偏振在多角度遥感中的太阳耀光消除的应用

在进行水色遥感时,水面的镜面反射产生的太阳耀光,影响水体信息的提取和利用。以前的研究表明,当入射角为水体的布儒斯特角时,偏振可以消除太阳耀光,但是这种方法条件过于苛刻,现实中很难实现。针对这种情况,推导了自然光入射到水面后其反射光的偏振状态以及光线入射角与水体偏振度的关系。理论上证明了以非布儒斯特角入射时偏振消除太阳耀光的可能性,计算了从各个角度入射到纯净水体表面太阳耀光剥离的程度,实验验证了结论。     

偏振光谱的土壤湿度遥感方法实验研究

偏振探测作为一种新型遥感技术,是对传统光谱遥感探测的有益补充,为目标遥感探测提供更丰富的信息。用地物偏振光谱仪实验测量,分析土壤湿度与偏振光谱的相关性,同时研究不同观测角下的土壤表面反射光偏振光谱特性。结果表明：在土壤湿度较高的情况下,偏振光谱与土壤湿度具有一定的相关性,尤其在500～700 nm波段,湿度与偏振度呈正比关系;低湿度的情况下,偏振光谱与土壤湿度相关性不明显;此外,不同观测角对偏振光谱也有影响,如入射角固定为50°,观测角在20°～60°区间测量时,偏振度随观测角增大而增大,且观测角愈大,偏振度随湿度的变化愈显著。     

面向水面溢油检测的多角度偏振反射特性仿真研究

为了在耀光干扰下提升粗糙海面溢油的检测效果,基于Cox-Munk粗糙海面概率统计模型,对不同入射和观测几何下海水与油膜反射耀光的偏振度及其差异进行仿真研究。结果表明：入射和观测几何以及海面介质的折射率是海面耀光偏振度空间分布的主要影响因素;当满足一定太阳入射角时,海面介质折射率差异是水/油反射耀光偏振度差出现“正负反转”的主要原因;入射平面内水面溢油最佳偏振观测角度与太阳入射天顶角和溢油折射率相关。     

影响伪装目标偏振检测的偏振方向研究

基于Stokes矢量和Mueller矩阵,推导了任意偏振方向的线偏振度表达式。在入射面内改变探测角和偏振方向,通过实验室和野外偏振检测实验验证了推导结果,并以目标与背景偏振度对比为主要指标研究了影响伪装目标偏振检测的偏振方向因素。研究结果表明:探测角在镜面反射方向附近,不同偏振方向的偏振度对比波动较小;虽然野外环境的结果波动稍大,但当以偏振片最大透光轴方向垂直于入射面为参考方向时,偏振方向间隔60°和45°的偏振度对比较间隔30°稳定;计算表明偏振图对比度明显高于强度图对比度,间隔60°的偏振度对比较高,间隔45°的次之,间隔30°的偏振度对比较差,偏振检测效果不佳。     

偏振与多角度遥感中的太阳耀光剥离

水面镜面反射会产生太阳耀光,直接影响水体遥感信息的提取和利用。光在与物体相互作用的过程中,不仅其强度会发生变化,而且偏振状态也会发生变化。结合这两种情况,利用偏振反射的变化来消除太阳耀光。从理论上推导了偏振反射消除太阳耀光的可能性,实验测定了自来水和汽油在2π空间中的偏振反射光谱,分析了光线入射角、探测角、探测方位角、偏振角等因子与液体偏振反射比的普适关系。实验证明,当太阳处在一定的天顶角时,通过设置偏振角可以成功的消除太阳耀光的影响。     

一种高精度偏振遥感探测方式的精度分析

检偏器的角度误差是影响偏振遥感探测精度的重要因素之一,是许多高精度定量化偏振遥感需要考虑的一个问题。在检偏器(0°,60°,120°)放置的测量系统中,当入射光偏振角接近于0°或180°时偏振测量易产生最大误差值,而偏振角接近30°,90°和150°时,偏振度的测量具有很高的精度;在检偏器(0°,45°,90°)放置方式中,偏振角接近45°的光束测量易具有最大误差值,而偏振角接近于0°,90°和135°时,角度误差对偏振度测量精度的影响很小。除了个别偏振角外,对高偏振度入射光束的偏振测量通常具有较大的偏振测量误差。因此,引进线偏振光的平均偏振度测量精度描述偏振测量装置的优劣,结果表明检偏器(0°,60°,120°)放置方式优于检偏器(0°,45°,90°)放置方式。     

单颗粒光散射偏振特性的模拟和分析

在入射自然光和线偏振光两种常见情况下,基于Mie理论和Debye级数展开,模拟了整体散射光和各阶散射光的偏振度和偏振比分布。研究结果表明:自然光入射时的散射光一般为部分偏振光,当粒径小于波长时,偏振度分布与Rayleigh散射的一致;当粒径大于波长时,整体散射光的偏振度在前向散射角很低,随着散射角的增加逐渐增高但变化频繁,在彩虹角处有很高的值。当入射光为线偏振光时,散射光一般为椭圆偏振光,整体散射光和各阶散射光的偏振比都很高,只有当方位角远离0°、90°、180°时才会出现极小值。     

长柱状气溶胶粒子的光散射特性

以中纬度卷云中常见的长柱状冰晶为例,利用长柱状粒子光散射理论,探讨了入射光为线偏振时,电矢量平行和垂直于入射面情况下,单个长柱状粒子的散射光强度分布和偏振特性随入射角、尺度参数与偏振态的转化关系:随着入射角的增大,散射强度、偏振总体趋于对称且数值振荡频率降低,散射强度总体减小,偏振的改变程度总体增大;随着尺度参数的增大,散射强度、偏振的数值振荡频率增大,散射强度数值振荡峰的幅度整体减小,电矢量平行于粒子长轴时主偏振的数量、强度和位置皆有变迁,电矢量垂直于粒子长轴时前后主偏振位置相对固定;随着偏振度的减小,散射强度、偏振趋向于一致,两者的数值改变程度减小,当偏振度减小到0时,散射强度、偏振变得完全相同。选取火山尘埃和烟灰与冰晶对比,阐述了粒子散射光的强度分布和偏振特性随折射率的变化规律:折射率虚部不改变散射强度的整体趋势,但使散射强度和偏振的振荡峰幅度增大,当其数值较大时,使得偏振的数值振荡峰覆盖范围拓宽。     

粗糙目标表面红外偏振特性研究

红外偏振成像可突显目标、识别真伪,准确掌握目标红外辐射偏振特性可有效提高目标的探测识别概率。针对现有目标红外辐射偏振特性模型未考虑粗糙表面导致的遮蔽效应的问题,本文基于微面元双向反射分布函数模型,利用穆勒矩阵构建出含有遮蔽函数的粗糙表面红外辐射偏振度的斯托克斯解析模型。针对光线表面粗糙度和入射角对金属和非金属目标红外辐射偏振度的影响进行定量分析。分析结果表明:无论是金属还是非金属,其红外自发辐射偏振度都随粗糙度的增大而减小,非金属自发辐射偏振度下降的幅度大于金属偏振度;当粗糙度及温度相同时,金属的红外辐射偏振度始终大于非金属;红外辐射偏振度先随入射角的增加而增加,而后在特定入射角下达到峰值,超过一定入射角后,偏振度大幅下降,金属和非金属的红外辐射偏振度间的差异在一定入射角度范围内将达到最大,这有助于区分金属与非金属。最后,利用长波红外微偏振成像系统和近红外偏振成像系统进行不同场景目标的图像采集,获取目标的红外辐射偏振特性,实验结果与理论分析结果基本吻合。本文对研究目标偏振特性、优化设计红外偏振系统以及后续偏振图像处理均具有重要意义。     

双折射消偏振膜的设计和制备

基于倾斜沉积薄膜材料的双折射特性,采用单一TiO2设计和制备了中心波长为632 nm的双折射消偏振膜。首先以60°和70°的沉积角度镀制了TiO2单层膜,通过单层膜的透射光谱分别拟合出两种沉积角度下薄膜对s和p偏振光的等效折射率nPH,nSH和nPL,nSL。通过对折射率的组合,实现正入射时s偏振光透射率大于p偏振光,而入射角度增大会使两者透射率差值减小,基于这一思想设计并制备了消偏振膜。分别测量了消偏振薄膜在400~800 nm波段范围内正入射及倾斜入射条件下s和p偏振光的透射光谱。入射角为60°时,s偏振光反射带宽基本与p偏振光反射带宽重合,在波长632 nm左右基本实现消偏振。结果表明,利用材料的双折射特性,可以设计和制备出倾斜入射条件下消偏振薄膜。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.