白菜中有机磷农药的电纺纳米纤维固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定

以聚苯乙烯电纺纳米纤维为固相萃取介质填装固相萃取小柱,对白菜中的5种有机磷农药(杀扑磷、马拉硫磷、辛硫磷、丙溴磷、毒死蜱)富集净化,甲醇洗脱吸附在小柱上的农药后,用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器进行检测.对萃取次数、白菜样品提取液、洗脱液、pH值进行了优化,杀扑磷、马拉硫磷、辛硫磷、丙溴磷、毒死蜱在固相萃取小柱上的最大吸附量分别为2.9、3.5、5.6、3.7、7.8 mg/g,5种有机磷农药的平均加标回收率为68% ～97%,相对标准偏差为1.6% ～4.7%.测定喷洒5种农药后的白菜样品的萃取回收率为65% ～93%,相对标准偏差为1.6% ～4.0%,5种农药的检出限为0.02 ～0.1 mg/kg.该方法操作简单、价廉,能够用于白菜中有机磷农药的测定.     

环境中除草剂扑草净残留分析方法的研究

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定环境中土壤、水和小麦中除草剂扑草净残留量的分析方法。采用丙酮超声提取,硅胶柱层析净化,测定土壤中扑草净残留量;水样直接用LC-18固相萃取小柱分离、净化和富集;采用超声提取,甲醇∶水=1∶1(V/V)为提取剂,LC-18固相萃取小柱分离、净化,测定小麦样品中扑草净的残留。结果表明:HPLC法检测扑草净的线性范围为0.5～16 mg.L-1,相关系数R2=0.9999,方法的检出限为0.0125 mg.L-1。土壤的加标回收率为88.2%～102.4%,相对标准偏差为6.3%～6.4%;水样的加标回收率为81.7%～102.5%,相对标准偏差为4.5%～4.6%;小麦的加标回收率为88.4%～101.7%,相对标准偏差为3.6%～5.5%。     

固相萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中多种有机磷农药残留量

本文选择石墨碳黑固相萃取小柱对茶叶样品进行净化,样品中残留的农药经过乙腈洗脱,浓缩后采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器(FPD)测定.研究结果表明,茶叶中添加农药浓度为0.02～1.0 mg/kg时,9种农药的平均回收率为75.76%～107.9%,相对标准偏差为1.38%～8.95%,方法检出限为0.006～0.01 mg...     

固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水样中20种有机氯农药

建立了用固相萃取小柱提取和净化、GC/MS定性定量同时测定水样中20种有机氯农药的方法。方法采用OasisHLB固相萃取小柱萃取富集水样,二氯甲烷洗脱,加入菲-d₁₀作为内标,利用GC/MS进行定性定量,步骤简便,线性响应良好,干扰小,方法检出限为0.21～0.72 ng/L（按水样1L计）,加标回收率为64.8%～122%,RSD为1.2%～11.0 %。成功利用该方法对广西实际河水样品进行了检测。结果表明方法可以同时满足环境水样中20种痕量有机氯农药的测定。     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法检测食品中的三聚氰胺

样品经均质,1%三氯乙酸溶液提取,用OASIS MCX固相萃取小柱净化,减压浓缩后以甲醇溶解定容,用Waters BEH-C8柱分离,乙腈和水为流动相,经液相色谱-串联质谱法检测.三聚氰胺线性范围为0.1～10.0mg/kg,相关系数r为0.9999,平均回收率为71%～95%,相对标准偏差为4.56%～9.82%(n=6),方法的栓出限为0.5 mg/kg.     

柱前衍生-固相萃取/气相色谱法测定油菜、土壤中二氯吡啶酸

采用柱前衍生化法,建立了二氯吡啶酸在油菜植株、菜籽和土壤中的固相萃取-气相色谱测定方法.样品经NaOH溶液提取,乙酸乙酯萃取,甲醇浓硫酸衍生化后,Florsil固相萃取小柱净化,GC-ECD测定.空白油菜植株的平均添加回收率为82.8%～99.1%,RSD为1.0%～11%;菜籽的平均添加回收率为85.0%～94.9%,RSD为2.8%～8.5%;土壤的平均添加回收率为102.3%～109.7%,RSD为3.5%～9.8%.方法的检出限(LOD)为1.87μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为4.0μg/kg.方法可完全满足农药残留分析要求.     

液液提取-固相萃取-气相色谱法测定牛肉中蝇毒磷残留量的研究

建立了液液提取-固相萃取-气相色谱火焰光度法(LLE-SPE-GC-FPD)测定牛肉中蝇毒磷的残留量.优化了气相色谱分离条件,研究了样品基质对蝇毒磷测定的影响,考察了Florisil固相萃取小柱和ODS固相萃取小柱的萃取效果,并选择乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂,考察了液-液提取和固相萃取的回收率.将该方法用于牛肉中蝇毒磷的测定,其检出限为0.02 μg/mL,回收率高于83%,相对标准偏差13.7%.使用气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)对样品中的蝇毒磷进行定性分析,其特征离子和相对丰度为362(100)、226(55)和210(40).     

高效液相色谱法测定芦荟中多菌灵的残留量

建立了一种测定芦荟中多菌灵残留量的高效液相色谱分析方法.芦荟样品经乙酸乙酯提取、过滤、固相萃取小柱净化后,用配有紫外检测器的液相色谱仪检测,外标法定量.以V(甲醇)∶V(水)＝45∶55为流动相,在1.0 mL/min下等度洗脱,于282 nm波长下检测.在0.05～1.0 mg/L范围内,多菌灵的峰面积与其浓度呈良好的线性关系,最低检出限均可达到0.008 mg/kg,回收率为84.1%～88.3%,相对标准偏差低于2.6%.     

茶叶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯多种农药残留同时分析的样品前处理研究

建立了茶叶中同时分析12种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的样品提取和固相萃取(SPE)前处理方法.试样在超声条件下用正己烷提取后用自制弗罗里圭(florisil)/石墨化碳复合固相萃取小柱净化,然后采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)测定.研究结果表明,当茶叶中农药加标在4.93～201.00 ng/g范围内时,添加回收率为68.9%～112.2%,相对标准偏差为2.43%～15.8%,方法的检出限范围在2.52～10.59 ng/g.     

2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,5-二氨基苯固相萃取光度法测定痕量钯

根据2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-1,5-二氨基苯(QADAB)与钯的显色反应及MCI-GEL反相固相萃取小柱对显色络合物的固相萃取,建立了一种测定痕量钯的方法.在0.2～3.0 mol·L-1高氯酸介质中,溴化十六烷基三甲胺(CTMAB)存在下,QADAB与钯反应生成2:1稳定络合物,该络合物可被MCI-GEL反相固相萃取小柱萃取富集,富集的络合物用丙酮洗脱后用光度法测定,在丙酮介质中体系的最大吸收波长为600 nm,表观摩尔吸光率为9.63×104L·mol-1·cm-1.钯质量浓度在0.01～L 5 mg·L-1内符合比耳定律,方法用于几种实样中痕量钯的测定,测得回收率在86%～96%间.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.