熔盐电解LiCl-KCl-AlCl3-La2O3共析出制备Al-Li-La合金

研究了LiCl-KCl-AlCl3-La2O3熔盐体系中共析出制备Al-Li-La合金的可行性。研究表明,在LiCl-KCl熔盐中,AlCl3将La2O3氯化为LaCl3,使电解制备Al-Li-La合金顺利进行。借助循环伏安法对熔盐体系的电化学行为进行分析发现,对质量比为45∶45∶5∶2的LiCl-KCl-AlCl3-La2O3熔盐,当阴极电流密度大于0.25 A/cm2,可以实现Al、Li和La的共析出。通过研究电解温度、阴极电流密度和电解时间对合金组成的影响,得到了较佳的电解参数:电解温度650℃,在LiCl-KCl混合熔盐中加入质量分数为5%的AlCl3和2%的La2O3,阴极电流密度12.5 A/cm2,电解时间1 h。X射线衍射对合金分析测试表明,合金主要由Al2La和βLi组成。     

NaCl-KCl熔盐体系中AlF3氟化Tb4O7电化学制备Al-Tb合金

在NaCl-KCl-Tb₄O₇-AlF₃体系中为了制备Al-Tb合金,首先对熔盐中的上清液和沉淀物进行了分析,X射线衍射（XRD）结果确定了Tb₄O₇能被AlF₃氟化生成TbF₃。采用一系列的电化学方法对NaCl-KCl-AlF₃-Tb₄O₇体系在Mo电极上的电化学行为进行了研究。循环伏安、方波伏安、计时电位和开路计时电位等电化学方法的研究结果表明Tb（III）在预先沉积的Al电极上发生欠电位沉积。在不同条件下进行恒电流电解制备了Al-Tb合金,并对所得合金样品进行XRD和扫描电镜-能量散射谱（SEM-EDS）表征。结果表明在-2.5 A进行恒电流电解得到的Al-Tb合金是由Al和Al₃Tb两相组成。采用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱仪（ICP-AES）对实验所得沉积物的组成进行分析,研究了电解条件对合金组成和电流效率的影响。在电流强度为-1.5 A进行恒电流电解2 h,电流效率可达76.5%。     

锰叶绿素的形成和伏安行为

锰叶绿素的形成和伏安行为乔庆东（抚顺石油学院应用化学系,抚顺１１３００１）叶绿素广泛存在于绿色植物中,在光合作用中发挥着重要的生理功能￣［１］．锰离子是植物生长中必需的金属离子之一,与植物的光化学析氧反应有密切关系￣［２］。系统地研究叶绿素和金属叶绿...     

Electrochemical studies of biologically active indolizines

The electrochemical behavior of indolizine ethers, esters, tosylates, sulfonates and other indolizine and azaindolizine derivatives has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry and preparative electrolysis. The cyclic voltammetric data show that the E° values, taken as the midpoints between the anodic and cathodic peak potentials, are sensitive to the identities of the substituents at C-1, C-2 and C-7 positions. The E° values have been correlated with the Hammett substituent parameters. As expected, low E° values are seen for electron donating substituents and higher E° values are seen for electron withdrawing substituents. The cyclic voltammograms of indolizine derivatives with an oxygen atom connected to the C-1 position exhibit a one-electron reversible oxidation and a further, less well-defined, one-electron irreversible oxidation at higher E° values. The cyclic voltammograms of indolizines with hydrogen atom or thienyl substituents connected to the C-1 position exhibit only a one-electron irreversible oxidation. Electrochemical bulk oxidations of indolizines with an oxygen atom at the C-1 position afforded oxoindolizinium salts in decent yields, whereas indolizines with a hydrogen atom at C-1 afforded 1,1′ dimers of indolizines as products in good yields. Bulk oxidation of 1-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-diphenylindolizine-7-carbonitrile afforded an unexpected ketone product in which the carbonyl group of the indolizine is connected at C-8 instead of at the C-1 position of the starting material. The findings described herein support our hypothesis that certain indolizine derivatives may inhibit lipid peroxidation by an electron transfer mechanism.     

对甲苯磺酸铜的电化学表征

合成了对甲苯磺酸铜,用X光单晶衍射确定了其结构.实验结果表明,该盐容易脱除全部结晶水,在空气中不潮解.分别测定了对甲苯磺酸铜(Cu(p-OTs)2)在H2O、CH3OH和DMF中的电化学参数.实验结果表明Cu(p-OTs)2在不同溶剂中的反应机理各异. Cu(II)的电化学还原在H2O中是分两步进行,而在CH3OH和DMF中的电化学还原是一步两电子过程.对实验结果进行了分析讨论.     

KCl-LiCl-MgCl2熔盐体系中共电沉积制备Mg-Li合金及理论分析

在670 ℃的KCl-LiCl-MgCl₂熔盐体系中通过共电沉积方法制备了Mg-Li合金,并进行了理论分析。循环伏安表明：670 ℃时,锂在镁上(镁预先沉积到钼丝上)的欠电位沉积形成了液态的Mg-Li合金;当MgCl₂质量分数为10%时,出现了Mg-Li合金成核。极化曲线表明：在含有5% MgCl₂的熔盐中,MgCl₂的极限电流密度为0.35 A·cm^-2,超过此值时,Mg和Li就能产生共电沉积。对沉积物进行X射线衍射和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)分析表明：通过恒电流电解得到了3种不同相的Mg-Li合金。在电流密度为6.21 A·cm^-2电解2 h条件下,只有当MgCl₂质量分数小于10%时,才能得到Mg-Li合金。并通过Nernst和浓差极化方程讨论了MgCl₂浓度对于Mg-Li合金形成的影响。Mg-Li合金中锂的含量能够通过熔盐中的MgCl₂浓度配比和电解参数来控制。实验证明这种直接从原料入手,通过共电沉积制备Mg-Li合金的新方法是可行的。     

Electrochemical Synthesis and Research of Two Polymers Composed of Alternate Carbazole and Thiophene Units

Two organic conjugated molecules composed of central carbazole and bithiophene groups were prepared via the Stille coupling reaction, conductive polymers were prepared by elec-trochemical method. Structure and photoelectric research of polymers were investigated. ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR of molecules were consistent with the theorical results, FT-IR showed electrochemical polymeric site were α-position of thiophene units. The smooth morphology and distributed holes were beneficial to improve the electrical conductivity by SEM. When applied voltage was from -0.1 V to 1.2 V, both of the polymer films P1 and P2 showed good electrochromic performances. Compared with P1, P2 had better electrochemical stability and thermal stability due to the better coplanarity by repeated cyclic voltammograms and TGA. The P2 was a promising material in the electrochemical field, meanwhile, it showed that the monomer structure had greatly impact on the performance of polymer.     

石榴石型固态电解质/铝锂合金界面构筑及电化学性能

本文通过在锂负极中熔入少量铝制备了一种含Al-Li合金（Al₄Li₉）的新型复合锂负极,可有效改善Garnet/金属锂界面润湿性,从而显著降低了界面阻抗. XRD研究结果表明这一复合锂负极由Al₄Li₉合金和金属锂两相复合而成. SEM研究表明,复合锂负极可以有效改善金属锂与Garnet电解质的界面接触,形成更为紧密的接触界面. 电化学测试表明,复合锂负极显著降低了金属锂与Garnet电解质的界面阻抗,界面阻抗由锂/Garnet电解质界面的740.6 Ω·cm ²降低到复合锂负极/Garnet电解质界面的75.0 Ω·cm ². 使用复合锂负极制备的对称电池在50 μA·cm ^-2和100 μA·cm ^-2电流密度锂沉积-溶出过程中表现出较低的极化和良好的循环稳定性,在50 μA·cm ^-2电流密度下,可以稳定循环超过400小时.     

杂质及铈作用下铝锂合金的应力集中敏感性

建立了评价铝锂合金应力集中敏感性的缺口敏感因子,通过测定薄板法拉伸性能,求出了不同元素及杂质含量的铝锂合金缺口敏感因子,Fe,Si,Na,K杂质均明显地增加2090及8090合金的应力集中敏感性,铈能够在一定程度上降低具有较高强度水平的合金应力集中敏感性,但在塑性水平较高的1420合金中,铈添加量超过一定限度后,反而会显著提高材料的应力集中敏感性,相对于普通铝合金,铝锂合金的应力集中敏感性一般处于较高水平,这个问题在此对类合金的实际研究中应给予充分注意。     

维生素K3电化学反应机理的红外光谱电化学研究

用循环信安法及现场红外光谱电化学法研究了维生素Ｋ３在铂电极上,弱碱性水溶液介质中的电化学反应机理。循环伏安法实验结果显示ＶＫ３的电反应为两步电子准可逆电极过程,现场光谱电化学实验结果则从基团特征吸收频率的变化表明了ＶＫ３的电化学还原和氧化经历了从萘醌到萘酚的互变过程。据此进一步证实了ＶＫ３由萘醌到酚的电化学反应机理。     

钯镍合金在玻碳电极上电结晶机理

在钯镍合金电解液中, 采用循环伏安和计时安培实验方法, 运用Scharifker和Hills模型、Heerman和Tarallo模型揭示钯镍合金的成核机理. 结果表明, 钯镍合金在玻碳电极上发生成核过程. Scharifker和Hills模型分析表明, 钯镍合金更符合扩散控制下的三维生长的连续成核机理. 借助于Heerman和Tarallo模型, 拟合得到钯镍合金的成核和生长的动力学参数. 拟合结果显示, 电位阶跃从-0.85 V负移至-0.92 V (vs SCE), 钯镍合金在玻碳电极上的成核速率从0.83 s^-1增加到7.71 s^-1, 成核密度数从2.77×10⁴ cm^-2提高至7.09×10⁴ cm^-2.     

铝锂合金中铈与杂质含量对延伸率及再结晶的作用

研究了铈及有害杂质含量对２０９０及８０９０铝锂合金薄板延伸率和再结晶状态的影响，得出了再结晶组织参数与板材横向延伸率之间的关系。Ｃｅ的微合金化作用在含一定量Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ杂质的２０９０合金和含一定量Ｎａ、Ｋ杂质的８０９０合金中表现得比较明显，当各种杂质共存且含量较高时，Ｃｅ对８０９０合金的延伸率仍有一定的有利作用。随Ｃｅ及杂质含量变化，若两类合金的再结晶体积、粗晶体积及晶粒平均宽度增加，则其延伸率下降，随晶粒长宽比增加，２０９０合金的延伸率增加而８０９０合金的延伸率下降。     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Some 1H-3-Methyl-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-(benzylidenehydrazino)pyrazoles

Summary. 1H-3-Methyl-4-ethoxycarbonyl-5-(benzylidenehydrazino)pyrazoles are key intermediates in obtaining various heterocyclic systems including pyrazolotriazoles. We present the voltammetric behavior of these compounds in nonaqueous media, with the following para substituents grafted on the benzene ring: –N(CH₃)₂, –OH, –OCH₃, –F, –Cl, –CF₃, –NO₂, as well as of the novel compounds with –Br, –I, and –SCH₃ in the para position, in order to elucidate the influence of the various substituents on the mechanism of anodic oxidation.     

微电极定量方法评价贮氢合金的电化学性质

本文介绍了评价贮氢合金电化学性能的粉末微电极定量方法，贮氢合金粉末微电极的电极厚度和半径仅几十微米，材料用量约几微克，从而降低了欧姆极化和液相浓度极化，排除了粘结剂等电极工艺对性能的影响。     

Electrochemical Approach to the Radical Anion Formation from 2′‐Hydroxy Chalcone Derivatives

Three 2′‐hydroxy chalcone derivatives were electrochemically reduced to the radical anion by a reversible one‐electron transfer followed by a chemical dimerization reaction. Under suitable conditions of the medium, the one‐electron reduction produces very well resolved cyclic voltammograms due to the formation of the radical anion. By using appropriately the wide versatility of the cyclic voltammetric technique, was possible to study the generation of the radical anion and its stability.     

Electrochemical Investigation of Metal-Free and Nickel-Containing Porphyrazines Carrying Eight Tosylaminoethylthia Groups

Summary.  In this study, the electrochemical properties of metal-free and nickel-containing porphyrazines with eight tosylaminoethylthia groups were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, double potential step chronoamperometry, double potential step chronocoulometry, and controlled potential coulometry. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that both compounds exhibit two quasi-reversible and an irreversible reduction waves. The first electron transfer reaction was followed by an irreversible chemical reaction, the second one by a reversible chemical reaction for both species. The electrode processes of metal-free and nickel-containing porphyrazines are diffusion controlled, but the double potential step chronocoulometry measurements indicated that the nickel porphyrazine is adsorbed at the electrode. However, a small adsorption current has no significant effect on the mass transport mechanism of the system. Diffusion coefficients of both compounds were determined by both cyclic voltammetric and chronocoulometric measurements. The diffusion coefficients of the reduced forms of the porphyrazines were found to be smaller than those of the neutral forms. Received October 29, 2001. Accepted (revised) December 17, 2001     

Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of 4‐(4‐(5‐Phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐yl)phenoxy)‐Substituted Cobalt(II), Lead(II) and Metal‐Free Phthalocyanines

Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical analyses of 4‐(4‐(5‐phenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2‐yl)phenoxy)‐substituted metal‐free phthalocyanine ( H₂Pc ( 1 )) and metallated phthalocyanines ( PbPc ( 2 ) and CoPc ( 3 )) were performed in solution. Voltammetric characterizations of the phthalocyanine complexes were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry techniques. CoPc ( 3 ) gave common metal and ring based electron transfer reactions; however they split due to the aggregation. Although PbPc ( 2 ) illustrated reversible reduction processes during the voltammetric measurements, it was de‐metallized and thus turned to the metal free phthalocyanine during repetitive voltammetric cycles and in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements.     

线性扫描伏安法研究司帕沙星的电化学行为

采用线性扫描伏安法和循环伏安法研究司帕沙星的电化学行为。在0.05 mol·L~(-1)硫酸溶液中,司帕沙星于-1.29 V(vs.Ag/AgCl)处产生一灵敏的还原峰,司帕沙星的浓度在1.0×10~(-6)～1.5×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)范围内与其峰电流呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1)。该法用于司帕沙星片剂的分析,回收率为96.2%～105.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.4%。试验证实:司帕沙星在电极上产生的峰为具有吸附性的完全不可逆的还原峰。     

Determination of Rutin by a Graphene-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A reduced graphene oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode for sensitive detection of rutin is reported. The modified electrode was obtained by one-step electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide on the bare glassy carbon electrode. In the presence of graphene, an enhanced electrochemical response for rutin appeared with a pair of well-defined anodic and cathodic peaks in pH 3.0 phosphate buffer. Under the optimized conditions, the anodic peak currents exhibited a linear relationship with rutin concentration from 0.1 to 2.0 µM with a detection limit of 23.2 nM. The modified electrode was employed to the analysis of tablets (with satisfactory recovery of 19.96 mg/per tablet) and Flos Sophorae. The graphene-modified electrode exhibited high sensitivity, good stability, and selectivity for the determination of rutin.     

Electrochemical Oxidation of Donepezil and Its Voltammetric Determination at Gold Electrode

The oxidative ability of donepezil, a frequently prescribed drug for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is reported for the first time at a gold electrode. It was oxidized by cyclic voltammetry and determined by square wave voltammetry in phosphate buffer electrolyte. Electrochemical degradation of donepezil was carried out by long term potential cycling. The identification and characterization of the major product, isolated by preparative high performance liquid chromatography, was performed by high resolution mass spectrometry and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Donepezil hydroxy derivative was identified as the major electrochemical oxidation product from donepezil.