Analytical performance of a multi-element ICP-AES method for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb determination in blood fraction samples

An analytical method using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) for rapid simultaneous determination of seven heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Pb) in human blood fractions, like plasma, cells fraction and whole blood, is performed. The optimum wavelength was selected using as criterions the sensitivity, the linearity and recovery of aqueous standard solutions. The pretreatment of the sample, the centrifugal conditions, the necessity of digestion and the dilution of the digests were also studied. For plasma it was possible to avoid digestion of the sample, but for cells fractions and whole blood the digestion is necessary. The samples were acid-digested by HNO₃ in closed Teflon tubes under high temperature and pressure conditions and were diluted before injection into ICP-AES. Also, optimization of the inductively coupled plasma conditions like nebulizer argon flow rate, sample flow rate and power of radio frequency was performed for each analyte. Finally, the effect of the type of the employed calibration technique on the total variation of the method was examined. Calibration using the standard addition technique was proved more accurate for the determination in terms of analyte recovery. The sensitivity and recovery (Cd 99%, Co 101%, Cr 100%, Cu 99%, Mn 101%, Ni 100% and Pb 97%) of the developed method are presented for all examined blood fractions. Correspondence: George A. Zachariadis, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece     

钾钠铁钙镁含量变化与高血压关系的研究

为了探讨钾钠铁钙镁元素的含量变化与高血压的关系,检测了高血压患者８６例的血清Ｋ,Ｎａ,Ｆｅ,Ｃａ,Ｍｇ含量。结果发现,高血压组的血清Ｎａ,Ｆｅ含量和Ｎａ／Ｋ比值明显高于临界高血压组和对照组,而Ｋ,Ｃａ含量和Ｃａ／Ｍｇ比值则比对照组低,Ｋ,Ｃａ／Ｍｇ与收缩压和舒张压呈显著负相关,而Ｎａ,Ｆｅ和Ｎａ／Ｋ呈显著正相关,提示Ｋ,Ｃａ和Ｎａ与血压关系最为密切。     

指血中Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg的分析方法研究

提出了一种直接测定血中Zn、Fe、Ca、Mg的原子吸收测定方法。本法用一定量的基体释放剂，取少量血样于小体积中，直接在原子吸收仪器上进行测定。对以往的血液中微量元素测定，尤其对采集体积少的标本测定方法作了改进。     

西安市老年人末梢血铜、锌、铁、镁、钙元素含量分析

为调查60岁以上老年人体内微量元素及钙、镁的含量,采用原子吸收光谱法对西安市60岁以上的老年人末梢血中的铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的含量进行了测定,观察了5元素的缺乏率及随年龄的增长5元素的缺乏情况.结果表明,60岁以上老年人,元素过量的情况鲜见;铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的缺乏率分别为37.87%0,11.76%,21.51%,2....     

小儿肾病综合征患儿血中锌,铜,铁,钙,铅的研究

为探讨小儿肾病综合征患儿血中锌,铜,铁钙,铅的变化规律,对６０例小儿肾病综合征和６０例正常儿童全血中锌,铜,铁、钙,铅含量进行了对比观察。结果表明,小儿肾病综合征患儿以上５种元素均比正常儿童降低,     

广州市与台州市3岁儿童全血部分常量元素与微量元素含量比较分析

为比较不同地区,不同性别3岁儿童全血微量元素及钙、镁的含量,采用原子吸收分光光谱法对广州市及台州市的3岁儿童末梢血中的铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的含量进行测定,比较两个地区及同一地区不同性别的五元素水平.结果表明,广州市与台州市3岁儿童末梢血中的铜、锌、铁、镁、钙的含量有统计学差异,台州市不同性别五元素的含量均没有统计学差异,...     

深圳市龙岗区儿童头发和全血中锌、铅含量的测定和比较分析

用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪测定了龙岗区布吉镇223例3～4岁健康儿童全血和头发的锌、铅含量，给出了各元素在全血和头发中的平均含量值和变动范围。结果表明，头发中的微量元素含量一般较全血中为高，且变动较小。对儿童全血微量元素含量随年龄、体重、性别变化及全血和头发中锌、铅含量的相关关系进行了统计学检验。通过对测定值的比较分析，认为无论是头发或是全血，男性或女性，铅和锌均呈负相关，且大多有显著性；男性和女性的发铅和血铅均呈显著正相关，而女性发锌与血锌也呈显著正相关。     

Improving Energy Metabolism of Deproteinized Extract of Calf Blood Through Regulation of Hmgcs2, Cpt1a,Angptl4, Cyp8b1, and Ehhadh Genes in Mice

Herein, we described the physicochemical properties of deproteinized extract of calf blood(DECB) and established a hypoxia model treated with or without DECB to detect the sugar, lactic acid, protein, and ATP contents of mice and then identified and analyzed the differentially expressed genes between two groups using mRNA expression chip. According to the results of the airtight hypoxia experiment, mice in the model+DECB group had a signifi? cantly prolonged time of hypoxia tolerance compared with the model group. The biochemical test indicated that DECB could significantly increase the level of sugar, ATP and proteins and reduce the amount of lactic acid in mice. It also revealed that Hmgcs2, Cptla, Angptl4, Cyp8b], and Ehhadh genes were involved in mice energy metabolism, and were closely associated witli metabolic signaling pathway. These results suggest that DECB might be a potential drug to treat metabolic diseases. Among the genes with differential expression under hypoxia, Angptl4, Cyp8bl, and Ehhadh were critical factors for sugar metabolism. Hmgcs2 provided energy directly, and Cptla regulated cellular inflammatory responses, promoting energy metabolism.     

胎儿脐带血铅水平与钙、锌、铁的关系研究

目的研究胎儿脐带血中的铅与钙、锌、铁的含量以及两两之间的相关性。方法采用原子吸收光谱法对398例脐带血铅和钙、锌、铁的含量进行测定,并对它们进行相关性分析。结果 398例脐带血铅和钙、锌、铁的质量浓度分别为铅(37.96±17.78)μg/L、钙(1.51±0.29)mmol/L、锌(30.01±11.14)μmol/L、铁(8.63±1.39)mmol/L。线性回归分析显示:铅与钙(r=-0.563,P0.01)、铅与锌(r=-0.424,P0.01)有相关性,铅与铁无显著相关(r=0.018,P0.05)。结论随着胎儿体内血铅水平的上升,二价元素钙、锌含量有下降趋势,即中毒元素铅会干扰胎儿体内的必需二价元素的代谢。     

血细胞分析仪检测红、白细胞及血红蛋白系数的校准程序

对几种不同型号的血细胞分析仪检测红、白细胞及血红蛋白系数的校准程序进行了说明。     

Determination of hexabromocyclododecane enantiomers in chicken whole blood by a modified quick,easy, cheap,effective, rugged,and safe method with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry

A rapid and simple analytical method has been developed for the determination of hexabromocyclododecane enantiomers in chicken whole blood, based on a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach before liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The factors influencing performance of method were investigated by single factor experiment, and further optimized by the response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design. The matrix effects were also evaluated by the isotopic dilution method. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 1–500 μg/L and good repeatability with relative standard deviation less than 9.5% (n = 5). The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were 0.03–0.19 μg/L. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of hexabromocyclododecane enantiomers in real chicken blood samples. The satisfactory recoveries ranging of 83.6–115.0% were obtained (at spiked levels of 5, 20, and 100 μg/L). The results demonstrated that the proposed method would be a practical value method for the determination of hexabromocyclododecane enantiomers in animal blood. It would be further developed with confidence to analyze other lipophilic organic pollutants in blood sample.     

Simultaneous determination of Fe, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu in whole blood by two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Availability of many biological samples in ample quantity for biomedical investigations sometimes is very restricted. Therefore, there is the need for the simple techniques allowing the analysis of small amount samples. In the present work the two-jet plasma atomic emission spectrometry techniques for the determination of Fe, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu in whole blood are proposed. The first technique is developed for direct analysis of freeze-dried blood. The sample preparation consisted in a dilution of blood powder (particle size 20 μm or less) with a spectroscopic buffer (graphite powder containing 15 wt.% NaCl). For the analysis of liquid whole blood, previous carbonization (not ashing) of blood evaporated on graphite powder was applied. Calibration samples based on graphite powder containing 15 wt.% NaCl were used. The validation of the techniques was confirmed by the use of different sample preparation procedures (wet acid digestion and dry carbonization), the analysis of IAEA A-13 reference material (freeze-dried bovine whole blood), and the comparison of the results obtained by the proposed technique with the results of the stripping voltammetry technique. Just 20-50 μL of whole blood is quite enough for all determinations. The proposed techniques were successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of Fe, P, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu in whole blood of living experimental rats and mice and human blood.     

LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of tenofovir,emtricitabine, elvitegravir and rilpivirine in dried blood spots

A simple, short, and rugged LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of tenofovir, emtricitabine, elvitegravir and rilpivirine was developed and validated. Dried blood spots were prepared with 25 μL of spiked whole blood. A 3 mm punch was extracted with methanol containing labeled internal standards. Ten microliters was injected into the LC–MS/MS using isocratic mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (45: 55 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The method was validated in the range of 10–2000 ng/mL for all four analytes. The intra‐assay accuracy (RE) of the method was −4.73–4.78, 1.35–2.89, −8.89 to −0.49 and − 1.40–1.81 for tenofovir, emtricitabine, elvitegravir and rilpivirine, respectively. The inter‐assay accuracy was within ±15% of nominal and precision (CV) was <15%. The hematocrit effect on quantification was nonsignificant at the tested hematocrit levels (35–70%). The dried blood spot method showed good agreement with the plasma method, and hence can be used as an alternative to plasma method.     

铬,硒,镉,锰与心脑血管疾病

通过对５０例心脑血管疾病病人及５０例健康对照组血中微量元素铬、硒、镉、锰的检测分析证实，心脑血管疾病病人血清Ｃｒ、Ｓｅ含量下降，Ｃｄ含量未见明显升高，并进一步探讨了这些微量元素与心脑血管疾病的发生发展的关系及其临床意义。     

血癌调节剂—（4S,5R）—5—羟基—4—癸内酯的合成

(4S,5R)-5-羟基-4-癸内酯1对血癌具有调节作用。本文首先利用Sharpless动力学拆分反应制得光学活性的环氧化合物,然后再通过其它反应合成具有生理活性的化合物1。     

富硒肝对大鼠GSH-Px、GSH和游离巯基含量的影响

为观察富硒肝和亚硒酸钠对大鼠抗氧化能力的影响。将6只大鼠分为两组:A组用亚硒酸钠[按Se元素计,6μg/(只.d)]灌胃,B组用富硒肝[按Se元素计,6μg/(只.d)]灌胃。于灌胃第0、4、8、12、16、20天内眦采血,测定血浆和血细胞内液中GSH-Px活力以及GSH、游离巯基的含量。结果表明:①给药20 d后A、B组血浆和血细胞内液GSH-Px活力和GSH含量均明显高于灌胃前(P0.05);②A、B组血浆中游离巯基的含量略有增加,而血细胞内含量则大幅降低(P0.05)。结论:经口给予富硒肝可诱导大鼠产生较多的抗氧化物质,增强大鼠的抗氧化能力。其作用可达同剂量亚硒酸钠水平。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定人血红细胞中锌、铁、镁

人血红细胞样品经低渗Triton X-100溶液超声振荡溶血处理并稀释100倍后采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中锌、铁和镁的含量。锌、铁和镁的检出限(3S/N)分别为2.44×10~(-3),2.85×10~(-2),1.56×10~(-3)mg·L~(-1),相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为0.69%～1.03%,2.85%～3.84%,0.92%～1.22%。应用该法分析同一混合人血红细胞样品,测定结果与酸消化法测得的结果一致,3种元素的加标回收率为95.0%～110.0%之间。     

广东地区儿童全血铅、锰、锌、铜、铁参考区间的调查分析

微量元素检测受到多种因素的影响,其正常参考区问的建立也显得非常复杂。为建也广东地区儿童全血铅、锰、锌、铜、铁的参考区间,通过规范化的样本采集、检测过程中严格的质量控制、科学的统计方法,对来自广东地区的4968份样本进行了调查分析。分析结果表明,除全血铁外,儿童全血铅、锰、锌、铜的值呈偏态分布;广东地区绝大部分儿童全血铅水平仍处在相对安全的水平;全血锰参考值范围与大多数文献不一致,可能与工业污染有关;实验室的全血锌参考区间整体低于一般实验室,可能与使用去除了微量元素的专用采样管有关。     

血液化学

血液是人和动物体内不可缺少的重要组成部分,通过化学方法改变血型和合成人造血液是改善血液供求不足现状的一个重要途径。这是我们化学家、生物学家和医学家共同努力的方向。     

杭州市下城区572例2～6岁社区儿童血铅、锌、钙、铁含量检测及相关分析

对杭州下城区572例2～6岁儿童血铅、锌、钙、铁含量进行了检测。结果显示,572例2～6岁儿童血铅平均值为89 97μg/L,其中191例儿童血铅值≥100μg/L,占总调查人数33 4%;铅中毒组的血清锌均值低于正常组,差别有非常显著意义(P<0 01);血清钙、铁含量两组差别无显著意义;铅中毒组血铅与血清锌呈负相关。提示对铅中毒儿童及时纠正低锌状态是减少肠道对铅吸收的重要措施。建议3周岁社区儿童常规检测血铅,以便及时进行铅个体干预。