THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON THE NUCLEATION OF MICRO-DAMAGE IN CEMENT MORTAR UNDER COMPRESSIVE LOADING AND SULFATE ATTACK

Effect of uniaxial compression on the nucleation of micro-damage in cement mortar under sulfate attack is investigated.Shape and size of micro-voids in cement mortar is detected using Micro Computed Tomography techniques.The formation of delayed ettringite crystal is analyzed using scanning electron microscope and energy disperse spectrum methods.Deformation of micro-voids and the distribution of stress at the surface of a micro-void are calculated.It is found that the nucleation of micro-cracks is caused by the tensile stress at the voids’ surface,and such damage nucleation will be speeded up by the remote uniaxial compressive load.     

TRANSVERSAL INERTIAL EFFECT ON RELAXATION/RETARDATION TIME OF CEMENT MORTAR UNDER HARMONIC WAVE

Under dynamic loading, the constitutive relation of the cement mortar will be significantly affected by the transversal inertial effect of specimens with large diameters. In this paper, one-dimensional theoretical analysis is carried out to determine the transversal inertial effect on the relaxation/retardation time of the cement mortar under the harmonic wave. Relaxation time or retardation time is obtained by means of the wave velocity, attenuation coefficient and the frequency of the harmonic wave. Thus, the transversal inertial effect on the relaxation time from Maxwell model, as well as on retardation time from Voigt model is analyzed. The results show that the transversal inertial effect may lead to the increase of the relaxation time, but induce the decrease of the retardation time. Those should be taken into account when eliminating the transversal inertial effect in applications.     

受轴向撞击破坏的玻璃─环氧圆柱壳的等效模型

将圆柱壳受轴向撞击破坏简化为一维问题,应用一维应力波传播的理论分析了破坏过程,由此计算了圆柱壳的吸能能力．结果表明,模型计算与撞击试验符合较好．     

PREDICTION OF PROJECTILE PENETRATION AND PERFORATION BY FINITE CAVITY EXPANSION METHOD WITH THE FREE-SURFACE EFFECT

With a target treated as the incompressible Tresca and Mohr-Coulomb material, by assuming that cavity expansion produces plastic-elastic and plastic-cracked-elastic response region, the decay function for the free-surface effect is constructed for metal and geological tar- gets, respectively. The forcing function for oblique penetration and perforation is obtained by multiplying the forcing function derived on the basis of infinite target assumption with the de- cay function. Then the projectile is modeled with an explicit transient dynamic finite element code and the target is represented by the forcing function as the pressure boundary condition. This methodology eliminates discretizing the target as well as the need for a complex contact algorithm and is implemented in ABAQUS explicit solver via the user subroutine VDLOAD. It is found that the free-surface effect must be considered in terms of the projectile deformation, residual velocity, projectile trajectory, ricochet limits and critical reverse velocity. The numerical predictions are in good agreement with the available experimental data if the free-surface effect is taken into account.     

纳米双晶铜单向拉伸弹性性能的应变率效应和尺寸效应

利用分子动力学方法研究了双晶铜在单向拉伸载荷作用下弹性性能的应变率效应和尺寸效应.结果表明:随着加载应变率的改变,纳米双晶铜的初始弹性模量在低应变率区和高应变率区表现出不同的规律.在低应变率区,弹性模量基本不随应变率的变化而变化;但在高应变率区,弹性模量随应变率的增大而增大,弹性模量和加载应变率之间满足近似的对数线性关系.因此,存在一个控制弹性模量应变率效应的应变率阈值.进一步的研究发现,双晶纳米铜的应变率阈值随着截面尺寸的增大而减小,具有明显的尺寸依赖性.     

含强约束界面片状夹杂复合陶瓷热膨胀系数预报

以含强约束界面相片状夹杂复合陶瓷的细观结构为基础,建立含片状夹杂、强约束界面相、基体氛围和有效介质组成的四相模型,将片状夹杂、强约束界面相和基体氛围构成的三相胞元看作复合夹杂,根据Eshelby理论,确定了含同向片状夹杂复合陶瓷的有效热膨胀系数的解析表达式,复合陶瓷为横观各向同性,有2个独立的热膨胀系数.定量分析表明含同向片状夹杂的强约束界面复合陶瓷的有效热膨胀系数具有明显的尺度效应.     

分子动力学模拟金属纳米杆

纳米结构（包括纳米杆）的力学性能是纳米超微型器件设计的基础，分子动力学是研究纳米结构力学为的有效方法，采用EAM势模拟金属铜纳米杆在轴向压力作用下的力学行为，结果表明，当外力较小时，纳米杆受压发生纵向收缩；当外力达到某一临界值时，纳米杆发生横向弯曲（即屈曲）行为；稳定的弯曲状态能继承受外载，当外力继续增大时，纳米杆发生倾覆而失效。     

一类多孔固体的等效偶应力动力学梁模型

一维多孔固体结构可采用等效连续介质梁模型来研究其动力学行为. 当类梁结构的高度尺寸和多孔固体单胞结构尺寸相近时,等效模型的力学行为会产生尺寸效应现象. 等效经典模型由于不包含尺度参数而无法描述尺寸相关特点,而广义连续介质力学模型则可以准确地考虑尺寸效应的影响. 基于偶应力理论,对一类单胞含有圆形孔洞的周期性多孔固体类梁结构,给出了分析其横向自由振动的等效连续介质铁木辛柯梁模型. 通过对单胞分析,在应变能等价和几何平均的意义下,定义了等效偶应力介质的材料常数. 利用已有的材料常数,推导了等效铁木辛柯梁的动力学微分方程. 将实际多孔固体结构进行完全的动力学有限元离散计算,所获得的解作为精确解以检验等效梁模型所获得的频率和振型的精度. 振型的比较借助于模态置信准则矩阵方法. 大量算例表明,等效偶应力铁木辛柯梁模型在频率和振型两方面均具有较高的计算精度. 重点研究了单胞孔径的相对大小、类梁结构高度与单胞尺寸比以及类梁结构长高比对等效梁模型精度的影响. 在此基础上,偏保守地建议了多孔固体类梁结构自振分析方法.      

考虑尺寸效应的多晶金属循环塑性分析

采用多晶塑性分析方法,设材料单元包含一定数量的各向异性单晶晶粒并考虑晶粒尺寸的影响,利用Taylor假设计算材料单元的应力和应变.模型引入考虑尺寸效应的晶体滑移硬化函数,同时针对晶体滑移引入背应力及其方向性硬化的描述,以反映不同晶粒尺寸材料在循环加载条件下的力学行为,利用该模型,论文第一作者采用显式格式编制了与ABAQUS商用有限元软件接口的用户材料子程序(VUMAT),实例计算证实该模型可以反映和描述多晶金属材料在反复加载条件下的循环塑性行为与尺寸效应.     

铜合金微塑性成形力学性能及其本构关系

对不同晶粒大小、不同特征尺寸的H62黄铜箔进行微拉伸实验,分析试样晶粒大小和特征尺寸对材料变形行为的影响.随着晶粒尺寸的减小,试样拉伸屈服应力逐渐增大,晶粒尺寸对屈服应力的影响满足Hall-Petch细晶强化关系;屈服强度随厚度的减小先减弱而后增强,随宽度的减小而增强;晶体塑性理论、表面层模型可以解释延伸率、抗拉强度随比表面积的增大而减小的现象.在实验数据的基础上通过修正双线性模型建立H62黄铜箔微塑性成形本构模型.