in terms of a Sobolev regularity for frames in a cotangent structure. In the proofs, we exploit the duality between flat chains and flat forms, and recently established differential analysis on metric measure spaces. When specialized to R ⁿ , our result gives a kind of asymptotic and Lipschitz version of the measurable Riemann mapping theorem as suggested by Sullivan.     

Frame self-orthogonal Mendelsohn triple systems of type

A Mendelsohn triple system (MTS) corresponds to an idempotent semisymmetric Latin square (quasigroup) of the same order. A holey MTS is called frame self-orthogonal, briefly FSOMTS, if its associated holey semisymmetric Latin square is frame self-orthogonal. In this paper, we use FSOMTS(hⁿ) to denote an FSOMTS with n spanning holes of size h. The existence of FSOMTS(hⁿ) for h3 has been known with a few exceptions. We extend the existing results and determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of FSOMTS(hⁿ) for any h and n with some possible exceptions.     

Imbedded Circle Patterns with the Combinatorics of the Square Grid and Discrete Painlevé Equations

   Abstract. A discrete analogue of the holomorphic maps z ^γ and log(z) is studied. These maps are given by Schramm's circle pattern with the combinatorics of the square grid. It is shown that the corresponding circle patterns are imbedded and described by special separatrix solutions of discrete Painlevé equations. Global properties of these solutions, as well as of the discrete z ^γ and log(z) , are established.     

On the Antipode of a Co-Frobenius (Co)Quasitriangular Hopf Algebra

For H a quasitriangular Hopf algebra, S ², the square of the antipode is the inner automorphism induced by the Drinfeld element u, and S ⁴ is the inner automorphism induced by the grouplike element g = uS(u)^?1. For H finite dimensional, results of Drinfeld and Radford express g in terms of the modular elements of H. This note supplies another proof which replaces the requirement of finite dimensionality with existence of a nonzero integral for H in H*. Similar results hold for the infinite dimensional coquasitriangular case; here we supply some interesting examples.