Boundary-layer on a flat plate with homogeneous suction

Zusammenfassung Zur Berechnung einer laminaren Grenzschicht an einer ebenen Platte mit gleichmässiger Absaugung ist als Ansatz für das Geschwindigkeitsprofil ein Polynom 6. Grades benutzt und mit Hilfe der v. Kármánschen Integralbedingung eine Lösung erhalten worden. Das Verfahren gibt eine gute Annäherung für die verschiedenen Grenzschichtparameter und die Ergebnisse sind in enger Übereinstimmung mit den numerischen Ergebnissen von Iglisch. Darüber hinaus liefert der Fall ohne Absaugung eine ausgezeichnete Übereinstimmung mit der exakten Blasius-Lösung.     

Unsteady flow past a flat plate with suction

A solution is given for the transient response for laminar boundary layer flow past a flat plate to a step-function change in suction velocity. An arbitrary but constant suction velocity normal to the plate is allowed prior to step-change. Using the Laplace transform technique the solutions for the unsteady velocity profile and shear stress are obtained and are graphically sketched when the suction velocity doubles in the stepchange. The results show clear evidence of boundary-layer contraction when suction velocity is increased.     

Hydrodynamic and thermal slip flow boundary layers over a flat plate with constant heat flux boundary condition

In this paper the boundary layer flow over a flat plat with slip flow and constant heat flux surface condition is studied. Because the plate surface temperature varies along the x direction, the momentum and energy equations are coupled due to the presence of the temperature gradient along the plate surface. This coupling, which is due to the presence of the thermal jump term in Maxwell slip condition, renders the momentum and energy equations non-similar. As a preliminary study, this paper ignores this coupling due to thermal jump condition so that the self-similar nature of the equations is preserved. Even this fundamental problem for the case of a constant heat flux boundary condition has remained unexplored in the literature. It was therefore chosen for study in this paper. For the hydrodynamic boundary layer, velocity and shear stress distributions are presented for a range of values of the parameter characterizing the slip flow. This slip parameter is a function of the local Reynolds number, the local Knudsen number, and the tangential momentum accommodation coefficient representing the fraction of the molecules reflected diffusively at the surface. As the slip parameter increases, the slip velocity increases and the wall shear stress decreases. These results confirm the conclusions reached in other recent studies. The energy equation is solved to determine the temperature distribution in the thermal boundary layer for a range of values for both the slip parameter as well as the fluid Prandtl number. The increase in Prandtl number and/or the slip parameter reduces the dimensionless surface temperature. The actual surface temperature at any location of x is a function of the local Knudsen number, the local Reynolds number, the momentum accommodation coefficient, Prandtl number, other flow properties, and the applied heat flux.     

Examples of the Re-number effect on the transitional flat plate boundary layers

Dimensionless mean flow characteristics and the location of the transitional region were investigated of flat plate boundary layers (smooth surface or covered by sandpaper 60 grit) at the external flow velocities about 5 m/s, 10 m/s and 14 m/s and with turbulence levels either natural (less than 0.003) or gained by a grid across the flow (FST level 0.03 at the leading edge). Preliminary comparison of the received results with those previously published [1] is presented. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Magnetohydrodynamic shear flow along a flat plate with uniform suction or blowing

An analysis is made of the steady shear flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid past an electrically insulating porous flat plate in the presence of an applied uniform transverse magnetic field. It is shown that steady shear flow exists for suction at the plate only when the square of the suction parameter S is less than the magnetic parameter Q. In this case the velocity at a given point increases with increase in either the magnetic field or suction velocity. The shear stress at the plate increases with increase in either S or the free-stream shear-rate parameter σ₁ or Q. The analysis further reveals that solution exists for steady shear flow past a porous flat plate subject to blowing only when the square of the blowing parameter S₁ is less than Q. It is found that the induced magnetic field at a given location decreases with increase in Q. Further the wall shear stress decreases with increase in S₁. No steady shear flow is possible for blowing at the plate when S₁² > Q. Received: June 16, 2004; revised: October 24, 2004     

Direct simulation of the turbulent boundary layer on a plate

A numerical method for the integration of three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations for compressible fluid as applied to direct numerical simulation is proposed. By way of example, the boundary layer on a plate is simulated. The computations were carried out for Re_θ = 1500. The computational grid consisted of a half billion nodes. The flow region includes the laminar, transitional, and turbulent zones. The numerically obtained distributions of average velocity, friction, and pulsations are compared with experimental data and available numerical solutions.     

Analysis of turbulent boundary layers with zero pressure gradient

Zusammenfassung Das hier entwickelte, formale, mathematische System beschreibt turbulente Grenzschichten an glatten und rauhen Platten und vermittelt eine zusammenhängende und folgerichtige Behandlung von solch groben Schichteigenschaften wie Durchschnittsgeschwindigkeitsprofil, Schubspannung, Wirbelviskosität und Grenzschichtdicke. Die erhaltenen Lösungen zeigen gute Übereinstimmung mit den Versuchsergebnissen. Die gegebene Formulierung kann in gewisser Hinsicht als eine neuartige Mischungsweghypothese betrachtet werden.Die Arbeit beschränkt sich auf Grenzschichten mit Nulldruckgradienten. Eine Verallgemeinerung auf von Null abweichende Druckgradienten ist einer späteren Mitteilung vorbehalten, in welcher gezeigt werden soll, dass die benutzte Methode zu mit dem Experiment übereinstimmenden Ergebnisse führt und keiner weiteren Hilfshypothesen bedarf.Die physikalische Bedeutung der Arbeit kann darin gesehen werden, dass ein allerdings nicht ganz genaues Mischungswegmodell dennoch auftretende Mischungsvorgänge näherungsweise beschreiben kann, was somit die Aufstellung einer Mischungsweghypothese ermöglicht, die mit genügender Genauigkeit ein grobes Bild verschiedener Aspekte der beobachteten Vorgänge gibt. Es ist somit möglich, zu einer handlichen und folgerichtigen mathematischen Formulierung zu gelangen, mit deren Hilfe allgemeine Eigenschaften von turbulenten Grenzschichten an festen Oberflächen untersucht werden können.

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Address for 1958: California Institute of Technology.

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Supported in part by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation RF 56160.     

A similarity solution for laminar thermal boundary layer over a flat plate with a convective surface boundary condition

This paper considers the classical problem of hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers over a flat plate in a uniform stream of fluid. It is well known that similarity solutions of the energy equation are possible for the boundary conditions of constant surface temperature and constant heat flux. However, no such solution has been attempted for the convective surface boundary condition. The paper demonstrates that a similarity solution is possible if the convective heat transfer associated with the hot fluid on the lower surface of the plate is proportional to x^?1/2. Numerical solutions of the resulting similarity energy equation are provided for representative Prandtl numbers of 0.1, 0.72, and 10 and a range of values of the parameter characterizing the hot fluid convection process. For the case of constant heat transfer coefficient, the same data provide local similarity solutions.     

Laminar boundary layer on a flat plate at high Prandtl number

Zusammenfassung Das Problem der Laminarströmung einer kompressiblen Flüssigkeit längs einer ebenen Platte bei grossen Prandtlzahlen wird mit Hilfe der Methode der inneren und äusseren Expansion gelöst unter der Annahme, dass das Produkt aus Dichte und Viskosität quer zur Grenzschicht konstant ist. Die Tabellen des Anhanges ermöglichen die Berechnung einer vollständigen Temperaturverteilung in der Grenzschicht für isolierte und nichtadiabatische Wände. Es erweist sich, dass die für den Rückgewinnungsfaktor gewonnene Formelr=1,922 ^1/3–1,341 eine wesentliche Verbesserung gegenüber früheren Ergebnissen ist, selbst bei =10³. Es wird eine Interpolationsformel vorgeschlagen, die in die exakte asymptotische Lösung bei grossem übergeht und beir=1 ebenfalls =1 ergibt.     

A note on Hydromagnetic oscillatory flow along an infinite flat plate with variable suction

The two-dimensional, incompressible flow past an infinite plate of a weakly conducting fluid in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is discussed when the suction velocity normal to the plate as well as the external flow velocity vary periodically with time. Expressions for the velocity and the skin-friction in the boundary layer have been obtained in a non-dimensional form.     

Drag reduction via wall-normal oscillations in turbulent flat plate boundary layer flow at very high Reynolds number

The effects of wall-normal single point oscillations in turbulent boundary layers at very high Reynolds number are investigated by numerical simulation. The impact on the friction drag and on the turbulent structures is analyzed. (© 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Boundary layer along the initial length of a flat plate at zero incidence with homogeneous suction

An investigation has been made into the two-dimensional laminar incompressible boundary layer along the initial length of a semi-infinite flat plate at zero incidence with homogeneous suction. The momentum and the kinetic energy integral equations have been numerically integrated with the aid of a singly infinite system of boundary layer velocity profiles. The results obtained are well in agreement with the known exact solution and the process of integration is simpler to be carried out by the use of a monoparametric family of velocity profiles. The method can be used to investigate the boundary layer along a flat plate with arbitrary suction starting either at the leading edge or at some point downstream.     

Similarity solutions for mixed convection boundary layer flow over a permeable horizontal flat plate

The effects of suction and injection on steady laminar mixed convection boundary layer flow over a permeable horizontal flat plate in a viscous and incompressible fluid is investigated in this paper. The similarity solutions of the governing boundary layer equations are obtained for some values of the suction and injection parameter f₀, the constant exponent n of the wall temperature as well as the mixed convection parameter λ. The resulting system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is solved numerically for both assisting and opposing flow regimes using a finite-difference scheme known as the Keller-box method. Numerical results for the reduced skin friction coefficient, the reduced local Nusselt number, and the velocity and temperature profiles are obtained for various values of the parameters considered. Dual solutions are found to exist for the opposing flow.     

Numerical computation of three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers for the infinite swept wing

A numerical scheme for turbulent incompressible boundary layer is proposed. The formulation of the problem assumes translation invariance in cartesian coordinates. An anisotropic eddy viscosity model is considered. Numerical experiments show good agreement with a streamline coordinate formulation on the one hand and experimental data on the other hand.

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Résumé Un schéma de discrétisation des équations de la couche limite turbulente et incompressible est proposé. La formulation du problème s'appuie sur l'invariance de translation en coordonnées cartésiennes. Un modèle de viscosité turbulente anisotrope est considéré. Les résultats montrent une bonne concordance avec, d'une part, la formulation du problème en coordonnées lignes de courant, et d'autre part, les mesures expérimentales.

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This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation under Grant No. 2.855-0.85.