Generating a New Higher-Dimensional Coupled Integrable Dispersionless System: Algebraic Structures,Bäcklund Transformation and Hidden Structural Symmetries

The prolongation structure methodologies of Wahlquist-Estabrook [H.D. Wahlquist and F.B. Estabrook, {J. Math. Phys.} 16 (1975) 1] for nonlinear differential equations are applied to a more general set of coupled integrable dispersionless system. Based on the obtained prolongation structure, a Lie-Algebra valued connection of a closed ideal of exterior differential forms related to the above system is constructed. A Lie-Algebra representation of some hidden structural symmetries of the previous system, its Bäcklund transformation using the Riccati form of the linear eigenvalue problem and their general corresponding Lax-representation are derived. In the wake of the previous results, we extend the above prolongation scheme to higher-dimensional systems from which a new (2+1)-dimensional coupled integrable dispersionless system is unveiled along with its inverse scattering formulation, which applications are straightforward in nonlinear optics where additional propagating dimension deserves some attention.     

Generalized Wronskian Solutions to Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equation via Its Bäcklund Transformation

In the paper we discuss the Wronskian solutions of modified Korteweg-de Vries equation (mKdV) via the Bäcklund transformation (BT) and a generalized Wronskian condition is given, which allows us to substitute an arbitrary coefficient matrix in the G_N(t) for the original diagonal one.     

Bcklund Transformations and Solutions of a Generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili Equation

In this paper,the bilinear form of a generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation is obtained by applying the binary Bell polynomials.The N-soliton solution and one periodic wave solution are presented by use of the Hirota direct method and the Riemann theta function,respectively.And then the asymptotic analysis demonstrates one periodic wave solution can be reduced to one soliton solution.In the end,the bilinear Bcklund transformations are derived.     

Baecklund Transformations for the Initial Problems of Nizhnich and Nizhnich－Novikov－Veselov Equations

The homogeneous balance method is a method for solving genera/partial differential equations (PDEs). In this paper we solve a kind of initial problems of the PDEs by using the special Baecklund transformations of the initial problem. The basic Fourier transformation method and some variable-separation skill are used as auxiliaries. Two initial problems of Nizlmich and the Nizlanich-Novikov-Veselov equations are solved by using this approach.     

Bäcklund Transformation and Multisoliton Solutions in Terms of Wronskian Determinant for (2+1)-Dimensional Breaking Soliton Equations with Symbolic Computation

In this paper, two types of the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equations are investigated, which describe the interactions of the Riemann waves with the long waves. With symbolic computation, the Hirota bilinear forms and Bäcklund transformations are derived for those two systems. Furthermore, multisoliton solutions in terms of the Wronskian determinant are constructed, which are verified through the direct substitution of the solutions into the bilinear equations. Via the Wronskian technique, it is proved that theBäcklund transformations obtained are the ones between the (N-1)- and N-soliton solutions. Propagations and interactions of the kink-/bell-shaped solitons are presented. It is shown that the Riemann waves possess the solitonic properties, and maintain the amplitudes and velocities in the collisions only with some phase shifts.     

Perturbation,symmetry analysis,Bäcklund and reciprocal transformation for the extended Boussinesq equation in fluid mechanics

In this work, we study a generalized double dispersion Boussinesq equation that plays a significant role in fluid mechanics, scientific fields, and ocean engineering. This equation will be reduced to the Korteweg–de Vries equation via using the perturbation analysis. We derive the corresponding vectors, symmetry reduction and explicit solutions for this equation. We readily obtain B?cklund transformation associated with truncated Painlevéexpansion. We also examine the related conservation laws of this equation via using the multiplier method. Moreover, we investigate the reciprocal B?cklund transformations of the derived conservation laws for the first time.     

New Bilinear Bäcklund Transformation and Higher Order Rogue Waves with Controllable Center of a Generalized (3+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Wave Equation

In this paper, we first obtain a bilinear form with small perturbation u_0 for a generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation in liquid with gas bubbles. Based on that, a new bilinear B?cklund transformation which consists of four bilinear equations and involves seven arbitrary parameters is constructed. After that, by applying a new symbolic computation method, we construct the higher order rogue waves with controllable center to the generalized(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear wave equation. The rogue waves present new structure, which contain two free parametersα and β. The dynamic properties of the higher order rogue waves are demonstrated graphically. The graphs tell that the parameters α and β can control the center of the rogue waves.     

Lie Symmetry Analysis,Bäcklund Transformations and Exact Solutions to (2+1)-Dimensional Burgers' Types of Equations

This paper is concerned with the (2+1)-dimensional Burgers' and heat types of equations. All of the geometic vector fields of the equations are obtained, an optimal system of the equation is presented. Especially, the Bäcklund transformations (BTs) for the Burgers' equations are constructed based on the symmetry. Then, all of the symmetry reductions are provided in terms of the optimal system method, and the exact explicit solutions are investigated by the symmetry reductions and Bäcklund transformations.     

Bäcklund Transformat ion and Mult isoliton-Like Solutions for (2+1)-Dimensional Dispersive Long Wave Equations

A Bäcklund transformation of the (2+1)-dimensional dispersive long wave equations is derived by using the developed homogeneous balance method. by means of the Bäcklund transformation, the new multisoliton-like solution and other two types of exact solutions to these equations are constructed.     

Linear problems and Bäcklund transformations for the Hirota-Ohta system

The auxiliary linear problems are presented for all discretization levels of the Hirota-Ohta system. The structure of these linear problems coincides essentially with the structure of Nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy. The squared eigenfunction constraints are found which relate Hirota-Ohta and Kulish-Sklyanin vectorial NLS hierarchies.     

A Bäcklund transformation between two integrable discrete hungry systems

The discrete hungry Toda (dhToda) equation and the discrete hungry Lotka-Volterra (dhLV) system are known as integrable discrete hungry systems. In this Letter, through finding the LR transformations associated with the dhToda equation and the dhLV system, we present a Bäcklund transformation between these integrable systems.     

Bilinear forms through the binary Bell polynomials,N solitons and Bäcklund transformations of the Boussinesq–Burgers system for the shallow water waves in a lake or near an ocean beach

Water waves are one of the most common phenomena in nature, the studies of which help energy development, marine/offshore engineering, hydraulic engineering, mechanical engineering, etc. Hereby, symbolic computation is performed on the Boussinesq–Burgers system for shallow water waves in a lake or near an ocean beach. For the water-wave horizontal velocity and height of the water surface above the bottom, two sets of the bilinear forms through the binary Bell polynomials and N-soliton solutions are worked out, while two auto-Bäcklund transformations are constructed together with the solitonic solutions, where N is a positive integer. Our bilinear forms, N-soliton solutions and Bäcklund transformations are different from those in the existing literature. All of our results are dependent on the water-wave dispersive power.     

Multi-soliton solutions and a Bäcklund transformation for a generalized variable-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with symbolic computation

In this paper, by virtue of symbolic computation, the investigation is made on a generalized variable-coefficient higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with varying higher-order effects and gain or loss, which can describe the femtosecond optical pulse propagation in a monomode dielectric waveguide. A modified dependent variable transformation is introduced into the bilinear method to transform such an equation into a variable-coefficient bilinear form. Based on the formal parameter expansion technique, the multi-soliton solutions of this equation are obtained through the bilinear form under sets of parametric constraints. A Bäcklund transformation in bilinear form is also obtained for the first time in this paper. Finally, discussions on the analytic soliton solutions are given and various propagation situations are illustrated.     

Fission and Fusion of Localized Coherent Structures for a Higher-Order Broer-Kaup System

Starting from a Bäcklund transformation and taking a special ansatz for the function f, we can obtain a much more general expression of solution that includes some variable separated functions for the higher-order Broer-Kaup system. From this expression, we investigate the interactions of localized coherent structures such as the multi-solitonic excitations and find the novel phenomenon that their interactions have non-elastic behavior because the fission/fusion may occur after the interaction of each localized coherent structure.     

Integrability of auto-Bäcklund transformations and solutions of a torqued ABS equation

An auto-Bäcklund transformation for the quad equation Q1₁ is considered as a discrete equation, called H2^a, which is a so called torqued version of H2. The equations H2^a and Q1₁ compose a consistent cube, from which an auto-Bäcklund transformation and a Lax pair for H2^a are obtained. More generally it is shown that auto-Bäcklund transformations admit auto-Bäcklund transformations. Using the auto-Bäcklund transformation for H2^a we derive a seed solution and a one-soliton solution. From this solution it is seen that H2^a is a semi-autonomous lattice equation, as the spacing parameter q depends on m but it disappears from the plane wave factor.     

Rational Solutions with Non-zero Asymptotics of the Modified Korteweg-de Vries Equation

Using the relation between the mKdV equation and the KdV-mKdV equation, we derive non-singular rational solutions for the mKdV equation. The solutions are given in terms of Wronskians. Dynamics of some solutions is investigated by means of asymptotic analysis. Wave trajectories of high order rational solutions are asymptotically governed by cubic curves.     

Solitons on a Periodic Wave Background of the Modified KdV-Sine-Gordon Equation

The Bäcklund transformation(BT) of the mKdV-sG equation is constructed by introducing a new transformation. Infinitely many nonlocal symmetries are obtained in terms of its BT. The soliton-periodic wave interaction solutions are explicitly derived by the classical Lie-group reduction method. Particularly, some special concrete soliton and periodic wave interaction solutions and their behaviours are discussed both in analytical and graphical ways.     

New Exact Solution of (N+1)-Dimensional Burgers System

In this letter, using a Bäcklund transformation and the new variable separation approach, we find a new general solution of the (N+1)-dimensional Burgers system. The form of the universal formula obtained from many (2+1)-dimensional system is extended.     

Conditional Lie-Bäcklund Symmetry and New Variable Separation Solutions of the Third Order KdV-Type Equations

The functionally generalized variable separation solutions of a general KdV-type equations u_t=u_xxx + A(u, u_x)u_xx + B(u, u_x) are investigated by developing the conditional Lie-Bäcklund symmetry method. A complete classification of the considered equations, which admit multi-dimensional invariant subspaces governed by higher-order conditional Lie-Bäcklund symmetries, is presented. As a result, several concrete examples are provided to construct functionally generalized variable separation solutions of some resulting equations.