对可逆电极分类的一点思考

以电解质溶液中氧化态物种和还原态物种的数目作为统一标准对可逆电极进行分类。这种分类方法简单明确,只涉及一个分类标准,分类结果与多数教材相符合,便于学生对可逆电极的理解和记忆。     

分散电极的制备及其分散差电池的电动势

物质超细化后除产生强烈的量子尺寸效应和宏观量子遂道效应外,还将产生强烈的表面效应和体积效应等。这些效应可改变其的电化学性质。早在1982年Plieth[1]就发现了金属颗粒的粒度对电极电势有影响,随后又在理论和实验方面做了许多工作[2,3]。后来人们又不断发现,组成电极的粉末     

电极反应速率与电极电势的关系

着重阐述电化学极化的产生，并通过建立ＢｕｔｌｅｒＶｏｌｍｅｒ方程，定量讨论电极电势的变化对电极反应速率的影响     

设计可逆电池的简单方法

介绍了通过确定电解质溶液、确定电极、复核反应等步骤把化学反应(或物理变化)设计成可逆电池的简单方法。     

一种设计可逆电池的教学方法——“添配法”

一种设计可逆电池的教学方法———“添配法”喻殿英（景德镇陶瓷学院基础课部３３３００１）在物理化学课的电化学教学中，为了将化学反应设计成为可逆电池，作为一种教和学的方法，笔者在这里提出了“添配法”。一个化学反应，例如Ａｇ２Ｏ的生成反应２Ａｇ（ｓ）＋１２...     

聚苯胺薄膜电极上循环伏安法可逆波理论和验证

提出了聚苯胺薄膜电极上循环伏安法可逆波方程式，对伏安曲线的性质进行了详细的讨论。聚苯胺薄膜电极是利用浓度为１．０９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ苯胺溶液（内含２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ）在铂电极上用恒电流（０．０１－０．１ｍＡ／ｃｍ＾２）使苯胺发生氧化反应进而经聚合获得。结果表明，该法得到的聚苯胺膜具有良好的均匀度和单一性。在１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ底液中获得的循环伏安曲线与理论结果相符合。     

生物小分子次黄嘌呤在银电极上的电化学性质

本文研究了银电极上次黄嘌呤的电化学特性。在含次黄嘌呤的醋酸～醋酸钠缓冲溶液中(pH3.7)，在0.35～0V电位区间内，银电极上出现一个还原峰，扫速50 mV/s时，其峰电位约在0.15V。该电极过程为单电子单质子过程。电化学和光谱电化学结果表明：这是由于次黄嘌呤与银形成难溶性化合物吸附于银电极表面而造成的。实验测得此难溶化合物的组成为1∶1，其溶度积为3.10×10^-7。用DPSV作阴极溶出分析，峰电流与次黄嘌呤浓度在8.0×10^-7～1.0×10^-     

超微带电极上准稳态可逆波及其微分,半微分理论

本文推导了超微带电极上准稳态过程可逆波及其微分、半微分伏安曲线方程式，对曲线的性质进行了详细的讨论。在Ｋ４Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）６·ＫＣｌ体系中用超微金带电极对理论进行了验证，结果表明，理论与实验相符。     

A New Redox Reaction of Ascorbic Acid at Platinum Electrodes

A pair of new redox peaks of ascorbic acid at a platinum electrode was found and studied in detailed by spectroelectrochemistry and electrochemistry technologies. This is a quasi‐reversible redox reaction with a one‐electron transfer process. The intermediate of tertiary carbon free radical exists in this process. The appearance reaction rate constant and the diffusion coefficient were investigated. A possible reaction mechanism has been proposed.     

New Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determination of Bupivacaine and Oxybuprocaine

Abstract

PVC membrane electrodes selective for hydrochlorides of the anaesthetics bupivacaine (BpC) and oxybuprocaine (ObC) are prepared. The electrodes have a near Nernstian slope (58 mV for BpC and 51 mV for ObC electrodes) over the range of 1.6 × 10^?5-10^?1M and 1.3 × 10^?1M for BpC and ObC electrodes, respectively. The change in pH of the test solution within the ranges 2.5–6.0 and 3.0–7.4 does not affect the EpC-and ObC-electrodes, respectively. The electrodes have very long life times (10 days for BpC, and 3 months for ObC) and exhibit good seletivity for the investigated compounds with respect to a large number of inorganic cations and organic substances of biological importance. The isothermal coefficients of the electrodes are calculated from the standard electrode potentials at different temperatures. BpC and ObC are determined successfully in some pharmaceutical preparations using the calibration graph technique and potentiometric titration.     

New Modified Electrodes for the Separate Determination of Polyoxyethylated Nonylphenols

Electrochemical systems and ionophore compositions for solid-state nonionic surfactant-selective electrodes (NS-SEs) were proposed. The main electrochemical and performance characteristics of nonionic surfactant sensors were determined. It was demonstrated that surfaces of NS sensors can be modified with polyvinyl chloride molecular sieves. It was found that the modified electrodes provide the separate determination of polyoxyethylated nonylphenols differing in the number of oxyethyl groups.     

A Potentiometric Multisensor System of Anion-Selective Electrodes Based on Ionic Liquids

The possibility of using solid-state and liquid PVC-membrane electrodes based on ionic liquids to design a potentiometric multisensor system is assessed. Ionic liquids with 1,3-dihexadecylimidazolium cation and chloride, bromide, iodide, and nitrate anions are used. The sensitivity parameters of the sensors are determined. A multisensor array is applied to detect chloride and iodide anions in the multicomponent mixture. The designed system is used to discriminate between mineral waters of different compositions by applying the method of principal component analysis (PCA).     

一种使用叉指式带列微电极的电流型微检测器的研制

本文研制了一种微型电流型检测器,它使用带宽为6μm、间距为4μm的叉指式带列微电极作为工作电极,并通过光刻技术把参比电极和对电极一起制作在一块细小硅片上,检测器的面积只有约5mm~2。测试结果表明,该检测器对于可逆氧化还原物质尤其具有高灵敏度和快速响应特性,且需要的样品量甚微,是一种具有应用价值的新型微型检测器。     

A New Hybrid Model of Amino Acid Substitution for Protein Functional Classification

In recent years, methods of protein sequences analysis have been gradually evolved into two directions: One is based on the models of probability and statistics1-4; the other is based on the digital signal processing technologies 5-8. The latter mainly converts the protein character sequences into digital signals and uses some signal processing methods to analyze them, i.e., fast Fourier transform (FFT). However, it is still unsolved how to characterize the protein sequences accurately with …     

A New Detector System for Continuous-Flow TLC

Abstract

A new detector system for continuous-flow TLC is described that provides possibilities both for optical and for electrochemical measurements with low detection limits.     

微流控芯片电解质介导连接在柱式电导检测

研制了一种新型在柱式微流控芯片电导检测装置,利用电解质介导连接分离样品和检测电极,避免了电极的污染和中毒.在芯片的分离通道上设有双T型通道和十字型通道,分别用于进样和检测.检测电极分别置于十字通道口两端的储液池中,电极与芯片相互独立,简化了实验装置,便于电极的更换和清洗.采用缓冲溶液作介导电解质,减小了因两者浓度或种类不同而导致的基线漂移.与非接触电导接触相比,本装置在较低的检测电压(2.5～4.0 V)和频率(700～1700 Hz)范围即可获得相对灵敏的信号.在15 mmol/L MES-His(pH 5.8)的缓冲体系下,K+与Na+的检出限分别为0.5和0.1 μmol/L.     

Nanocarbons: Opening New Possibilities for Nano-engineered Novel Catalysts and Catalytic Electrodes

Nanocarbons find increasing relevance for the development of advanced, sometimes radically new, catalysts and catalytic electrodes. This perspective contribution discusses the potential of nanocarbons as a new class of catalytic materials, even if carbons (in the form mainly of active carbon materials) are already extensively applied as supports for catalysts. The control of nano-dimension and the improved understanding in tailoring the surface reactivity open new possibilities for their nano-engineering and the development of novel catalytic materials. With focus on the nature of the active sites in nanocarbon catalysts, we discuss here some of the novel possibilities opened by these materials to address the new challenges for catalysis deriving from moving to a more sustainable chemical and energy production.