隧道二次衬砌监测的非线性回归分析研究

隧道二次衬砌性能劣化是影响隧道健康运营的主要病害,利用光纤通信技术对二次衬砌进行结构安全性分析,是保证隧道工程健康运营的重要手段。以埋入式光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器对田心隧道二次衬砌监测的实际数据为依据,选择最佳的典型函数模型对隧道的监测数据进行非线性回归分析,得出能够反映应变发展变化趋势的回归曲线,预测支护结构(监测点)的应变趋势,判断支护效果,对隧道支护结构当前的和最终的稳定性进行分析,从而实现对隧道结构部的稳定性判断。     

埋入式光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器在隧道二次衬砌中的监测研究

隧道二次衬砌性能劣化是影响隧道健康运营的主要病害,对隧道二次衬砌进行监测是保证隧道健康运营的重要手段。应用埋入式光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器深入研究了隧道二次衬砌的变化。通过FBG(Fiber Bragg Grating)传感器在隧道内的布设及温度补偿技术,对隧道断面的应变变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,数据的曲线走势在一定程度上反映了隧道二次衬砌的变化,为进一步的病害预报提供了有效的支持。     

隧道围岩压力监测的非线性回归分析研究

隧道围岩压力的变化是导致公路隧道岩块错动、掉块、甚至塌方的重要因素。结合田心隧道工程,将一种可以把压力转变成光纤Bragg光栅波长移位的FBG土压力传感器应用于隧道围岩压力的监测;将40支土压力传感器安装在20个代表性断面中。采用非线性回归分析统计方法对隧道的量测数据进行分析,比较了监测数据的处理分析方法,选取最优的非线性回归分析模型。监测数据与回归拟合数据分析表明,非线性回归分析预测方法不仅可以反映隧道围岩变形和压力变化过程,还能根据其变化趋势进行结构异常判断。     

复合地层下穿高铁超大矩形盾构隧道开挖面的极限支护力

为了保证超大矩形盾构隧道开挖面的稳定性，依托某超大矩形盾构隧道工程，采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场监测方法对复合地层下穿高铁超大矩形盾构隧道开挖面的极限支护力进行了研究，提出了复合地层下穿高铁超大矩形盾构隧道开挖面临界破坏模式，并基于极限平衡理论推导了极限支护力计算方法。数值模拟和现场监测结果表明：提出的极限支护力计算方法与数值模拟和现场监测的误差分别在10.40%～18.30%和11.19%～16.85%区间，说明极限支护力公式安全可靠，可应用至实际工程中。研究结果可为类似工程开挖面稳定性控制提供参考。     

支持向量回归算法在光纤光栅非均匀应变重构中的应用

当布拉格光栅轴向存在大的应变梯度时,其反射光谱的形状会被扭曲.甚至出现多峰,发展非均匀应变分布重构方法对于结构健康监测技术具有重要意义.但采集反射光谱时的测试噪声会显著影响应变分布重构的精度.为此,提出了采用支持向量机对含噪的反射光谱进行回归预处理,并运用适应度排序改进的遗传优化算法结合传输矩阵反射光谱构建方法识别布拉格光栅轴向非均匀应变分布的方法.该方法将反射光谱视为时间序列.利用支持向量回归的全局优化和泛化能力进行噪声抑制.从而回归出有效的反射光谱;通过传输矩阵方法将光栅轴向应变分段均匀化,利用改进的遗传算法进行并行重构.对多种应变分布形式下的应变重构进行了仿真研究,结果表明,支持向量机方法可以有效地进行反射光谱同归,提高非均匀应变分布重构的精度.     

煤矿顶板离层回归分析与稳定性评价

以光纤Bragg光栅位移传感器对淮北朱仙庄煤矿顶板离层监测为实际数据依据,选择最佳的典型函数模型对顶板离层进行非线性回归分析,得出能够反映位移发展趋势的回归曲线。监测结果与回归拟合数据表明:非线性回归分析预测方法不仅可以反映煤矿顶板离层实时变化过程,还能根据其变化趋势进行巷道稳定性判断。     

非均匀应变场下相移光栅光谱特性及其实验研究

采用传输矩阵法系统研究轴向非均匀应变场下相移光栅光谱特性,对均匀应变、线性应变、二次应变以及三次应变分布下相移光栅反射谱进行仿真,分析应变分布函数各项系数对反射率、通透带宽、透射窗口对应波长以及光谱形状的影响,并得出规律性结论。基于不同形状悬臂梁组建应变调谐实验装置,利用有限元法计算固定于不同形状悬臂梁表面相移光栅栅区应变分布,结合数值计算结果进行相移光栅应变调谐实验,研究相移光栅栅区轴向在均匀应变场、线性应变场以及二次应变场下相移光栅的反射光谱,实验结果表明在不同应变场下相移光栅反射谱呈现规律性变化,与仿真结果很好吻合。     

地脉动作用下主机装置靶室结构稳定性分析与评估

在大型固体激光器结构稳定性设计中,数值模拟结果是结构稳定性设计的主要依据,故数值模拟的可信度至关重要。为了评估装置稳定性计算结果的可信度,基于现代模型验证与确认技术中关于不确定性源的量化及传播分析方法、模型形式误差与预测推断的叠加方法研究,对靶球结构的最大位移响应进行了预测推断。稳定性分析中为了快速进行不确定性参数的传播和灵敏度分析,使用二次响应面模型作为代理模型,灵敏度分析结果表明模态阻尼比对靶球结构的稳定性影响更大。对关心量的稳定性预测结果表明,靶球结构最大位移响应的上界与稳定性设计指标相比,安全裕度仍大于7,说明主机装置的稳定性设计具有足够的可信度。     

基于光纤光栅传感器和卡尔曼滤波器的载荷识别算法

载荷识别在结构健康监测中的地位十分重要,为了在结构健康监测的同时利用最优化算法对系统进行有效控制,提出了一种基于光纤光栅(FBG)传感器和卡尔曼滤波器的载荷识别算法。该算法建立在卡尔曼滤波器的基础上,以FBG传感器测得的应变值作为观测信号,通过卡尔曼滤波器产生的增益矩阵、新息序列和协方差矩阵,利用最小二乘算法实时估计载荷的大小。此算法只需采集前一时刻的估计值和当前时刻的观测值即可估计出当前时刻的载荷,无需存储和读取大量数据。同时,基于卡尔曼滤波器在进行结构健康监测的同时能够应用最优化算法对系统进行控制。为了对识别算法进行验证,采用梁系统作为仿真和试验对象,通过FBG传感器测得的应变值识别载荷。结果表明,所提动态载荷识别算法能够很好地抑制噪声,具有良好的稳定性和实时性。     

金属基底光纤光栅应变传感器的传感特性研究

为了满足桥梁和大坝等民用建筑和航空航天飞行器等结构的健康监测与管理需要,设计并制作了两种分别用钛合金和不锈钢材料封装的光纤布拉格光栅应变传感器,并利用悬臂梁校准装置对两种传感器的应变特性进行测试。试验结果表明,钛合金封装的线性度及应变灵敏系数优于不锈钢材料封装的传感器。因此,在对结构的应变监测时,使用钛合金封装的传感器更能真实反映结构的应变变化,从而达到健康监测的目的。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.