铜蒸气激光脉冲终止机理的数值研究

建立了一个反映纵向脉冲放电激励铜蒸气激光动力学过程的自洽物理模型并进行了数值求解. 根据模拟结果深入分析了铜蒸气激光脉冲的终止机理，表明受激辐射跃迁、激光下能级的电子碰撞激发和激光上能级的铜原子经电子碰撞被抽运到更高激发能级这三个过程，是导致激光脉冲终止的重要因素. 关键词： 铜蒸气激光 激光脉冲终止机制 电子碰撞 更高激发能级     

飞秒激光多脉冲烧蚀镍钛合金的数值模拟

为了研究飞秒激光多脉冲累积效应对镍钛合金材料的影响,通过考虑多脉冲之间的时间间隔改写激光光源项,利用改进的双温模型,采用有限差分法,对飞秒激光三脉冲烧蚀镍钛合金的温度场分布进行数值模拟,得到了电子和晶格温度随时间和烧蚀深度的演化规律.分析了多脉冲累积效应的内在机理;讨论了三脉冲条件下不同参量对电子和晶格温度的影响.结果表明:镍钛合金在飞秒激光三脉冲的作用下,电子有3个递增的峰值温度,相比单脉冲的作用,三脉冲使电子和晶格温度明显升高;多脉冲的时间间隔直接影响多脉冲的累积效应;脉冲宽度影响电子的峰值温度和达到峰值温度所用的时间;激光能量密度影响电子和晶格的温度;电声耦合常量对电子与晶格的耦合时间和电子晶格的平衡温度也有重要影响.     

相对论飞秒激光脉冲在真空中对预加速电子的加速

通过求解电子运动的相对论方程，发现预加速电子在超强超短激光脉冲的作用下可以获得很高的能量增益. 飞秒激光脉冲的上升沿在焦点附近的区域有效加速电子后，电子和光脉冲一起传播一段距离（远大于瑞利长度）后，激光强度变得很弱，从而使脉冲下降沿对电子的减速作用可以忽略不计，因此电子只经历加速过程而没有被减速，当电子和光脉冲分离时，电子获得了很高的能量增益. 当光强为10¹⁹Ｗ／cm² ，电子的初始能量为MeV量级时，电子的能量增益可以达到01GeV. 进一步讨论了电子的能量增益与电子的初始条件与激光脉冲的参数之间的关系. 关键词： 电子加速 飞秒激光脉冲 能量增益     

激光脉冲能量对激光诱导铝合金等离子体物理特性的影响

为研究激光脉冲能量对激光诱导等离子体辐射特性和膨胀过程的影响,采用ICCD相机对不同激光脉冲能量激发的铝合金等离子体进行快速成像,并利用Boltzmann斜线法和Stark展宽法分析等离子体的电子温度和电子数密度随激光脉冲能量的演化规律.实验结果表明,激光诱导等离子体呈现明显的分层结构,等离子体的激发阈值约为3mJ,等离子体不同区域的面积随激光脉冲能量变化呈现不同的特征.当激光脉冲能量低于10mJ时,等离子体的分层结构不显著.激光脉冲能量从10mJ增加到100mJ过程中,等离子体电子温度从4 980K升高到7 221K,等离子体的电子数密度在1017 cm-3量级并随激光能量增加而增大且趋于饱和.     

超短强激光脉冲驱动等离子体波加速电子方案

随着超短脉冲激光技术的发展, 人们可以在台面尺度获得光强超过10¹⁸W/cm²、脉宽小于100fs的超短脉冲激光.超短脉冲激光很容易把静止的电子加速到兆电子伏的能量. 而更重要的是超短激光脉冲可以通过其有质动力激发大振幅的等离子体波(称为激光尾波场), 后者可以在毫米空间尺度把电子加速到上百兆电子伏的能量.文章将介绍激光尾波场加速电子的物理机制和方案、这个领域的最新进展、以及目前存在的问题.     

数值模拟飞秒激光加热金属的热电子发射

研究了超短超强激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用中产生的电子热发射.当超短激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用时,首先入射超短脉冲激光对吸收深度内的自由电子进行热激发,接下来热激发电子将能量传递到附近的晶格,再通过电子和晶格二体系的热传导,以及电子晶格间的热耦合,将能量传递到材料的内部.因此,电子在皮秒级甚至更短的时间内不能与晶格进行能量耦合,使电子温度超出晶格温度很多,电子热发射就变得非常明显了.用双温方程联合Richardson-Dushman方程的方法对飞秒脉冲激光照射金属靶的电子热发射进行了研究,结果发现电子热发射对飞     

飞秒激光脉冲和液体等离子体相互作用产生的高能电子特性研究

文章研究了单脉冲和多脉冲飞秒激光和水等离子体相互作用产生的高能电子特性 ,发现多脉冲激光构型可以大幅度地增强超热电子的产生和提高其温度 .实验观测到在激光偏振面内 ,沿与激光轴反向夹角 4 6°的方向 ,对称地喷射出两束能量大于 2 5keV的高能电子 .二维粒子模拟结果和实验符合很好 .实验和理论都表明 ,这些超热电子是通过后续脉冲与前面脉冲形成的球形液滴相互作用产生的 ,具体机制为共振吸收 .     

外加静电场的聚焦激光脉冲真空加速电子方案

采用五阶修正的聚焦激光光场方程模拟研究了由Singh提出的在电子和激光脉冲作用尾部阶段施加外场的加速方案,将Singh方案中采用的外加磁场改成了外加电场,并且考虑了光束的纵向电场和光束衍射效应.模拟结果显示,电子可以从加速相位阶段被外场导入下一个加速相位阶段而不进入减速相位阶段,因此电子能获得比不加外场方案更高的净能增益. 关键词： 强激光 激光加速     

激光脉冲宽度对有质动力加速电子的影响

基于真空中单电子运动模型,编程计算得到了高斯激光脉冲与初始位于激光传播轴上电子的相互作用结果。不同激光参鼍条件下,得到了电子的能量增益与激光强度、焦斑大小和脉冲宽度关系。结果表明,高斯激光脉冲焦斑较大时,电子没有明显的能量增益,高斯激光脉冲焦斑太小时,电子也没有明显的能量增益。电子的能量增益有一个最佳焦斑大小。在相同激光强度下,电子能量增益的最佳焦斑大小随脉冲宽度的增大而增大,但最佳焦斑大小与脉冲宽度的比值基本上是不变的。     

利用单飞秒激光脉冲驱动类氖钛X射线激光的研究

提出了一种利用单飞秒激光脉冲驱动类氖钛X射线激光的物理方案.利用自相似方法研究了不同脉冲前沿的单飞秒激光辐照钛平板靶产生的类氖钛X射线激光等离子体的特性,得到了电子温度、电子密度和定标长度三者的定标律,讨论了给定输入参数下各定标律曲线的特性.研究表明,利用单个飞秒激光能够实现X射线激光的产生,而且脉冲前沿强度随时间增长平缓的飞秒激光有利于驱动X射线激光.本研究为实验上实现单飞秒激光脉冲驱动X射线激光提供了一种新的方案.     

A self-consistent Maltsev pulse model

A self-consistent model for an electron pulse propagating through a plasma is presented. In this model, the charge imbalance between plasma ions, plasma electrons and pulse electrons creates the travelling potential well in which the pulse electrons are trapped.     

等离子体界面附近激光场中电子的运动

分析了在等离子体中两个不同密度区的交界面附近激光场中电子的运动.导出了电子横向动量与纵向动量的相互关系的一般方程.分析发现,介质的非均匀性导致电子运动特性的重要改变.在一定条件下,这种非均匀性有利于注入电子获得加速.     

On the possibility of the emission of attosecond pulses owing to the interaction of counterpropagating relativistically intense laser pulses with a thin layer of a diluted plasma

A numerical experiment in which two relativistically intense laser pulses are normally incident on a layer of a diluted plasma from two opposite sides is described. The period of Langmuir plasma oscillations is much larger than the pulse duration and the product of this period by the speed of light is much larger than the thickness of the layer. A pulse propagating to the right is incident on the layer earlier than the counter pulse and carries a significant fraction of electrons or all of the electrons from the plasma. Under certain conditions, electrons form a bunch, which contains most of the electrons and has a thickness much smaller than the wavelength of light. The counter pulse perturbs the motion of the bunch and initiates the emission of a short few-cycle pulse, which propagates in the positive direction (to the right), significantly differs in structure from the counter pulse, and has a duration much smaller than the field period in laser pulses.     

A New Scheme for High‐Intensity Laser‐Driven Electron Acceleration in a Plasma

We propose a new approach to high‐intensity relativistic laser‐driven electron acceleration in a plasma. Here, we demonstrate that a plasma wave generated by a stimulated forward‐scattering of an incident laser pulse can be in the longest acceleration phase with injected relativistic beam electrons. This is why the plasma wave has the maximum amplification coefficient which is determined by the acceleration time and the breakdown (overturn) electric field in which the acceleration of the injected beam electrons occurs. We must note that for the longest acceleration phase the relativity of the injected beam electrons plays a crucial role in our scheme. We estimate qualitatively the acceleration parameters of relativistic electrons in the field of a plasma wave generated at the stimulated forward‐scattering of a high‐intensity laser pulse in a plasma. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

激光与相对论电子束相互作用中阿秒X射线脉冲的产生

本文对激光与相对论电子束相互作用产生的阿秒X射线脉冲进行了研究.阿秒X射线脉冲是由于激光被相对论运动的电子束经过汤姆孙后向散射产生的.讨论了等离子体参数对产生的阿秒X射线的影响.发现其波长随着入射激光的频率的增加或电子束的速度增加而减小.选择合适的参数还可以获得"水窗"波段的X射线.还讨论了相对论电子束的密度与其前沿的密度梯度的大小对所产生X射线的转化效率的影响. 关键词： 阿秒X射线脉冲 汤姆孙后向散射 超强激光 相对论电子束     

Excess-energy electrons in a nanosecond electron beam from a vacuum diode

The characteristics of an IMA3-150É sealed-off vacuum diode connected to a RADAN-220 nanosecond pulser are investigated. It is found that the electron beam behind the foil contains electrons with an energy exceeding the voltage applied to the diode. It is shown that the elevated-energy electrons appear at the leading edge of a current pulse, the FWHM of the current pulse of these electrons is 200–450 ps, and the pulse amplitude reaches several tens of amperes.     

微通道板动态特性的数值模拟

对皮秒高压脉冲驱动下微通道板中电子的渡越时间特性和增益特性进行了数值模拟,在电压脉冲波形分别为高斯形、三角形和梯形时,得到了电子渡越时间与电压脉冲宽度、幅度的关系曲线。在考虑入射电子为一高斯电子脉冲的情况下,获得了增益曲线的半峰全宽和峰值随脉冲电压幅度、宽度的变化规律。分析结果表明：当微通道板两端所加电压为梯形波时,微通道板中电子的渡越时间特性和增益特性较加三角波和高斯波要好。     

Electron injection in laser wake-field acceleration by using near critical layers

A method for enhancing trapped electrons in the laser wake-field acceleration in dilute plasma is proposed. In this method, a thin layer with near critical density is placed in front of the dilute plasma. Upon interaction of this layer with a short and high power laser pulse, a relatively large number of layer electrons are injected in dilute plasma. Some of these electrons are trapped in the wake-field of transmitted laser pulse. Particle in cell simulation is used to demonstrate this method. Simulations showed that in addition to increasing the number of trapped electrons, this mechanism also reduces the energy broadening.     

Thomson-backscattered x rays from laser-accelerated electrons

We present the first observation of Thomson-backscattered light from laser-accelerated electrons. In a compact, all-optical setup, the "photon collider," a high-intensity laser pulse is focused into a pulsed He gas jet and accelerates electrons to relativistic energies. A counterpropagating laser probe pulse is scattered from these high-energy electrons, and the backscattered x-ray photons are spectrally analyzed. This experiment demonstrates a novel source of directed ultrashort x-ray pulses and additionally allows for time-resolved spectroscopy of the laser acceleration of electrons.     

Rydberg state ionization by half-cycle-pulse excitation: strong kicks create slow electrons

The asymptotic velocity distribution of electrons ionized in half-cycle-pulse excitation of high Rydberg states (n=34), placed in a static electric field, is studied using electron velocity-map imaging. At weak half-cycle pulse strengths, the electrons escape over the saddle point in the potential. For strong half-cycle pulses, the electrons are emitted in the direction of the field kick. The much slower and less intense half cycle of opposite polarity, which necessarily follows the main half-cycle pulse, strongly affects the momentum distribution and reduces the excess energy of the electrons significantly.