氦-3热力学状态方程框架

本文构建了低温流体3He状态方程的总体研究框架,它以温度和密度为独立变量,采用Helmholtz能形式表述 3He的热力性质依赖关系。在此基础上,推导了基于Helmholtz能形式基本状态方程的各热力学性质表达式。     

基于FORTRAN和VB的常用制冷剂热物性计算软件的开发

采用状态方程和多项式函数拟合两种方法,利用现有的物性计算,提出一些常用制冷剂的热力性质计算公式。利用FORTRAN和VB6.0建立了包含R12、R22、R134a的热物性计算软件。程序开发中采用层次模块的思想和开放式结构,便于增加新的制冷剂,具有良好的可扩充性。     

R13B1与R152a专用状态方程的研究

一、引言 表示流体P、V、T关系的专用状态方程是流体热物性研究最基础的工作,它是计算流体PVT性质及对实验数据进行内插外推及计算其导出热力性质(如焓、熵等)的工具,也是用来制作热物性图表的基础方程.一般对专用状态方程的要求应包括:1)能适用于宽广的参数范围及整个流体区域;2)不仅在计算PVT性质时精度高,而且能正确地描述其     

无污染制冷工质R134a的热力性质图表及计算式

一、 前言 R12作为制冷与空调设备的工质,长期以来被广泛地应用于生产和生活的各个部门。近年来,人们逐步认识到R12对臭氧层的破坏作用和挥发后的温室效应,于是不得不寻求新的工质替代R12,目前普遍认为R134a是R12最有希望的替代物。因此,对其热力性质进行研究,是一项十分必要的迫切任务。本文在综合国内外现有关于R134a研究工作的基础上,提出了全部热力性质的计算方程,并编制了相应的图表。     

一个HFC-134a的专用状态方程

一、问题的提出 HFC-134a是CFC-12的一种很有希望的替代物,对它的热力性质进行深入的研究非常必要,特别是状态方程的研究尤为重要,它是热力学参数计算的重要基础与依据。 评价一个状态方程的好坏,在于它的适用范围、再现不同相区PVT及导出量的精度以及使用的方便性。近几年国内外陆续发表了一些HFC-134a状态方程,其中主要包括日本的C.C.Piao等,美国的D.P.Wilson等,以及哈工大赵鸿斌等发表的方程。这     

铋的固相及液相多相状态方程研究

铋在高温高压下存在一系列复杂相结构,相变伴随着密度、内能等物理性质的改变.采用半经验三项式Helmholtz自由能表达式,构建了铋的五个固相及液相的多相状态方程,其中离子热振动自由能计算基于经典平均场理论给出的平均场势函数模型开展.研究结果表明,状态方程计算给出的铋的相图、等温压缩线、液相的温度-密度曲线以及冲击Hugoniot线等均与实验测量符合较好,故可认为本文构建的铋的多相状态方程具有良好的参数合理性以及模型适用性.     

R134a迁移性质研究

1引言R134a作为一种新工质，有关对其迁移性质的研究目前还进行的不多，已有的迁移性质计算公式适用范围亦不宽。这些都影响了系统的优化设计和动态仿真。针对这一问题，作者在本文对R134a的导热系数、粘度关系式进行了研究。2有关R134a导热系数、粘度系数的实验研究国内外公开发表的有关R134a导热系数、粘度系数实验研究的报告如表1和表2所示。表1近年来对R134a导热系我实验研究表2近年来对R134a粘应的实验研究本文曾于1996年10月在武夷山召开的中国工程热物理学会工程热力学与能源利用学术会议上宣读．表1、表2列出了各研究者对R134a迁…     

HFC—32的热力学性质

1前言HFC－32和其它HFC类物质的混合物被认为是HCFC－22的最有希望的替代物，因此，需要HFC－32的热物理性质。本文提供了一个适用于整个区域的HFC－32状态方程，结合理想气体比热关系式，给出了HFC－32各种热力性质，如：PVT（压力-比容-温度），内能，Helmholtz函数，Gibbs函数，焓，熵，等容比热，等压比热，声速等的计算式。另外，还给出了单独的饱和蒸气压和饱和液密度关联式。2蒸气压方程与饱和液密度方程至今已有多位学者测量过HFC－32的饱和蒸气压，提供了从180K至临界温度的蒸气压测量数据，根据实验中使用的样品纯度…     

基于自由体积理论及跨接方程的黏度推算模型

结合自由体积理论黏度模型与跨接方程,本文建立了一个适用于从气相到液相且包含临界区在内的黏度推算模型。以水为研究对象,对其对比密度ρ_r(0.01～2.57)、对比温度T_r(0.46～1.12)范围内的黏度进行了计算,计算值与文献实验值的相对偏差绝对平均值为1.81%,近临界区域相对偏差绝对平均值为4.6%。与现有的自由体积理论黏度模型相比,本文建立的黏度推算模型显著提升了近临界区域黏度的计算精度。     

PR状态方程的二元混合制冷剂热力性质计算

基于PR状态方程法和剩余函数法建立了混合制冷剂在过冷区、两相区以及过热区的热力学参数计算模型,将混合制冷剂R410A的计算结果与NIST数据库进行比对以验证模型精度.在此基础上,对二元混合制冷剂CO2/R600a(33.546/66.454,mass％)在不同相区的热力性质进行了推算,其计算结果可以用于以CO2/R600a为制冷剂的制冷系统的热力计算分析和性能优化.     

氦-3状态方程研究进展第一部分:固-液、气-液饱和线以及临界区状态方程

宽温度和压力范围内的3He详细热力参数数据对进行极低温基础科学研究和制冷特性研究是至关重要的,但至今尚缺乏一个热力学统一的解析形式状态方程来准确描述1K左右到室温300K温区的3He热力学性质.在收集和整理各类研究3He热力性质文献的基础上,总结了3He固-液、气-液饱和线以及临界区状态方程的研究状况.这项工作不仅能为关心3He局部区域性质的研究人员提供总结,而且可为今后开发宽范围的3He热力学状态方程提供参考.     

Nonparametric scaled equation of state and approximation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">P</Emphasis>-ρ-<Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis> data near the vapor-liquid critical point

We present a new scaled equation of state adequately describing the P-ρ-T data for fluids near the vapor-liquid transition point and compare this equation to the Schofield parametric equation of state. A comparative analysis of the approximation of data for He⁴, C₂H₄, and H₂O in the critical region shows that both these equations correctly describe the behavior of thermodynamic functions asymptotically close to the critical point.     

The functional renormalization group and O(4) scaling

The critical behavior of the chiral quark-meson model is studied within the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG). We derive the flow equation for the scale-dependent thermodynamic potential at finite temperature and density in the presence of a symmetry-breaking external field. We perform a set of approximations to formulate and solve the FRG flow equation in the presence of fermionic degrees of freedom and test their influence on the O(4) critical properties expected in the quark-meson model. Within this scheme, the critical scaling behavior of the order parameter, its transverse and longitudinal susceptibilities as well as the correlation lengths near the chiral phase transition are computed for vanishing baryon density. We focus on the scaling properties of these observables at non-vanishing external field when approaching the critical point from the symmetric as well as from the broken phase. We confront our numerical results with the Widom–Griffiths form of the magnetic equation of state, obtained by a systematic ε expansion of the scaling function.     

Nonasymptotic critical thermodynamical behavior of fluids

The paper is concerned with some theoretical and empirical attempts to obtain a unified equation for the thermodynamic properties of fluids that incorporates the nonclassical scaling laws near the critical point and crosses over to a classical analytic equation far away from the critical point. Specifically we investigate to what extent the various proposed crossover models agree with the known theoretical predictions for the universal ratios among the asymptotic and correction-to-scaling amplitudes in the power-law expansions of the thermodynamic properties around the critical point.     

Dual symmetries and universality of the critical behavior of a disordered ising ferromagnet

The critical behavior of a d-dimensional random Ising ferromagnet described in the critical region by the Ginzburg-Landau model with a random temperature has been considered. The critical temperature dependences of thermodynamic quantities, the equation of state, and the spin correlation function at the Curie point have been calculated by the renormalization group method. The most profound questions of the theory of impurity ferromagnets are the problem of universality and the role of the Griffiths singularities.     

Some features of the perturbing effects of gravity near the gas liquid critical point

The effect of gravity on various thermodynamic properties near the gas-liquid critical point has been calculated. Using a simple equation satisfying scaling requirements, an analytic expression for density profile is obtained, using which the effect on different thermodynamic properties can be easily calculated.     

辐射在黑洞视界附近的性质与热力学第二定律

考虑把一个装满某种内能为E,熵为S的物质的盒子缓慢地向黑洞降落,Bekenstein认为热力学第二定律成立的必要条件为S/E≤2πR(R为盒子的有效半径),而Unruh和Wald认为Hawking辐射的存在保证了广义热力学第二定律的成立,无需条件S/E≤2πR。我们指出:Hawking辐射和S/E≤2πR都无法保证热力学第二定律的成立。我们根据充分的理由提出:引力场会影响物质的态方程。当盒子中装的为辐射时,我们得出了辐射在视界附近时的态方程,它和平直时空的辐射的态方程很不一样。只要将方程中的某个参量加上适当的限制,即可保证热力学第二定律的成立。 关键词：     

一种体积物态方程物理基础的讨论

 对体积物态方程v-v_c=(R/p)(h-h_c)的物理基础进行了讨论。给出了该方程的一个统计力学形式证明,从而给出了方程中物质参数的微观定义,亦即给出了该方程的具体表达式。在R=R(p)假设下,给出了方程中物质参数的热力学表达式,通过分析其与Debye理论下的对应态定律的一致性,证明了该假设的近似合理性,从而也就证明了该方程的成立并不受其建立时所依据的定压比热为常数这一过强条件的限制。进一步地,通过与物质参数热力学表达式常压实验值的比较,指出了单纯的R=R(p)假定存在一定的局限,该局限引起的偏差随温度的升高而增大,在常压下的高温区间,该偏差在20%左右。     

Structure of liquid solutions near the critical point

Specific features of the structure of the critical state of binary liquid solutions leading to an anomalous behavior of the Rayleigh line due to a dramatic increase in concentration and density fluctuations are considered. It is shown that an experimental treatment must deal with two fluctuation regions near the critical point of solvent vaporization. In the first region, one can achieve a sufficient degree of accuracy by using theories like self-consistent field theory. In the second region, which is closer to the critical point than the first region, scaling theory of second-order phase transitions may be applied. It is found that the anomalous behavior of the Rayleigh line associated with kinetic coefficients is determined by the equilibrium thermodynamic properties and by the radius of fluctuation correlation (r_c). A general theory is developed for calculating thermodynamic potentials, especially the chemical potential and its concentration derivative in the fluctuation region. The results of these calculations are compared with the experimental data briefly described in the paper. Translated fromZhurnal Struktumoi Khimii, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 655–668, July–August, 1998.