动态全息三维显示研究最新进展

全息三维显示是真三维显示技术, 其原理是利用光学干涉记录和衍射再现将物体或场景的三维信息全部重建出来, 所以观看全息三维图像与观看真实物体或场景的效果一样. 近期全息研究领域有一些突破性的成果被报道, 将推动全息显示的应用不断走向成熟. 本文将重点介绍基于光学材料和空间光调制器为全息图承载载体的动态全息三维显示最新发展状况. 虽然动态全息三维显示研究仍然存在挑战, 但最近研究中已经利用光学材料实现了实时动态全息三维视频显示, 这为未来实现大尺寸、高分辨率、彩色全息真三维视频显示提供了可能.     

基于光场重构的空间三维显示技术

真实空间三维显示可以通过精确再现三维物体的空间光场分布来实现.依据三维景物空间光场分布特性,提出并介绍基于光场重构的真实空间三维场景显示的基本原理与方法.实验表明,利用光场重构原理,可以运用现有的光学空间光调制器构造出比全息再现更为优越的真实三维显示.     

一种单色全息平板波导显示系统的研究

设计了一种由耦出线性全息光栅和耦入体全息光栅组成的单色全息平板波导显示系统。该系统的工作原理是微型显示器发出的单色图像光波信息经过准直透镜后,通过耦入体全息光栅和耦出线性光栅把图像光波信息从平板玻璃的一端耦入,另外一端耦出,最终在出瞳位置进入人眼。介绍了全息光栅的特点,利用耦合波理论与K矢量闭合法理论推导全息光栅的视场角,同时介绍了全息光栅的设计方法,该方法是通过分束镜将激光分为物光波和参考光波,且按照一定的入射角度在全息干板上发生干涉来实现。模拟仿真结果表明:该系统显示视场角为18°×14°,出瞳距离为30 mm,传递函数MTF在30 lp/mm时均在0.3以上,满足目视系统的使用要求,可以应用于新一代头盔显示系统中。     

三维立体显示技术研究新进展

在分析传统基于二维平面图像的三维立体显示技术的原理及特点的基础上,重点阐述了数字全息三维显示技术的应用研究现状,介绍了三种典型的数字全息显示技术:基于数字合成全息的三维显示技术、基于空间光调制器的数字全息三维显示技术以及基于集成数字全息技术的三维显示技术,并对三维显示技术研究及其应用中存在的关键技术问题进行了分析和讨论。     

Design of 1-μm-pitch liquid crystal spatial light modulators having dielectric shield wall structure for holographic display with wide field of view

Optical Review - In the development of electronic holographic displays with a wide field of view, one issue is the realization of 1-μm-pitch spatial light modulators (SLMs) using liquid...     

新颖材料器件为全息显示带来的新机遇

三维显示是人类获取身临其境视觉信息的有效途径,其中全息技术能够提供人眼所需的全部深度信息,被认为是理想的三维显示方式.然而受目前显示器件的限制,如可刷新调制器件的时间-空间(时空)带宽积受限、海量数据云处理速率限制、图像质量不高的问题等,全息显示技术的发展进入了瓶颈期.为了提高显示质量、扩大时空带宽积、提升系统性能,需要发展崭新的全息显示器件,从根本上解决目前遇到的问题.超颖材料、超构表面以及二维材料等诸多新颖材料的涌现为全息显示带来新的机遇.超颖材料(表面)通过特殊设计,利用远小于波长的超构单元实现对波前各向同性或各向异性的振幅与相位的特异调控,进而将全息信息映射到超颖材料(表面)全息显示器件上,通过调控光波实现各种显示.发展可刷新的超构(表面、二维)材料并应用于动态全息显示中是未来的重要方向.虽然现有的新颖器件还面临着各种问题,但它们可为全息显示的发展提供潜在的可行性和新的视角与发展动力.     

Electrically tunable holographic waveguide display based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal grating

In this Letter, we present an electrically tunable holographic waveguide display(HWD) based on two slanted holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal(HPDLC) gratings. Experimental results show that a see-through effect is obtained in the HWD that both the display light from HWD and the ambient light can be clearly seen simultaneously. By applying an external electric field, the output intensity of the display light can be modulated,which is attributed to the field-induced rotation of the liquid crystal molecules in the two HPDLC gratings.We also show that this electrically tunable performance enables the HWD to adapt to different ambient light conditions. This study provides some ideas towards the development of HWD and its application in augmented reality.     

All-around holographic three-dimensional light field display

Technology for all-around holographic three-dimensional (3D) light field display is proposed in this paper. A plane mirror keeps rotating around the optical axis. At each angular position, the mirror-image's Fourier CGH of the target object is projected onto the mirror. The reflected CGH contributes a specific viewing angle range to the target object. Linking up all viewing angle ranges in the horizontal plane, all-around display can be realized via the “afterimage” effect. An all-around holographic 3D light field display is implemented experimentally here with a 60 Hz SLM by introducing an observer tracking unit in the proposed display system.     

Three-dimensional display technologies in wave and ray optics: a review (Invited Paper)

Multiple three-dimensional （3D） display technologies are reviewed. The display mechanisms discussed in this paper are classified into two categories： holographic display in wave optics and light field display in ray optics, which present the 3D optical wave field in two different ways. Key technical characteristics of the optical systems and the depth cues of human visual system are analyzed. It is to be expected that these 3D display technologies will achieve practical applications with the increase of the optical system bandwidth.     

Holographic storage of three-dimensional image and data using photopolymer and polymer dispersed liquid crystal films

We present holographic storage of three-dimensional(3D) images and data in a photopolymer film without any applied electric field.Its absorption and diffraction efficiency are measured,and reflective analog hologram of real object and image of digital information are recorded in the films.The photopolymer is compared with polymer dispersed liquid crystals as holographic materials.Besides holographic diffraction efficiency of the former is little lower than that of the latter,this work demonstrates that the photopolymer is more suitable for analog hologram and big data permanent storage because of its high definition and no need of high voltage electric field.Therefore,our study proposes a potential holographic storage material to apply in large size static 3D holographic displays,including analog hologram displays,digital hologram prints,and holographic disks.     

Spatiotemporal multiplexing and streaming of hologram data for full-color holographic video display

We propose a new approach to spatiotemporally multiplex sub-holograms and stream hologram data in parallel by using multiple spatial light modulators (SLMs) to increase the spatiotemporal resolution of holographic display system. With the proposed approach, we have achieved a spatiotemporal resolution of 4.5 × 10¹⁰ pixel/s, as compared with 1.89 × 10⁹ pixel/s of a single SLM. Each frame of computer-generated hologram video has a pixel count of 378 Mpixels and is divided into 288 sub-holograms, each of 1.31 Mpixels. During the playback of holographic video, these sub-holograms are spatiotemporally multiplexed and streamed in parallel to form the integrated hologram within 16.67 ms, which enables full-color holographic video display with a 10-in. diagonal at a hologram data frame rate of 60 frames per second (fps). New SLM devices with higher spatiotemporal resolution need to be developed in order to meet the data bandwidth requirement of about 10¹²–10¹⁴ pixel/s for future 3D holographic displays.     

Visible reconstruction by a circular holographic display from digital holograms recorded under infrared illumination

A circular holographic display that consists of phase-only spatial light modulators is used to reconstruct images in visible light from digital holograms recorded under infrared (10.6?μm) illumination. The reconstruction yields a holographic digital video display of a three-dimensional ghostlike image of an object floating in space where observers can move and rotate around it.     

A novel three-dimensional holographic display system based on LC-R2500 spatial light modulator

A novel holographic display system is proposed in this paper. The system takes LC-R2500, a kind of reflective liquid crystal spatial light modulator, (LC-SLM) as the core display unit, which can meet the requirement of real-time reconstruction of three-dimensional (3D) objects from holograms in free space. The relationship between hologram recording and image reconstruction is discussed, and the parameters associated with the magnification of reconstructed image over original object are determined. Experimental results of holographic display using the system are also given in the end.     

Generation of three-dimensional optical structures by dynamic holograms displayed on a twisted nematic liquid crystal display

Reconstruction of computer generated holograms (CGHs) addressed on a spatial light modulator (SLM) is an effective way to dynamically generate designed light field distributions. Based on the classic Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) algorithm, we proposed a technique, which can greatly reduce the computation cost to about 60 % in calculating CGHs for three-dimensional (3D) structures but with little degradation of reconstructed light field compared with the classic GS algorithm. The CGHs calculated by our method were displayed on a twisted nematic liquid crystal display, working as a phase-only-modulation SLM, and 3D structures of optical fields, e.g., 3D array of optical traps and vortices, were reconstructed with high efficiency and high quality. Besides, the possibility for 3D holographic display or projection was also demonstrated with this algorithm by reconstruction several images simultaneously in distinct axial planes.     

The measurement of 3-D asymmetric temperature field by using real time laser interferometric tomography

A real time nondestructive temperature measurement technique based on laser holographic interference tomography technique is presented. An He–Ne laser is used as light source, and a CCD video camera is used to grab the interferogram. This laser holographic tomography technique is applied to the measurement of the temperature fields generated by two heated rods. Since data error is inevitable in engineering measurement, it is necessary to study the reconstruction techniques for reconstructing the temperature field. Three techniques including convolution back projection (CBP), algebra reconstruction technique (ART) and simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) are studied. Based on the reconstruction techniques and experimental situation, ART is used to reconstruct the asymmetric temperature fields. The thermocouples are used to measure the temperatures of the two heated rods. Comparing the reconstructed result with the measured temperature value, a satisfactory result is obtained.     

Study on theoretical limit of information content of display hologram

Based on the definitions of information and information content, the information content of a spatial object point has been expressed. Furthermore, according to the most fundamental physical mechanism to produce binocular stereovision and light field distribution formed by coherent illuminating objects, space information content matched with human vision system is calculated and the minimum light field information content needed for binocular stereovision is obtained in this paper. And then, analysis on information content for holographic 3D display is made and theoretical limit of information content of display hologram is given based on these. It provides basis of minimum information content for hologram recording, transmission and display.     

基于DMD的数字全息显示及其再现像质增强

采用DMD作为空间光调制器构建了一套数字全息显示系统.分析了数字全息图光学再现中影响再现图像质量的因素,提出了一种采用频域滤波重建高条纹对比度滤波全息图来改善其光学再现图像质量的新方法.采用信噪比及图像亮度作为评价参量,对原始全息图和滤波全息图的数值再现像进行定量分析表明,滤波后全息图的再现像质量明显优于原始全息图的再现像.基于DMD数字全息显示系统的光学再现实验也验证了理论分析结果.     

Full-parallax three-dimensional display based on light field reproduction

Optical Review - Light field displays can display three-dimensional (3D) images with smooth motion parallax without the use of special glasses, by reproducing light ray information from objects....     

Compact RGBY light sources with high luminance for laser display applications

Watt-class visible laser light with a high luminance can be created with high-power GaAs-based lasers either directly in the red spectral region or using single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) for the colors in the blue–yellow spectral region. The concepts and results of red- and near infrared-emitting distributed Bragg reflector tapered lasers and master oscillator power amplifier systems as well as their application for SHG bench-top experiments and miniaturized modules are presented. Examples of these high-luminance light sources aiming at different applications such as flying spot display or holographic 3D cinema are discussed in more detail. The semiconductor material allows an easy adaptation of the wavelength allowing techniques such as six-primary color 3D projection or color space enhancement by adding a fourth yellow color.