新型双波长激光增益控制掺铒光纤放大器

掺铒光纤非均匀展宽引起的空间烧孔现象导致单波长激光并不能完全控制放大器增益。提出了一种新颖简单的结构，利用自由光谱范围为26．7nm的法布里－珀罗可调谐滤波器和由长周期光纤光栅制成的波长选择性可调谐的衰减器，有效地调整不同波长处的腔内损耗，可以实现不同强度的双波长激射。由两个不同波长的激光共同承担增益控制的任务，降低了控制激光引起的空间烧孔，同时双波长激射有效地抑制了信号光的弛豫振荡。     

Continuous wave photonic crystal laser in ultraviolet range

It is shown that photonic band-gap (PBG) structures have great potential for the development of widely tunable continues wave and/or mode-locked ultrashort-pulse all-solid-stale lasers in UV and optical ranges. The basic idea is to decrease the laser threshold via inhibition of radiative decay of an upper laser level by embedding an active medium into spatial structure having PBG at the frequency of laser transition. This technique provides favorable conditions for coherent suppression of the excited state absorption crucial for short-wavelength solid-state lasing. It also resolves the laser gain dilemma, providing combination of high emission cross-section and large population inversion. Different designs of 2D and 3D photonic crystal laser are proposed.     

Numerical study of converting beat-note signals of dual-frequency lasers to optical frequency combs by optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers

The optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers to dual-frequency lasers is studied by numerical simulations. The beat-note signals can be effectively transformed to optical frequency combs due to the effective four wave-mixing in the active semiconductor gain medium. The low-noise Gaussian-like pulse can be obtained by locking the relaxation oscillation and compensating the gain asymmetry. The simulations suggest that pulse trains of width below 30 ps and repetition rate in GHz frequency can be generated simply by the optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers. Since the optical injection locking can broaden the spectrum and amplify the optical power simultaneously, it can be a good initial stage for generating optical frequency combs from dual-frequency lasers by multi-stage of spectral broadening in nonlinear waveguides.     

Formation of a Fundamental Transverse Mode in Lasers with Prismatic Reflectors

We describe the developed optical schemes of lasers with prismatic reflectors that made it possible to increase the energy yield of a TEM₀₀ mode due to change in the resonator geometry, increase in the number of passes of radiation over the active element, and more efficient use of the active medium volume. We carried out an experimental investigation of the parameters of radiation of this type of ruby lasers in the modes of free generation and switched Q for passive, active, and combined preventions of resonator losses with the use of an electrooptic shutter and a bleaching filter.     

高斯光脉冲在非线性增益介质中的孤子特性

本文从理论上分析了高斯光脉冲在非线性增益介质中的传播特性,从而解释高斯光脉冲的压缩及展宽和形成光孤子的机理。用计算机模拟了不同参数的高斯光脉冲在非线性增益介质中的传播过程,并获得了脉宽沿传播方向变化的定量关系。结果表明,以不同能量向增益介质中注入高斯脉冲,有可能产生各阶光孤子,但由于增益的存在,光孤子的传输距离受到限制。     

二极管泵浦准三能级板条固体激光器的优化设计

基于最大激光增益条件，分析和优化了二极管泵浦准三能级Yb∶YAG固体板条激光器的激光增益、板条的最佳光学长度和最佳宽度参数。结果表明：在低功率侧面泵浦条件下，板条增益介质的掺杂浓度和板条宽度满足一定的关系，这为研究该类激光器提供了一条有效途径，其结果可应用于其他准三能级固体激光器设计。     

New potentialities of intracavity spectroscopy of matter using counterpropagating waves in a ring laser

The potentialities of ring lasers for examination of optical properties of substances are analyzed. It is shown that the use of ring lasers allows one not only to investigate the absorption properties of a substance but also to carry out precision measurements of the dispersion properties of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of a medium, as well as to measure its phase nonreciprocity and the value of nonreciprocal losses in the medium. The strategy of measurements is formulated in each individual case on the basis of calculations.     

Simulation of the interplay between stimulated emission and carrier distribution in quantum-cascade lasers

We present a model for the simulation of the effect of stimulated emission on the transport and optical properties in quantum-cascade lasers. The model is based on the self-consistent solution of the Schrödinger and Poisson equations using a one-dimensional scattering rate approach, which includes the laser rate equations. We discuss the charge redistribution, the modification of the current density, and the shift of the gain maximum for various designs of mid-infrared as well as THz quantum-cascade lasers. We found that this shift varies for the different designs, but is of similar order of magnitude as due to typical fluctuations of the layer parameters such as thicknesses and composition. In some cases, the inclusion of stimulated emission results in the appearance of negative differential conductivity, which may explain the observed instabilities of the current and light output power.     

Predictive quantum theory of current and optical gain in quantum cascade lasers

We have developed a flexible and accurate self consistent non-equilibrium Green’s functions method for stationary charge transport and optical gain in terahertz quantum cascade lasers. We compare our theoretical results with experimental data of a THz-QCL and find excellent quantitative agreement for the current- voltage characteristics and the peak gain energy. We identify non-radiative losses of electrons of the upper laser level to efficiently increase the threshold current and propose an optimized design that suppresses this coherent leakage.     

铅卤钙钛矿法布里-帕罗谐振腔激光器

随着后摩尔时代的到来,对大容量、高速度信息处理的需求使得半导体器件应用由电子集成转向光子集成,高性能微纳激光器是实现光子集成的重要环节.种类丰富的半导体材料促进了半导体微纳激光器的快速发展,近年来,随着大量新型半导体材料(如二维半导体、铅卤钙钛矿等)的涌现,有望实现半导体微纳激光器性能的进一步提升.由于钙钛矿材料具有高光吸收、缺陷高容忍、激子结合能大等优异光学性质,使其成为高增益、低阈值半导体微纳激光器的优秀候选材料.法布里-珀罗(F-P)谐振腔激光器是钙钛矿激光器中研究广泛、结构简单、应用价值较高的一类激光器.本文以铅卤钙钛矿F-P谐振腔激光器为例,对其工作机理以及近年来的研究成果进行综述,从激子与光子弱耦合的光子激光和强耦合的极化子激光两个方面出发,详细介绍了钙钛矿材料既作为增益介质又作为谐振腔的F-P结构激光器以及仅作为增益介质的F-P腔激光器的激光的产生原理和影响因素,最后总结了钙钛矿F-P谐振腔激光器当前面临的挑战,展望了其进一步发展可能具备的前景.     

Parametric study of plasma active medium and gain saturation region in a Ne-like soft X-ray laser

Plasmas created by the interaction of high power optical laser with a target surface can be used as a source of soft X-ray lasers. Plasma and pump laser characteristics play significant role in achieving high gain coefficient for such plasma based on soft X-ray lasers. In the present work, the plasma active medium parameters for germanium element at a wavelength of 19.6 nm irradiated by a double-pulse pump laser have been studied using MED103 hydrodynamic code. For this purpose, first, the effects of laser intensity, pulse width and delay time of two pulses on the gain coefficient have been investigated and the optimum conditions for the maximum gain extent of Ne-like germanium soft X-ray laser are obtained. Then, in order to calculate the intensity of such high gain lasers in which Linford equation is invalid, we have adopted the general formula of amplified spontaneous emission intensity, which is valid in all range of intensities even at much higher intensities than saturation intensity. Finally, the soft X-ray laser intensities in the saturated areas for different plasma lengths have been calculated. The results show that the output of soft X-ray laser intensity with 294 cm⁻¹ gain coefficient can reach to about several times saturated intensity by applying a 1–2 mm plasma length as the active medium.     

Mode selection in a spectrally homogeneously broadened CW laser due to spatially inhomogeneously saturable absorption

A novel method is proposed for selecting a single longitudinal mode in lasers with homogeneously broadened gain medium. Mode selection is achieved by the interaction of the standing cavity wave between the gain medium and a spatially saturated absorber. The theory is treated in detail for various geometric configurations including examples of important laser systems under continuous-wave operation, such as dye lasers.     

Lateral carrier confinement and threshold current reduction in InGaN QW lasers with deeply etched mesa

Shallow etch depths may contribute to a reduction in the optical gain of multiple quantum well (MQW) lasers through the lateral diffusion of carriers away from the region of greatest optical intensity. Deeply etched mesas can prevent this lateral diffusion, but this practice may itself contribute to a degradation of optical gain if the sidewalls are not effectively passivated. Simulation results considering the effects of surface recombination velocity (SRV) at the edge of etched active layers indicate that SRV must be reduced below approximately 10⁵cm/s in order for deep etch designs to provide benefit. Very few experimental studies quantify the efficiency of GaN surface passivation in terms of SRV. Further experimental studies are required to better assess the viability of deep etch MQW laser designs.     

二极管泵浦Nd:YAG圆片激光技术研究

介绍了热容激光技术的发展历史及现状,介绍了固体激光器热容方式工作的基本原理,报道了二极管泵浦NdYAG圆片激光器热容方式工作的实验结果.用热像仪测量了激光器工作时增益介质通光面上的温度分布特性;采用干涉测量的方法测量了工作中的增益介质的与光束传输方向相垂直的方向上的折射率分布特性;结果表明片状固体增益介质热容方式工作对振荡光束波前畸变影响很小.给出了与光束传输方向相垂直的截面上增益介质的荧光分布.得到输出平均功率达47.5 W,此时的光-光转换效率为17%.     

光束变换环形孔径有源激光谐振腔模式的数值模拟

建立了燃烧驱动环柱型高能化学激光器环形增益介质的五种分布模型,使用差分和积分相结合的方法计算了束变换环孔腔在不同增益分布和折射率分布时的模式特征,研究了增益分布和折射率分布对束变换环孔腔输出性能的影响,结果表明束变换环孔腔在不同的增益介质及折射率分布情况下,仍然可以保持良好的输出光束质量,很高的提取效率,在化学激光器增益流存在激波扰动的情况下,输出光场的施特雷尔比仍达到0．8991,同时腔镜上光强分布较为均匀,可以避免镜面因热应力分布不均匀而造成镜面变形和破坏。该腔不但适用于高能化学激光器,也可以用于高能固体激光器,起到克服固体增益介质热畸变与热应力的作用,可获得优良的输出光束质量。     

Designs for optimizing depth of focus and spot size for UV laser ablation

The proposed optical systems are designed for extending the depths of foci (DOF) of UV lasers, which can be exploited in the laser-ablation technologies, such as laser machining and lithography. The designed systems are commonly constructed by an optical module that has at least one aspherical surface. Two configurations of optical module, lens-only and lens-reflector, are presented with the designs of 2-lens and 1-lens-1-reflector demonstrated by commercially optical software. Compared with conventional DOF-enhanced systems, which required the chromatic aberration lenses and the light sources with multiple wavelengths, the proposed designs are adapted to the single-wavelength systems, leading to more economical and efficient systems.     

Semiconductor laser and optical amplifier modeling

Approaches are discussed to analyzing the dynamics and statics of the radiation of semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers and the interplay of physical processes that occur in an active medium and affect their radiation parameters. Some device designs and features of their computer implementation are described.     

High upconversion optical gain of Er3+-doped tellurite glass

The upconversion technique of rare-earth-doped glasses or crystals is a potential route for achieving short-wavelength lasers (SWLs). The optical gain is an important parameter for evaluating lasing medium performance. Therefore, upconversion luminescence in glass with composition of 70TeO₂–9PbF₂–10AlF₃–10BaF₂–1Er₂O₃ was demonstrated, and the small-signal optical gain was measured via an amplified spontaneous emission technique when the sample was excited with a 980 nm laser. It was found that the optical gain was as large as 4.0 dB/cm, thus indicating that this glass may be a good medium for SWLs.