畴腐蚀掺镁铌酸锂可调阵列光分束器的研究

研究了不同畴腐蚀深度的掺镁铌酸锂二维六角可调阵列光分束器的分数Talbot效应.对不同Talbot分数β和不同畴腐蚀深度的阵列光分束器Talbot衍射像进行了数值模拟理论研究.模拟结果表明,Talbot分数β可以改变Talbot衍射像的周期及结构分布,而畴腐蚀深度可有效调制衍射像的光强分布.在理论研究的基础上,设计并制备了具有不同畴腐蚀深度的掺镁铌酸锂二维六角阵列光分束器,对其在不同Talbot分数β条件下的分数Talbot效应进行了通光实验研究,实现了畴腐蚀阵列光分束器对近场Talbot衍射光强分布的调制,实验结果与理论研究结果一致.     

Analytical expression for phase distribution of a hexagonal array at fractional Talbot planes

We describe a reciprocal-lattice vector method for analysis of the diffractive self-imaging (or Talbot effect) of a two-dimensional periodic object. Using this method we analyze the fractional Talbot effect of a hexagonal array and deduce a simple analytical expression for calculation of the complex amplitude distribution at any fractional Talbot plane. Based on this new formula, we design a hexagonal array illuminator (HTAI) with a high fractional parameter. A computer simulation for demonstration of the HTAI is also given.     

Tunable two-dimensional hexagonal phase array in domain-engineered Z-cut lithium niobate crystal

An optical phase array with tunable phase step is demonstrated. The phase array consists of a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of inverted ferroelectric domains fabricated on a Z-cut lithium niobate substrate. The electro-optically tunable phase step is obtained by the application of an external electric field along the z axis of the crystal via transparent electrodes. Theoretical analysis and experimental results are presented, showing that a tunable and flexible adaptive optical illuminator device can be realized by combining the electro-optic tunability with the Talbot effect. Generation of a multiplicity of light patterns is shown.     

Electro-optic Solc-type flat-top bandpass filter based on periodically poled lithium niobate

Based on the spectrum waveform similarity (SWS) rule we discovered in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), a compact tunable flat-top bandpass filter is proposed theoretically, from which the bandwidth of the flat-top waveform can be obtained. For practical application, tunable flat-top filter can be easily achieved by selecting appropriate electric field along the transverse direction of PPLN. The tolerance analysis for this kind of tunable flat-top bandpass filter is also presented.     

Period and temperature tuning of cascaded opticalparametric oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO3

We report the broadly tunable source by a cascaded optical parametric oscillator in the periodically poled LiNbO_3 (PPLN) with domain grating period and temperature tuning. The optical parametric oscillator was pumped by a passive Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 laser. Multi-wavelength outputs from visible to infrared were obtained. The temperature of the PPLN crystal changed within the range of 70－150℃ with different periods of PPLN. The tunable range covered from 433 to 1657nm.     

Optical sorting using an array of optical vortices with fractional topological charge

An array of optical vortices with fractional topological charge is generated using a phase-only Talbot array illuminator and used to sort microparticles. Our theoretical analysis and experimental results reveal that when a particle passes through a fractional vortex array, it will be driven by two forces, intensity-gradient force and phase-gradient force, and the cooperation of these two forces can improve its ability in optical sorting because of the special intensity and phase distribution of the fractional optical vortex array. Larger angle separation could be obtained with moderate laser power.     

Optical parametric oscillation in periodically poled lithium niobate driven by a diode-pumped Q-switched erbium fiber laser

We describe what is to our knowledge the first nanosecond periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) driven by a fiber laser. The source was frequency doubled by a PPLN sample before pumping a second, 20-mm-long, PPLN crystal. The OPO threshold was <10muJ, with pump depletions of as much as 45% and a tunable signal range of 945-1450 nm (1690-4450-nm idler range). We demonstrated 130-nm signal tuning by varying the pump wavelength and doubling crystal's temperature. Also, we achieved 15-nm tuning with all crystals at a constant temperature. The results demonstrate the potential of the fiber laser:PPLN combination for practical, versatile, and tunable sources.     

Phase contrast Talbot array illuminators

We propose a method for designing an improved phase-only Talbot array illuminator, called a phase contrast Talbot array illuminator (PCTAI), which could be used to generate an array of spots with a special intensity structure and high efficiency. As examples, we designed two types of PCTAIs for generating an array of line and hollow spots, respectively. Some experimental results revealing the phase contrast effect and demonstrating the feasibility of the PCTAIs are also given.     

Periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric amplifier seeded with the narrow-band filtered output of an optical parametric generator

The results of a simple scheme to generate continuously tunable pulsed narrow-bandwidth (less than 0.1 cm (-1)) light in the infrared are presented. A periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric amplifier is seeded with the filtered output of a PPLN optical parametric generator. A high-finesse Fabry-Perot etalon is used as the filtering element, giving bandwidths as narrow as 0.08 cm (-1) and tunable over 18 cm (-1) without any adjustments to the PPLN crystals. High efficiency is obtained with a 15-ns 1-kHz Nd:YAG laser, giving energies of up to 180 microJ of signal at 1.6 microm and 60 microJ of idler at 3.3 microm .     

线扫描缺陷检测系统中的LED光源设计

光源是影响机器视觉输入系统的重要因素,直接影响输入数据的质量和至少30％的应用效果。在线扫描缺陷检测系统中,对光源的亮度、均匀性、直线性、寿命、光谱范围都提出了较高的要求。鉴于LED光源在机器视觉中具有许多优点,以LED线形光源为例,探讨了线形阵列LED光源照明光场分布的影响因素,结合柱面镜对光源单方向约束的特性,介绍了LED阵列和柱面镜组合的聚焦条形照明光源的设计方法。通过仿真,证明了该设计可满足线扫描系统对光源的要求。     

Tunable terahertz-wave generation from DAST crystal by dual signal-wave parametric oscillation of periodically poled lithium niobate

The first known demonstration of tunable terahertz-wave generation by difference-frequency generation of dual signal-wave quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillation was performed with periodically poled LiNbO(3) (PPLN) with a series of gratings. An organic ionic salt, 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate (DAST), was used as a nonlinear crystal. A compact terahertz-wave source resulted, and changing the temperature of the PPLN permitted the wavelength to be varied from 120 to 160 mum. The wavelength could be tuned from 100 to 700 mum by proper selection of combinations of periodically poled gratings.     

部分相干同步辐射照射下光栅分数塔尔博特效应

基于高斯谢尔光束的相干模式分解理论和波动光学,建立了部分相干同步辐射硬X射线光束通过光学器件的传播模型。模拟了微聚焦X射线光束照射下光栅的分数塔尔博特效应,得到了聚焦光束的光强分布和相干特性变化,并分析了散焦光束入射下的光栅自成像。然后通过模拟准直光束入射下的光栅塔尔博特效应,得到了不同传播距离处自成像条纹的变化情况,分析了影响光栅自成像条纹形状的因素。通过光栅衍射条纹测量同步辐射相干度,发现对矩形相位光栅来说,应该对衍射图样进行傅里叶分解,求出各级傅里叶系数随传播距离的变化曲线,从而得到入射光束相干特性。     

Experimental observation of tunable wavelength down- and up-conversions of ultra-short pulses in a periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide

All-optical tunable wavelength conversion of ps-pulses is proposed and experimentally demonstrated by use of cascaded sum- and difference frequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in a periodically poled LiNbO₃ (PPLN) waveguide. The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise is effectively suppressed by employing two tunable filters. As a result, tunable wavelength down- and up-conversions are simultaneously observed. The temporal evolutions of the signal, pump, control and idler waves propagating along the PPLN waveguide are simulated. From the temporal waveforms and optical spectra in the simulations, it is interesting to find that continuous wave (CW) pump and control are evolved into optical pulses during the cSFG/DFG nonlinear interactions. Moreover, some new sidebands in the output pump spectrum are observed both in the simulations and experiments.     

Diffractive self-imaging based on selective etching of a ferroelectric domain inversion grating

A hexagonal array grating based on selective etching of a 2D ferroelectric domain inversion in a periodically poled Mg O-doped Li Nb O3 crystal is fabricated. The effects to the diffractive self-imaging as a function of diffraction distance for a fixed phase difference and array duty cycle of the grating is theoretically analyzed.The Talbot diffractive self-imaging properties after selective etching of a 2D ferroelectric domain inversion grating under a fixed phase difference are experimentally demonstrated. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is observed.     

基于准相位匹配产生近中红外波段的特性分析

基于周期极化晶体的Sellmeier方程和准相位匹配理论,对准相位匹配光参变振荡器的调谐特性进行了理论分析.通过数值模拟计算,得到了PPRTA晶体光参变振荡的调谐特性与极化反转光栅周期、晶体温度和抽运光波长等参量的关系曲线.并且与PPKTP晶体和PPLN晶体光参变振荡器的调谐特性进行了比较,研究了三者的不同之处,得出了PPRTA晶体的参量调谐特性优于PPKTP晶体和PPLN晶体的结论,与国外已报道的实验数据相吻合.证实了PPRTA晶体是一种可以产生可调谐近中红外光的理想准相位匹配非线性光学晶体.     

基于光纤环形腔激光器的可调谐全光波长转换器的研究

在光纤环形腔激光器中引入周期极化反转铌酸锂(PPLN)光波导，用该激光器产生的连续光作为抽运光和控制光，使其与外加的信号光发生非线性效应实现可调谐波长转换.介绍了基于准相位匹配的PPLN光波导中的和频与差频级联型全光波长转换器的基本原理.对抽运光、信号光、控制光以及转换光的光功率随着PPLN光波导的变化进行了模拟.还对转换效率随着转换光波长的变化进行了数值计算.实验验证了该波长转换器的可调谐性. 关键词： 周期极化反转铌酸锂 和频与差频 可调谐全光波长转换 光纤环形腔激光器     

Microlaser-pumped periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric generator-optical parametric amplifier

For what is believed to be the first time, a single-longitudinal-mode passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microlaser is used to pump a narrow-bandwidth periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) optical parametric generator-optical parametric amplifier (OPG-OPA). Before amplification in the OPA, the output of the OPG stage was spectrally filtered with an air-spaced etalon, resulting in spectroscopically useful radiation (bandwidth, ~0.05 cm(-1) FWHM) that was tunable in 15-cm(-1) segments anywhere in the signal range 6820-6220 cm(-1) and the idler range 2580-3180 cm(-1). The ability to pump an OPG-OPA with compact, high-repetition-rate, intrinsically narrow-bandwidth microlasers is made possible by the high gain of PPLN. The result is a tunable light source that is well suited for use in portable spectroscopic gas sensors.     

基于中红外差频激光测量水汽分子同位素丰度

稳定同位素比值的测量在地质学、气象学和地球科学的研究中具有重要的应用价值。水汽同位素丰度的测量对理解与干旱相关的同温层大气科学具有重要的意义。水汽分子在2.7 μm附近具有较强的吸收,适宜于高灵敏度光谱的测量。文章报道了利用差频技术(Difference frequency generation)和准相位匹配技术(Quasi-phase matching),将调谐范围在750～840 nm之间的连续可调谐钛宝石激光器和单频连续的Nd∶YAG激光器,耦合到周期性极化铌酸锂非线性光学晶体中,产生2.5～4 μm波段的中红外可调谐激光。选择周期为20 μm的PPLN晶体,产生2.7 μm附近的中红外差频激光,利用差频产生的中红外激光光源,具有窄线宽、宽调谐等优点。结合光程为100 m的Herriott型多通吸收池,采用直接吸收光谱方法测量了实验室大气中的水汽分子同位素,得到了同位素比值R及17O,18O,D的丰度值δ,实验所测R值与国际标准具有很好的一致性。     

Tunable single-frequency ultraviolet generation from a continuous-wave Ti : sapphire laser with an intracavity PPLN frequency doubler

We report a single-longitudinal-mode continuous-wave Ti:sapphire ring laser that is intracavity frequency doubled in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). Using a multi-grating PPLN crystal, the second harmonic is tunable from 386 to 403 nm – close to the PPLN ultraviolet absorption edge – with a maximum generated power of 114 mW. The wavelength dependence of the critical operating temperature required to eliminate photorefractive effects in the PPLN crystal is determined. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.70.Mp; 42.72.Bj     

Generation of achromatic and propagation-invariant spot arrays by use of continuously self-imaging gratings

A particular class of Montgomery's self-imaging objects that we call continuously self-imaging gratings (CSIG's) is introduced. When they are illuminated by a plane wave, these objects produce a field whose intensity profile is a propagation- and wavelength-invariant biperiodic array of bright spots. The mathematical construction of these objects and their intrinsic properties are described. On a practical level, CSIG's are compact and achromatic nondiffracting array generators. We show that a good CSIG approximation can be realized by a two-level phase grating that is experimentally tested.