水下复合层吸声结构中反向声能与振动能量传输的研究

本文对文献[1，2]所讨论的水下复合层吸声结构中能量的反向传输送行了研究．利用多层结构的传递矩阵求逆．导出声能和振动能的反向传输关系，给出传递损失．数值计算分析了结构的各层参数变化对能量传递损失的影响．     

水下复合层吸声结构中反向声能与振动能量传输的研究

本文对文献「１，２」所讨论了水下复合层吸声结构中能量的反向传输进行了研究。利用多层结构的文献矩阵求逆，导出声能和振动能的反向传输关系，给出传递损失。数值计算分析了结构的各层参数变化对能量传递损失的影响。     

非均匀波导中的最大声能流透射及鲁棒性分析

以变截面含可穿透散射体波导为模型,理论研究声波在非均匀波导中的最大透射问题.通过耦合简正波理论构建模态域内透射矩阵和水平波数矩阵,推导透射波能流的具体表达式,分析任意入射波的能流透射率随频率的变化,进而讨论任意给定频率下能够产生最大能流透射率的最佳入射波,并给出数组全透射声场算例.最佳入射波仅由可传播模态决定,与衰逝模态无关.利用衰逝模态不携带能流的特性,讨论衰逝模态对产生能流最大透射声场的影响,并分析最大能流透射的鲁棒性.在频率满足一定条件时,全透射声场可能表现出完美鲁棒性.文中所述方法可延伸至多种非均匀波导以分析其中的能流最大透射问题.     

斜平板线内TEM波的场结构及平板倾斜角度对其传输性能的影响

通过求解拉普拉斯方程,研究斜平板传输线内TEM波的场结构并进行仿真,讨论平板倾斜角度对其传输性能的影响,并将其特性阻抗数值与平行平板传输线的情况予以比较,得到其特性阻抗随平板倾斜角度增大的结论.研究结论对定量计算实际生产中出现的工艺偏差,提高平板传输线的质量,具有一定的参考价值.     

光在两层平板介质中传输的时域P3方程

生物表面组织是多层介质,目前只有光在单层介质中传输的P3方程,本文给出了光在两层平板介质中传播的P3方程的时域解,编写蒙特卡罗模拟进行验证。结果表明P3时域方程与蒙特卡罗模拟符合很好,说明双层平板介质的P3方程正确地反映了光子在介质中的迁移。与扩散时域方程相比,在峰值位置附近,P3时域方程测量的反射率和透射率更加准确,在远离峰值时,P3方程与扩散方程结果一致。双层平板介质的P3时域方程扩展了P3方程的应用范围,可以替代扩散方程,也可以代替单层平板介质的P3方程,可以更好地研究光在生物组织中的传播过程。     

带旁通的管道中的声能流及传声损失Ⅱ：实验研究

实验证实了具有不同的旁通管长度及旁通面积的管道中传声损失及声能流的理论分析结果;对于单频噪声,三分之一倍频噪声及白噪声均有较好的降噪量,且降噪频带较宽。本文提出的\     

多层网格法在分离流计算中的应用

文中应用多层网格法计算圆柱绕流,获得了流体的分离现象。文中采用MAC类型的一个分裂格式,推导和给出了固壁处的压力边界条件,用插值法给出了对称面处速度的边界条件,对这些条件都进行了试算和比较。为了更好的计算分离流,我们令z=1nr,使网格步长在r方向以指数形式增长,这就大量地节省了总网格数。文中也用多层网格法来选取微分方程的初值,节省了总的计算时间。最后在文中给出了计算结果和计算机打印的流线图。     

一种高功率三平板传输线电压测量探头的设计

 为测量高功率水介质三平板传输线的电压,设计、标定了一种D-dot探头,安装在三平板线的入口和出口处,探头感应脉冲电压的微分信号。探头与基座之间的绝缘层为浇注的环氧树脂,可以在满足密封去离子水的要求下,使探头对地电容较小,从而获得良好的高频响应。利用ANSYS对探头结构进行了优化设计,使三相点位置的电场强度得到有效降低。使用经线下标定过的电阻分压器进行标定。实验中采用电容器放电,用一段高压电缆作为脉冲形成线获得逐级上升的快前沿（约70 ns）电压脉冲,并将之作为标定信号源,标定得到三平板线入口、出口探头的灵敏度分别为386 kV/V和402 kV/V。探头测量结果与电路模拟结果一致。在三平板线耐压实验中,板线出口电压达到了3.1 MV,探头的绝缘结构设计能够满足要求。实验结果表明该探头适合高功率三平板传输线电压的测量。     

高斯光束计算平板波导自由传输区远场分布及其修正

对近轴近似条件下求解亥姆霍兹方程得到的高斯光束显式传播公式做了分析，同时，基于基尔霍夫衍射理论，在菲涅耳近似的条件下给出了相应的高斯光束在远场的传播公式，在此基础上，对近轴近似条件做出了定量分析，给出了这个近似条件引入的误差，提出了一种计算高斯光束远场分布的修正方法，并采用有限差分-光束传播方法(FD-BPM)来检验各种方法的准确性。把这种修正方法应用到平面光集成波导器件，如阵列波导光栅(AWG)、蚀刻衍射光栅(EDG)等器件的设计和模拟中，可以大大降低工作的复杂性，同时可以得到精确的结果。     

等离子体辅助平板波导的传输特性及应用研究

如何灵活地控制和操纵太赫波是目前研究的热点. 根据电磁波传输理论, 导出了等离子体辅助平板波导的场分布和色散关系表达式, 计算了其传输特性, 并通过全波仿真进行了证实. 结果表明, 等离子体辅助平板波导具有带阻特性, 上边带截止频率等于等离子体频率, 等离子体层越薄, 下边带截止频率越高, 带宽越窄; 阻带内存在两种不同的物理机理, 一种与等离子体和中间媒质的谐振耦合有关, 另一种与表面波的形成有关. 此外, 本文还研究了等离子体频率及碰撞频率对传输特性的影响, 提出了通过改变等离子体频率调谐平板波导滤波器特性的方法. 同时, 采用褶皱金属结构实现了等离子体层, 设计了平板波导传感模型, 通过改变凹槽内的材料的介电常数仿真了其传感特性, 结果表明当材料的介电常数变化0.1%时, 平均截止频率变化1.8 GHz; 通过检测截止频率的变化, 传感器能明显分辨氮、汽油、液态石蜡、甘油和水, 证实了其优良的太赫传感特性. 这项工作对研究太赫波的传输及太赫器件的设计和制备具有指导意义.     

Unidirectional acoustic transmission in asymmetric bull’s eye structure

Unidirectional acoustic transmission has been investigated in an asymmetric bull's eye structure, which consistes of a subwavelength hole with concentric grooves on one side of a thin steel plate. When acoustic waves impinge normally on the groove side of the asymmetric structure, a strong acoustic transmitted energy flux is observed in the frequency range of 400–450 k Hz, while there is no obvious transmitted energy flux in the same frequency range if the acoustic waves impinge normally on the other side. Thus, a remarkable unidirectional acoustic transmission behavior is exhibited by the current structure. With changing the period of the grooves, it is found that the transmitted acoustic energy flux keeps unchanged while the frequency of the transmitted waves can be modified. The experiments are performed, which has confirmed the unidirectional acoustic transmission behavior in the asymmetric bull's eye structure. The asymmetric bull's eye structure may have potential application in ultrasound diagnosis and therapy.     

Energy flow model considering near field energy for predictions of acoustic energy in low damping medium

The Acoustic Energy Flow Boundary Element Method (AEFBEM) is developed to predict the acoustic energy density and intensity of an engineering system. Up to now, the acoustic energy flow model has been used only for analysis of high frequencies or radiation noise because of plane wave and far-field assumptions. In this research, a new energy flow governing equation that can consider the near field acoustic energy term and spherical wave characteristics is derived successfully to predict the acoustic energy density and intensity of a system in the medium-to-high frequency range. A near field term of acoustic energy in spherical coordinate is added to the relationship between energy density and energy flow. But with the far-field assumption, this term vanishes, so the relationship between energy density and energy flow becomes the same as that of the plane wave. By considering the near field energy term without far-field assumption, the energy density at medium frequencies can be estimated. However, the governing equation has to be numerically manipulated for use in the analysis of complex structures; therefore, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) is implemented. AEFBEM is a numerical analysis method formulated by applying the boundary element method to an acoustic energy flow governing equation. It is very powerful in predicting the acoustic energy density and intensity of complex structures in medium-to-high frequency ranges, and can analyze interior noise and radiating sound. To verify its validity, several numerical results are provided. BEM and AEFBEM were compared with respect to energy density, and the results from both methods were similar.     

Using streamlines to visualize acoustic energy flow across boundaries

For spherical waves that radiate from a point source in a homogeneous fluid and propagate across a plane boundary into a dissimilar homogeneous fluid, the acoustic field may differ significantly from the geometric acoustic approximation if either the source or receiver is near the interface (in acoustic wavelengths) or if the stationary phase path is near the critical angle. In such cases, the entire acoustic field must be considered, including inhomogeneous waves associated with diffraction (i.e., those components that vanish with increasing frequency). The energy flow from a continuous-wave monopole point source across the boundary is visualized by tracing acoustic streamlines: those curves whose tangent at every point is parallel to the local acoustic intensity vector, averaged over a wave cycle. It is seen that the acoustic energy flow is not always in line with the "Snell's law" or stationary phase path. Also, plots of acoustic energy streamlines do not display unusual behavior in the vicinity of the critical angle. Finally, it is shown that there exists a law of refraction of acoustic energy streamlines at boundaries with density discontinuities analogous to Snell's law of refraction of ray paths across sound speed discontinuities. Examples include water-to-seabed transmission and water-to-air transmission.     

可激发气体分子声弛豫过程振动模式能量转移速率计算

研究可激发气体中振动模式能量转移速率和声弛豫过程形成的关系,将单一气体Tanczos弛豫方程理论[J.Chem.Phys.25,439(1956)]扩展应用于混合气体中振动模式的振动-振动(V-V)和振动-平动(V-T)能量转移速率的计算。在室温下CO₂,CH₄,CL₂,N₂和O₂组成的多种混合气体中,振动模式能量转移速率的计算结果表明:对于多个振动模式所形成的声复合弛豫过程,各振动模式的声激发能可由V-V能量转移相互耦合后传递给具有最快V-T转移速率的最低振动频率振动模式,再通过该振动模式的V-T转移退激发形成主弛豫过程。这种选择最快转移路径的声激发量弛豫方式,造成了大多数可激发气体中声弛豫吸收谱的实测数据只存在一个吸收峰的现象。从而提供了一个可通过计算微观振动能量转移速率分析混合气体声弛豫过程形成机理的理论模型。     

Calculation of vibrational energy transition rates in acoustic relaxation processes for excitable gas molecules

To research the correlation between vibrational energy transition rates and acoustic relaxation processes in excitable gases, the vibrational relaxation theory provided by Tanczos [J.Chem. Phys. 25, 439(1956)] is applied to calculate the energy transition rates of VibrationalVibrational(V-V) and Vibrational-Translational(V-T) energy transfer in gas mixtures. The results of calculation for the multi-relaxation processes in various gas mixtures, consisting of carbon dioxide, methane, chlorine, nitrogen, and oxygen at room temperature, demonstrate that the acoustic energy stagnated in every vibrational mode is coupled with each other through V-V energy exchanges. The vibrational excitation energy will relax through the V-T de-excitation path of the lowest mode because of its fastest V-T transition rate, resulting in that only one absorption peak can be measured for most of excitable gas mixtures. Thus, an effective model is provided to analyze how the vibrational energy transition rates affect the characteristics of acoustic relaxation processes and acoustic propagation in excitable gas mixtures.     

复材结构刚度与隔声量的计算及参数优化

论文旨在满足结构刚度指标的前提下最大程度地提高复合材料(以下简称"复材")结构的隔声性能。首先针对复材结构进行刚度分析,在铺层数和铺层比例不变的前提下,分析不同铺层构型对结构刚度的影响。然后利用统计能量分析法,确定铺层角度对结构隔声性能的影响,并与试验结果进行对比验证模型的有效性。最后以铺设在复材壁板上的隔音棉厚度和密度为两个优化参数,分析不同厚度和密度的隔音棉的插入损失,并进行参数最优化分析,寻找最佳组合方式。得出结论:不同铺设角度顺序对复材整体结构的弯曲刚度和吻合效应频率有影响,在相同尺寸和边界条件下,构型1屈曲稳定性承载能力较强,隔声效果最好,铺层方式最优;隔音棉密度对插入损失影响较小,而隔音棉厚度对插入损失影响较大。论文选取的隔音棉密度和厚度已经使壁板、隔音棉及内饰板的组合结构隔声量达到了收敛状态,是最优化的组合设计。     

Experimental investigation of conical bubble structure and acoustic flow structure in ultrasonic field

The objective of this paper is to investigate the transient conical bubble structure (CBS) and acoustic flow structure in ultrasonic field. In the experiment, the high-speed video and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques are used to measure the acoustic cavitation patterns, as well as the flow velocity and vorticity fields. Results are presented for a high power ultrasound with a frequency of 18 kHz, and the range of the input power is from 50 W to 250 W. The results of the experiment show the input power significantly affects the structures of CBS, with the increase of input power, the cavity region of CBS and the velocity of bubbles increase evidently. For the transient motion of bubbles on radiating surface, two different types could be classified, namely the formation, aggregation and coalescence of cavitation bubbles, and the aggregation, shrink, expansion and collapse of bubble cluster. Furthermore, the thickness of turbulent boundary layer near the sonotrode region is found to be much thicker, and the turbulent intensities are much higher for relatively higher input power. The vorticity distribution is prominently affected by the spatial position and input power.     

Calculation of acoustic energy trapping in resonators based on isotropic and nanoceramic materials

The problem of acoustic energy trapping in a microwave resonator structure operating on the basis of acoustic waves and containing a relatively thick nanoceramic plate, which has a piezoelectric film with electrodes on its surface, is solved. For a composite resonator structure made on the basis of isotropic substrates and nanoceramics, formulas are derived that allow one to choose the thicknesses of its layers to obtain a high Q factor at a desired frequency.     

Measurements of energy exchange between acoustic fields and non-uniform steady flow fields

This paper describes an experimental investigation of interactions between acoustic waves and a non-uniform steady flow field. Data have been obtained for a resonance tube having a vent at the center in the lateral boundary, an average flow being introduced at the ends. Experiments have been done for both circular and slot vents, over ranges of both frequency and Mach number. According to the one- dimensional linear stability analysis, the interactions between the longitudinal acoustic field and the mean flow in the vicinity of the vent cause a net transfer of acoustic energy from the average flow to the acoustic field. This result has been verified by the experiments reported here. The gain of energy measured is less than that deduced from a one-dimensional analysis.