Synthesis and characterization of single-crystal Ce(OH)CO3 and CeO2 triangular microplates

Single-crystal cerium hydroxide carbonate (Ce(OH)CO3) triangular microplates with the hexagonal phase have been successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method at 150 degrees C using cerium nitrate (Ce(NO3)3.6H2O) as the cerium source, aqueous carbamide as both an alkaline and carbon source, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Single-crystal ceria (CeO2) triangular microplates have been fabricated by a thermal decomposition-oxidation process at 650 degrees C for 7 h using single-crystal Ce(OH)CO3 microplates as the precursor. The shape of the Ce(OH)CO3 microplate was sustained after thermal decomposition-oxidation to CeO2. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG).     

CeO2(100)极性面结构与活性的密度泛函理论研究

CeO2是一类使用非常广泛的稀土氧化物催化材料,在许多重要的催化反应过程,如机动车尾气净化、水汽转换、石油裂解等,表现出很高的活性.大量研究表明,CeO2的高活性来源于其表面晶格氧,正是由于这些晶格氧能够直接参与氧化反应,同时反应留下的氧空位又能够被气相氧分子吸附填补,因而体现出很好的储放氧催化性能.目前多数研究采用CO氧化为模型反应,研究了CeO2常见的(111)和(110)晶面的晶格氧活性,但对于其另外一种重要低指数晶面(100)的结构和活性研究却非常有限.需要指出的是,CeO2(100)是一种极性表面,这给该表面的模型构建和理论研究带来了困难.为了深入了解这种极性表面的结构稳定性和催化活性,本文运用在位库仑力校正的密度泛函理论(DFT+U)方法系统研究了CeO2(100)极性面的可能结构及相关稳定性,并且深入分析了CO在该表面上的吸附和反应.本文首先利用板层模型尝试构建稳定的CeO2(100)极性面结构,方法是在保证整个板层化学计量配比完整的前提下,在表层或体相去除氧原子,同时使得整个板层上下对称不存在极性以利于计算.通过计算发现,在CeO2(100)表层分布氧空位的结构比体相中分布氧空位的结构要稳定,同时,氧空位的分布越接近表面,CeO2(100)面的结构稳定性就会越高,其最稳定的结构是将表层满覆盖氧离子移除一半.对CeO2(100)面不同结构的稳定性及相关电子结构分析表明,CeO2(100)表层满覆盖的氧离子间存在很强的相互排斥作用,因此倾向于降低表面氧浓度来提高表面的稳定性.另外,这种相互作用会降低相邻氧离子的价态,并能引起体相铈离子在整体表面维持完整的化学计量比的情况下,仍能出现局域4?电子而被还原为三价铈.随后我们研究了CO在CeO2(100)最稳定和次稳定表面上的氧化反应.发现CO在不同CeO2(100)表面的氧空位处吸附较强,另外,CO在CeO2(100)最稳定结构上可与表面晶格氧反应形成吸附的CO2中间物种,中间物种可直接解离成气相CO2,也可以继续与表面晶格氧反应形成碳酸盐.而在CeO2(100)次稳定表面上,CO很难与表面晶格氧形成吸附的CO2中间态,而直接产生气态CO2.     

Al合金表面Ce转化膜成膜机理研究

Ce转化膜作为一种Cr转化膜的理想替代品而日益受到人们的重视，但其成膜机理还不很清楚.本文应用自行研制的扫描微参比电极技术（SMRE），原位测量经CeCl3溶液处理的2024-T3 Al合金表面微区电位分布，并结合X光电子能谱（XPS）和交流阻抗谱（EIS），对Ce转化膜的成膜机理进行探讨.结果表明，在CeCl3溶液中，Ce转化膜的形成过程是 Ce3＋和Cl－相互竞争的动态过程.当由Cl－的不均匀吸附引起的局部腐蚀使pH升高时， Ce(OH)3就会首先在局部位置发生沉积.阴极反应过程产生的H2O2可将Ce(OH)3部分氧化成CeO2.     

纳米管状结构立方萤石型CeO2的合成(英)

低温水热条件下，Ce⁴⁺离子经尿素水解均匀沉淀，在十八胺分子模板导向下形成了多层有序排列的纳米管状结构的立方萤石型CeO₂，采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)以及选区电子衍射(SEAD)等手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明，该结构是由单根外、内径分别为10～20 nm、5～6 nm左右的纳米管有序排列形成的纳米管束构成，且产物具有结晶性良好的立方萤石型CeO₂晶体结构。在管束的生长过程中，反应体系首先形成单根纳米管，继而管与管之间又相互缔合生长成多层有序排列的纳米管束。控制尿素的水解，获得了不同pH值下的反应产物，发现反应体系pH值在5～6之间时产物为立方萤石型CeO₂、6～8时为立方萤石型CeO₂与六方型Ce(OH)CO₃的混合物、大于8则为六方型Ce(OH)CO₃。     

铈基与钴基Co3O4-CeO2氧载体上甲烷化学链转化特性: 产物选择性控制

采用水热法制备了Co₃O₄/CeO₂(x)[x为钴铈原子摩尔比n(Co):n(Ce)=6:49:1]和Ce_1-yCo_yO_2-δ(y=0.10.4)2个系列复合氧化物, 并表征了材料的物理化学性质, 考察了这些氧化物作为氧载体参与甲烷化学链转化(化学链燃烧和化学链部分氧化)的反应性能. 结果表明, 2类复合氧化物的甲烷反应活性均明显优于单一氧化物CeO₂或Co₃O₄, 但2类氧载体上的甲烷反应产物的选择性具有明显差异. Ce_1-yCo_yO_2-δ氧载体形成了Ce-Co-O固溶体, 储氧能力明显增强, 体相晶格氧迁移速率与甲烷活化速率匹配较好, 甲烷反应产物以CO和H₂的合成气为主, 有利于甲烷的化学链部分氧化. Co₃O₄/CeO₂(x)氧载体中CeO₂与Co₃O₄之间的相互作用改善了材料的储氧能力和氧化活性, 其与甲烷反应时主要生成CO₂, 有利于甲烷化学链燃烧. 连续性化学链循环实验表明, 2类氧载体均具有较好的再生性能和循环稳定性.     

Shape-selective synthesis and oxygen storage behavior of ceria nanopolyhedra, nanorods, and nanocubes

Single-crystalline and uniform nanopolyhedra, nanorods, and nanocubes of cubic CeO2 were selectively prepared by a hydrothermal method at temperatures in the range of 100-180 degrees C under different NaOH concentrations, using Ce(NO3)3 as the cerium source. According to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, they have different exposed crystal planes: {111} and {100} for polyhedra, {110} and {100} for rods, and {100} for cubes. During the synthesis, the formation of hexagonal Ce(OH)3 intermediate species and their transformation into CeO2 at elevated temperature, together with the base concentration, have been demonstrated as the key factors responsible for the shape evolution. Oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurements at 400 degrees C revealed that the oxygen storage takes place both at the surface and in the bulk for the as-obtained CeO2 nanorods and nanocubes, but is restricted at the surface for the nanopolyhedra just like the bulk one, because the {100}/{110}-dominated surface structures are more reactive for CO oxidation than the {111}-dominated one. This result suggests that high OSC materials might be designed and obtained by shape-selective synthetic strategy.     

CeO2(110)表面上CO氧化反应的密度泛函理论研究

利用密度泛函理论系统研究了O2与CO在CeO2(110)表面的吸附反应行为. 研究表明, O2在洁净的CeO2(110)表面吸附热力学不利, 而在氧空位表面为强化学吸附, O2分子被活化, 可能是重要的氧化反应物种. CO在洁净的CeO2(110)表面有化学吸附与物理吸附两种构型, 前者形成二齿碳酸盐物种, 后者与表面仅存在弱的相互作用. 在氧空位表面, CO可分子吸附或形成碳酸盐物种, 相应吸附能均较低. 当表面氧空位吸附O2后(O2/Ov), CO可吸附生成碳酸盐或直接生成CO2, 与原位红外光谱结果相一致. 过渡态计算发现,O2/Ov/CeO2(110)表面的三齿碳酸盐物种经两齿、单齿过渡态脱附生成CO2. 利用扩展休克尔分子轨道理论分析了典型吸附构型的电子结构, 说明表面碳酸盐物种三个氧原子电子存在离域作用, 物理吸附的CO及生成的CO2电子结构与相应自由分子相似.     

草酸盐热分解法制备CeO_2负载CuO催化剂用于CO优先氧化反应

采用草酸盐热分解-浸渍法制备了一系列不同CuO负载量的CuO/CeO_2催化剂,并将其用于CO优先氧化(PROX)研究.当CuO负载量为10%时催化剂活性最高,具有温区最宽且温度最低的CO完全转化窗口(96~160℃),并且当反应温度低于131℃时,产物中CO2选择性始终保持100%.研究结果表明,当负载少量CuO时,Cu~(2+)离子会进入CeO_2晶格形成固溶体;进一步提高CuO负载量会导致CuO在CeO_2表面聚集.对于CuO/CeO_2催化剂,形成Cu-Ce固溶体会在催化剂表面生成大量的表面氧空位和Ce3+;Ce3+则与Cu~(2+)作用产生更多的表面Cu~+,而Cu~+是CO PROX的活性中心,因此表面Ce3+含量的提高和Cu-Ce之间相互作用的增强是活性提高的主要原因.与普通沉淀-浸渍法制备的CuO/CeO_2催化剂相比,草酸盐热分解-浸渍法制备的催化剂更有利于Cu-Ce固溶体的形成,从而具有更多的表面Ce3+和更强的表面Cu-Ce相互作用,因此具有更高的CO优先氧化活性.     

硫酸溶液中Ce3+在铂电极上阳极氧化动力学

用分解极化曲线法研究了铂电极上Ce（Ⅳ）阳极形成动力学与机理．实验结果表明，电位在1．7—1．9V（vs．SCE）的高极化区，分解得到的O2和Ce（Ⅳ）的极化曲线Tafel斜率分别为2．303RT／βF和2×2．303RT／βF，两者的动力学方程可分别用下式表示：
i(O2)=k1aw4exp(βφF/RT)
i(Ce4+)=k2aw2[Ce3+]exp(βφF/2RT)
假设了Ce3＋是通过反应中间基MCe（OH）3•Oad氧化的机理．由此所导出的动力学方程与实验结果相符．     

Spontaneous organization of uniform CeO2 nanoflowers by 3D oriented attachment in hot surfactant solutions monitored with an in situ electrical conductance technique

Uniform CeO(2) nanoflowers were synthesized by rapid thermolysis of (NH(4))(2)Ce(NO(3))(6) in oleic acid (OA)/oleylamine (OM), by a unique 3D oriented-attachment mechanism. CeO(2) nanoflowers with controlled shape (cubic, four-petaled, and starlike) and tunable size (10-40 nm) were obtained by adjusting the reaction conditions including solvent composition, precursor concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The nanoflower growth mechanism was investigated by in situ electrical conductance measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The CeO(2) nanoflowers are likely formed in two major steps, that is, initial formation of ceria cluster particles capped with various ligands (e.g., OA, OM, and NO(3) (-)) via hydrolysis of (NH(4))(2)Ce(NO(3))(6) at temperatures in the range 140-220 degrees C, and subsequent spontaneous organization of the primary particles into nanoflowers by 3D oriented attachment, due to a rapid decrease in surface ligand coverage caused by sudden decomposition of the precursor at temperatures above 220 degrees C in a strong redox reaction. After calcination at 400 degrees C for 4 h the 33.8 nm CeO(2) nanoflowers have a specific surface area as large as 156 m(2) g(-1) with high porosity, and they are highly active for conversion of CO to CO(2) in the low temperature range of 200-400 degrees C. The present approach has also been extended to the preparation of other transition metal oxide (CoO, NiO, and CuO(x)) nanoflowers.     

CeO2、CaO助剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气Ni/MgOAl2O3催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用BET、H2 TPR、XRD、TEM和活性评价等表征手段，考察了CeO2、CaO助剂对Ni/MgOAl2O3催化剂物化性质和甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应性能的影响。实验结果表明，单独加入CeO2或CaO助剂可以改善Ni/ MgOAl2O3催化剂中镍物种的还原性能，以CaO尤为明显；CaO作为结构助剂可以降低还原态催化剂中的镍晶粒尺寸，使改性的催化剂具有较好的活性，而CeO2对催化剂的活性未产生显著影响。当CeO2与CaO两种助剂同时对Ni/MgOAl2O3进行改性时，虽然催化剂中镍物种的还原性能没有发生明显变化，但仍具有很好的反应性能，这与CeO2与CaO能够形成CaO-CeO2固溶体有关。CaO-CeO2固溶体不仅与镍物种间存在相互作用，提高了镍物种的分散度、减小了镍晶粒尺寸，还可以提高催化剂的储氧能力和晶格氧的流动性，从而有利于改善其甲烷部分氧化反应性能。     

Raman analysis of mode softening in nanoparticle CeO(2-δ) and Au-CeO(2-δ) during CO oxidation

Oxygen vacancy levels are monitored during the oxidation of CO by CeO(2-δ) nanorods and Au-CeO(2-δ) nanorods, nanocubes, and nanopolyhedra by using Raman scattering. The first-order CeO(2) F(2g) peak near 460 cm(-1) decreases when this reaction is fast (fast reduction and relatively slow reoxidation of the surface), because of the lattice expansion that occurs when Ce(3+) replaces Ce(4+) during oxygen vacancy creation. This shift correlates with reactivity for CO oxidation. Increases in the oxygen deficit δ as large as ~0.04 are measured relative to conditions when the ceria is not reduced.     

高效 CeO2-MnOx-Al2O3催化剂的制备、表征及催化消除 NO性能

机动车在给人类生活带来便利的同时,也造成了严重的大气污染.其尾气净化成为人们关注的焦点.一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化碳(CO)和碳氢化合物(HCs)是机动车尾气中的三大典型污染物,主要通过三效催化(TWC)技术进行脱除. TWC技术涉及几个重要的催化反应,其中 CO催化还原 NO由于能够同时消除 CO和 NO两种污染物而引起研究者的极大关注.研究表明,负载型贵金属催化剂在该反应中显示出优异的催化性能,但存在资源匮乏、价格昂贵以及热稳定性欠佳等不足.因此,低价、高效的过渡金属氧化物催化剂成为近年研究重点.稀土金属氧化物 CeO2由于具有良好的氧化还原性能、较高的储释氧容量以及丰富的表面氧空位而被广泛用于 CO催化还原 NO反应.研究表明,对 CeO2进行离子掺杂可进一步增大其比表面积,改善其氧化还原性能和储释氧容量.并且,我们在先前的研究中还发现,将具有多种可变价态的钛离子或锡离子掺入 CeO2晶格由于掺杂离子能与 Ce4+/Ce3+发生电子转移而更有利于改善 CeO2的理化性质.此外,锰氧化物(MnOx)在氧化还原气氛中容易实现不同价态之间的切换,从而在一些重要的氧化还原反应中表现出优异的催化性能.近年来,有研究者将 CeO2与 MnOx相结合制备了 CeO2-MnOx催化剂用于 NO消除、碳烟燃烧和挥发性有机物(VOCs)氧化等反应,并取得一些有意义的结果.然而,对于实际应用来说, CeO2-MnOx催化剂存在比表面积偏小等不足.众所周知,γ-Al2O3是一种常用的具有高比表面积和高热稳定性的催化剂载体材料,可有效增大催化剂比表面积.我们前期研究结果表明,通过共沉淀法将 Al3+掺入铈基复合氧化物的晶格相比于以γ-Al2O3为载体更有利于改善铈基复合氧化物的理化性质和催化性能.因此,我们通过简单的氨水反滴加共沉淀法制备了一系列 CeO2-MnOx-Al2O3(Ce：Mn：Al摩尔比=6：4：x,x =0.25,0.5,1,2)复合氧化物催化剂用于 CO催化还原 NO反应.并运用 X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、氮气物理吸附、氢气程序升温还原、X射线光电子能谱以及原位漫反射红外光谱等表征技术对上述催化剂进行了系统分析.重点考察了 Al3+掺杂量对 CeO2-MnOx-Al2O3复合氧化物催化剂理化性质和催化性能的影响.结果表明,在 CeO2-MnOx复合氧化物中掺入少量 Al3+会导致其晶粒尺寸减小,从而增大其比表面积和孔体积,并增加 Ce3+和 Mn4+的含量.比表面积和孔体积增大有助于催化剂与反应物分子之间充分接触; Ce3+和 Mn4+含量增加能分别促进 CO物种吸附以及吸附态 NO物种脱附、转化和解离.这些变化有利于提高 CeO2-MnOx复合氧化物在 CO催化还原 NO反应中的催化性能.最后,基于催化剂的理化性质表征及其催化性能评价,我们尝试提出了一个可能的催化反应机理,以进一步理解 CeO2-MnOx-Al2O3复合氧化物催化剂在 CO催化还原 NO反应中的优异性能.     

Transformation of proton-conducting Perovskite-type into fluorite-type fast oxide ion electrolytes using a CO2 capture technique and their electrical properties

Fast oxide ion conducting Ce 1- x M x O 2-delta (M = In, Sm; x = 0.1, 0.2) and Ce 0.8Sm 0.05Ca 0.15O 1.825 were prepared from the corresponding perovskite-like structured materials with nominal chemical composition of BaCe 1- x M x O 3-delta and BaCe 0.8Sm 0.05Ca 0.15O 2.825, respectively, by reacting with CO 2 at 800 degrees C for 12 h. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis showed the formation of fluorite-type CeO 2 and BaCO 3 just after reaction with CO 2. The amount of CO 2 gained per ceramic gram was found to be consistent with the Ba content. The CO 2 reacted samples were washed with dilute HCl and water, and the resultant solid product was characterized structurally and electrically employing various solid-state characterization methods, including PXRD, and alternating current (ac) impedance spectroscopy. The lattice constant of presently prepared Ce 1- x M x O 2-delta and Ce 0.8Sm 0.05Ca 0. 15O 1.825 by a CO 2 capture technique follows the expected ionic radii trend. For example, In-doped Ce 0.9In 0.1O 1.95 (In (3+) (VIII) = 0.92 A) sample showed a fluorite-type cell constant of 5.398(1) A, which is lower than the parent CeO 2 (5.411 A, Ce (4+) (VIII) = 0.97 A). Our attempt to prepare single-phase In-doped CeO 2 samples at 800, 1000, and 1500 degrees C using the ceramic method was unsuccessful. However, we were able to prepare single-phase Ce 0.9In 0.1O 1.95 and Ce 0.8In 0.2O 1.9 by the CO 2 capture method from the corresponding barium perovskites. The PXRD studies showed that the In-doped samples are thermodynamically unstable above 800 degrees C. The ac electrical conductivity studies using Pt electrodes showed the presence of bulk, grain-boundary, and electrode contributions over the investigated temperature range in the frequency range of 10 (-2)-10 (7) Hz. The bulk ionic conductivity and activation energy for the electrical conductivity of presently prepared Sm- and (Sm + Ca)-doped CeO 2 samples shows conductivities similar to those of materials prepared by the ceramic method reported in the literature. For instance, the conductivity of Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9 using the CO 2 capture technique was determined to be 4.1 x 10 (-3) S/cm, and the conductivity of the same sample prepared using the ceramic method was 3.9 x 10 (-3) S/cm at 500 degrees C. The apparent activation energy of the area-specific polarization resistance for the symmetric cell (Sm,Sr)CoO 3- x |Ce 0.8Sm 0.2O 1.9|(Sm,Sr)CoO 3- x was determined to be 1 eV in air.     

Two-phase synthesis of colloidal annular-shaped Ce(x)La(1-x)CO3OH nanoarchitectures assembled from small particles and their thermal conversion to derived mixed oxides

Undoped and cerium doped LaCO(3)OH annular-shaped nanoarchitectures with high specific surface area have been fabricated via the thermolysis of Ce(x)La(1-x)(oleate)(3) (x = 0-20 mol %) complexes in a toluene-water system containing tert-butylamine/oleylamine. The products exhibit 400 nm-sized monodisperse annular-shaped nanoarchitectures, which are constituted of 3-5 nm-sized primary particles. A possible mechanism of the reaction of Ce(x)La(1-x)(oleate)(3) and tert-butylamine for the formation of annular-shaped Ce(x)La(1-x)CO(3)OH nanoarchitectures is proposed. The thermal conversion of Ce(x)La(1-x)CO(3)OH to Ce(x)La(1-x)(CO(3))O(2) at 600 °C, to Ce(x)La(1-x)(OH)(3) at 800 °C, final to (Ce(x)La(1-x))(2)O(3-δ) at 900 °C were employed, while the original morphology was essentially unchanged. The dopant concentration was varied from 5 to 20 of cerium ions per LaCO(3)OH nanoparticle. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results reveal that the cerium dopant could enter easily into the LaCO(3)OH structural lattice, whereas copper could unlikely enter into their lattice because of their large ionic radius difference. The cerium oxidation state was controlled by changing doping concentration. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results reveal that only one Ce(3+) oxidation state is in the as-synthesized Ce(x)La(1-x)CO(3)OH samples with cerium concentration ranging from 5 to 20 mol %, whereas both 3+ and 4+ ones coexisted in 20 mol % Ce:LaCO(3)OH structure. Remarkable luminescence emission intensity enhancement of 1.5-9.0 times were observed for Ce(x)La(1-x)CO(3)OH samples with cerium concentration ranging from 5 to 20 mol %, after doping with an undoped LaCO(3)OH.     

On the mechanism of Re(I)-carboxylate bond cleavage by perchloric acid: a kinetic and spectroscopic study

We have studied the reaction between pz-CO(2)-Re(CO)(3)(bpy) and perchloric acid in acetonitrile by following the UV-vis and IR spectral changes in the reaction mixture. A fast equilibrium was found to be established between solvated protons, pz-CO(2)-Re(CO)(3)(bpy), and the protonated intermediate [pz-C(OH)O-Re(CO)(3)(bpy)](+) which finally yields pz-COOH and Re(CO)(3)(bpy)(CH(3)CN)(+) as reaction products. This intermediate has been characterized by UV-vis and IR spectroscopies and by DFT calculations. The fully optimized DFT/CPCM structures for pz-CO(2)-Re(CO)(3)(bpy) and [pz-C(OH)O-Re(CO)(3)(bpy)](+) were compared with the X-ray structure of pz-CO(2)-Re(CO)(3)(bpy). The structural parameters associated with the carboxyl group in the protonated intermediate are between those of pz-CO(2)-Re(CO)(3)(bpy) and pz-COOH. Multivariate curve resolution methods were employed to obtain the spectrum of the protonated intermediate and the concentration profiles from the full matrix of time-resolved UV-vis spectra. The proposed mechanism was numerically simulated by using Runge-Kutta methods. Model parameters were estimated by nonlinear regression fitting of the concentration profiles, yielding values of log(K) = 4.9 ± 0.3 and k = 0.16 ± 0.03 min(-1) for the formation equilibrium constant and the decay rate constant of the protonated intermediate, respectively.     

CO氧化反应中的二氧化铈晶面效应

二氧化铈(CeO2)因其具有较强的储放氧能力,被用作氧化还原反应的催化材料.自2005年,研究者制备出形貌可控的CeO2纳米棒、纳米立方块和纳米多面体,在CeO2形貌控制及构效关系研究方面取得长足发展.各种结构表征手段包括原位拉曼(in situ Raman)、原位傅里叶变换红外光谱(in situ DRIFTS)、核磁共振(NMR)和电镜等被用来研究不同形貌CeO2的表面结构和在催化反应中的活性差异.一般的活性规律为CeO2纳米棒({110}/{100})>纳米立方块({100})>纳米多面体({111}/{100}).近年来,负载型CeO2催化剂因其能稳定分散金属,通过金属-载体相互作用调控界面电子结构并表现出优异的催化活性而引起广泛关注,其中晶面效应在负载型CeO2催化体系中显得较为复杂.铜铈催化剂被认为是非常经济有效的CO氧化催化剂,然而由于制备和测试条件差异导致的CeO2晶面对铜铈催化剂催化CO氧化活性的影响规律并不统一.我们之前的研究工作发现纳米棒CeO2-{110}晶面上的Cu-[Ox]-Ce结构不利于形成Cu((40)),而纳米颗粒CeO2-{111}晶面上的CuOx团簇很容易形成Cu((40)),从而对CO催化氧化极为有利,这与纯载体CeO2的规律并不一致.与此同时,对于铜负载的CeO2纳米棒(NR)及纳米立方体(NC)所体现的性质及活性差异缺少系统深入的研究.在上述工作基础上,我们采用沉积沉淀法在CeO2 NR及CeO2 NC上负载1%wt的铜分别得到1Cu CeNR和1Cu CeNC,并对所合成催化剂的结构和吸附性能进行了表征.高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)照片显示,CeO2纳米棒主要暴露{110}晶面,而CeO2纳米立方体以{100}晶面为主.催化测试结果表明,1Cu CeNC在130℃时CO已完全转化为CO2,而相同温度下1Cu Ce NR只有50%转化.进一步通过氢气程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和一氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)分析发现, 1Cu Ce NC催化剂具有较强的还原性且表面氧物种含量高.此外, X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和in situ DRIFTS研究表明, 1Cu Ce NC促进Cu((40))位点生成,导致活性Cu((40))-CO物种增多,这些优异的化学性质导致其具有较高的催化CO氧化活性.     

Au/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂的制备、表征及其在CO氧化和水煤气变换反应中的催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了不同锆铈摩尔比的Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9和1.0)氧化物,并以改性的浸渍法制备了金担载量为1%(质量分数)的Au/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂.考察了催化剂在低温CO氧化和水煤气变换反应中的催化性能.应用氮物理吸附、X射线衍射、透射电镜和H2程序升温还原等技术对氧化物载体及其负载金催化剂进行了表征,并与其催化性能进行了关联.结果表明,与纯CeO2和ZrO2相比,Ce1-xZrxO2的比表面积增大而孔径减小,孔分布更加集中.Zr的加入使表面Ce4 的还原更加困难,使体相Ce4 的还原更加容易.活性组分金的加入有利于铈锆氧化物的还原.ZrO2载体较大的孔径使金在载体表面分散均匀而粒子较小,因此与Au/CeO2和Au/Ce1-xZrxO2相比,Au/ZrO2具有更好的低温CO氧化活性和水煤气变换活性,而Au/CeZrO在高温下的水煤气变换反应中表现出更好的催化性能.     

还原剂对Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响

以PVP为保护剂,乙醇(ER)、乙二醇(GR)和水合肼(HR)为还原剂制备了一系列Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂,考察了还原剂对甲醇部分氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD、TPD和TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Au-Pd/CeO2(ER)催化剂具有较大的比表面积,形成的AuxPdy量较多、粒径较小、分散度较高、活性组分与载体的相互作用较强,同时对甲醇的吸附量较大和吸附温度较低。因此,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性和氢气选择性以及较低的CO质量分数。     

锰掺入对CeO2催化氧化CO性能的影响

氧化铈具有萤石矿型结构,并且随着氧化还原气氛的不同,铈可以Ｃｅ４＋／Ｃｅ３＋价态存在,在结构中易于形成流动性的氧空位,这些性质使得它成为很好的催化氧化活性材料;ＣｅＯ２经贱金属掺杂之后,可进一步提高其催化氧化活性,近年来倍受人们的重视［１,２］．锰的...